中国电力周期与经济周期的协同性——基于Markov区制转移模型

采用1978—2015年中国电力消费和国内生产总值的年度数据,基于"三区制"马尔科夫区制转移模型,研究了电力消费和经济增长的动态转变过程,识别和划分了改革开放后中国电力周期和经济周期的阶段,并分析了两者在不同阶段的协同性。结果表明:电力周期和经济周期均具有低速增长期、稳定增长期和高速增长期三个区制转移特征;电力消费在低速增长期和高速增长期的波动性明显高于GDP,而在稳定增长期的波动性则显著小于GDP;20世纪80年代中期以前,是电力周期和经济周期的静态协同期;20世纪80年代中后期,两者处于非协同期;之后,两者处于显著的跨区制动态协同期,且处于协同期的电力周期与经济周期在时间上表现出较高的一致性。     

我国金融市场一体化与世界经济周期跨国传导研究

随着全球化的深入,人们逐步认识到在贸易强度和产业结构之外,金融市场一体化也日渐成为经济周期跨国传递的重要渠道。基于此背景,构建了2004~2012年间面板数据,分别采用OLS、固定效应和GMM动态估计方法,研究了中国与世界主要经济体之间,经济周期协同性的多层次关系及其传导机制。研究结果发现,中国和不同经济发展程度的国家间经济周期的传导机制存在差异,金融市场一体化、贸易强度和产业结构相似度上升都将增强中国和发达国家的经济周期协同性,但是金融渠道对中国和发展中国家间的影响还没有出现,也就是说金融一体化的程度制约着发展中国家,其还不能充分利用国际金融市场分散投资风险。     

金砖国家经济周期协动的区制依赖性分析——基于Markov区制转移模型的实证研究

笔者基于1997年~2012年季度经济总量数据,运用Markov区制转移模型对金砖国家经济周期协动进行研究。结果表明:金砖国家经济周期在不同的经济周期区制内表现出不同的协动性,具有从区制1到区制3逐渐增强的区制依赖特点;金砖国家各区制内发展速度位次相对稳定;中国经济对金砖国家经济协动在"共同低速增长"和"共同高速增长"区制内有明显的积极影响,在"共同中速增长"区制内有消极影响。     

产品内贸易对亚太地区经济周期协同性的影响分析

笔者基于2000年~2010年亚太地区十五个主要经济体的相关数据,实证分析了产品内贸易对于区域内各国经济周期协同性的影响。结果显示,双边产品内贸易强度对于经济周期协同性具有显著的正向影响,近年亚太地区产品内贸易的发展使各国经济呈现出显著的相互依赖性。研究结果还显示,双边经济结构相似度越高,经济周期协同性程度越强,而金融一体化则会弱化协同性。产品内贸易的深入发展是亚太地区国际分工格局的一个基本趋势,在此背景下,加强双边与多边合作对于各国保障其经济的稳定发展极为必要。     

我国产业结构变动对经济周期波动影响的实证分析

在厘清产业结构变动对我国经济增长波动的作用的基础上,深入探讨产业结构变动对经济周期波动的影响,主要从实证角度分两个层面展开的,一方面考察了产业结构变动对经济周期波动的协同性影响,另一方面探讨了产业结构变动对经济周期波动的非对称性影响,最后得出几点重要的结论。     

全球价值链分工对国际经济周期协同性的影响研究

为考察全球价值链分工的宏观经济效应,本文基于2000—2014年全球102个经济体相关数据,探究了全球价值链贸易对国际经济周期协同性的影响。结果表明,全球价值链贸易深化了国际垂直型分工,显著提升了国际经济周期的协同性;无论是制造业还是服务业价值链贸易,对国际经济周期协同性都具有显著正向影响,侧面反映出服务业也在越来越深入地融入全球分工体系;价值链贸易对国际经济周期协同性的影响效应主要体现于发展中与发达经济体之间,发达经济体之间的经济周期协同性受其影响并不明显。     

我国经济周期与大宗商品价格走势的关系研究综述

本文从经济周期与大宗商品价格走势人手,一方面回顾国内外经济周期测定方法的研究成果,主要有BB法、BBQ法、马尔科夫区制转移模型、卡尔曼分析法等;另一方面进一步回顾和述评了经济周期与大宗商品价格走势的关系的研究成果.     

生产依存度、产出关联与国际经济周期协同性——中国与主要贸易伙伴的实证检验

本文在两国生产关系模型的简化式基础上推导了生产依存度与产出关联的关系,并认为当生产函数为规模报酬递减时,两国间生产依存度越大则产出的关联性越强.产出关联性越强,经济周期协同性越明显.检验中国与前10大贸易伙伴的数据,中国与主要贸易伙伴在生产上具有规模报酬递减的性质,意味着随着中国与这些国家(或地区)生产依存度的加深,两国(或地区)之间的产出关联性也越强,中国与这些国家(或地区)经济周期有协同性趋势.     

世界经济周期研究述评

本文对世界经济周期的概念、存在与否、产生原因、中国经济与世界经济的协同性等方面的研究成果进行了综述,并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

国内外经济周期理论研究文献综述

对经济运行的周期性扩张与衰退现象进行理论解释,是现代宏观经济学研究的重点之一.近年来,国内外学者利用宏观经济数据,展开了丰富的实证研究:国外学者则集中于经济周期的测定与预测、经济周期的波动特征及国际经济周期等三个方面;国内学者对经济周期的研究相对较晚,大多集中于利用改革开放以来我国宏观数据,对经济周期的划分、经济周期的影响因素以及地区协同性等三个方面进行实证研究.国外学者对于计量方法的原创性研究,以及对全球化时代国家间经济周期协同性的关注,值得我国学者在今后研究中予以借鉴.     

我国经济周期波动的非对称性和持续性研究

本文利用1979年至2004年之间中国GDP季度数据,采用三区制马尔可夫均值和方差转移的二阶自回归(MSMV(3)-AR(2))模型和贝叶斯Gibbs抽样非参数估计方法,对我国经济周期波动的非对称性和持续性进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,MSMV(3)-AR(2)模型对我国经济状况提供了很好的拟合,显著支持增长率序列具有三区制状态:低速增长阶段,适速增长阶段和高速增长阶段。我国经济周期的非对称性主要体现在各个增长阶段的均值、方差、阶段性之间的转移概率的不同。我国经济周期的持续性主要体现在各个增长阶段的自维持概率和阶段性之间的转移概率的不同。此外,我国经济"适速增长阶段"的稳定性最高,"高速增长阶段"的平均持续期最长。     

基于MSVAR模型的房地产通货膨胀效应研究

笔者运用Markov区制转移模型对我国房地产波动的通货膨胀效应进行研究,发现我国房地产波动的通胀效应具有区制依赖性特点:通货膨胀率预期成分在低速增长区制和中速增长区制阶段,均显著影响房地产收益率,并且方向相反;在三个区制中通货膨胀率的周期成分均显著影响房地产波动,在高速发展阶段房地产波动的通胀效应表现为"代理假说",其余阶段均表现为"费雪假说"。     

HOW DO FISCAL CONSOLIDATION AND FISCAL STIMULI IMPACT ON THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF BUSINESS CYCLES?

Using quarterly data for a panel of advanced economies, we show that synchronized fiscal consolidation (stimulus) programmes in different countries make their business cycles more closely linked. We also find: (i) some evidence of decoupling when an inflation targeting regime is unilaterally adopted; (ii) an increase in business cycle synchronization when countries fix their exchange rates and become members of a monetary union; (iii) a positive effect of bilateral trade on the synchronization of business cycles. Global factors, such as a rise in global risk aversion and uncertainty and a reversal of nonstandard expansionary monetary policy, can also reduce the degree of co‐movement of business cycles across countries. From a policy perspective, our work shows that an inflation targeting regime coupled with simultaneous fiscal consolidations can lead to more business cycle synchronization.     

The business cycle in a financially deregulated context: Theory and evidence

This article proposes Minsky's financial instability hypothesis (FIH) as a theoretical underpinning for a three‐regime business cycles model. Further, it is argued that the development of the FIH for open, developing economies (FIH‐ODE) provides a better understanding of the performance of business cycles in these economies, particularly during the last two decades. In support of these claims, a three‐regime autoregressive Markov switching model is estimated from 1980q1 to 2000q4 to Mexico's quarterly real GDP to investigate its business cycle behaviour. The estimated probabilities of the high and medium growth regimes suggest, for example, that after the financial liberalisation programme was fully launched, in the late 1980s, the economy shifted from the regime of medium to high growth (and vice versa) swiftly, reflecting its dependence on capital flows. Furthermore, the estimated parameters indicate that the average length of the business cycle has not changed.     

BUSINESS CYCLE,CURRENCY AND TRADE,REVISITED

This paper provides long‐run historical evidence for the link between business cycle synchronization, trade and the exchange rate regime. Using data from a large number of industrialized countries and a group of Asian economies, we examine this link in three sub‐periods: the first globalization period (1870–1913), the bloc economy period (1915–1959) and the second globalization period (1960–2004). The business cycle is identified as the series of deviates from a Hodrick–Prescott filtered trend. Cyclical turning points are located in the business cycles of our sample of 21 major countries, which enables us to comment on the characteristics of business cycles in the three periods. Cross‐correlations of the cyclical deviates are calculated for all the pairs of the 21 countries examined. It is apparent from casual inspection that the business cycle characteristics and the pattern of cross‐correlations in the bloc economy period are different from those found for the two globalization periods, whereas there is less difference between the two globalization periods. Following the estimations by Frankel and Rose, we relate business cycle synchronization to trade patterns and currency unions. Consequently, we find that European integration was already discernible in terms of business cycle synchronization in the early 1900s and that a similar synchronization was not discernible for Asia.     

The within-distribution business cycle dynamics of German firms

In this article, we analyse stylized facts for Germany's business cycle at the firm level. Based on longitudinal firm-level data from the Bundesbank's balance sheet statistics covering, on average, 55 000 firms per year from 1971 to 1998, we estimate transition probabilities of a firm in a certain real sales growth regime switching to another regime in the next period, e.g. whether a firm that has witnessed a high growth rate is likely to stay in a regime of high growth or is bound to switch to a regime of low growth in the subsequent period. We find that these probabilities depend on the business cycle position.     

Fiscal policy,government size and EMU business cycle synchronization

We provide new evidence on the effects of fiscal policy and government size on pairwise business cycle synchronization in EMU. A novel time-varying framework is employed to estimate business cycle synchronization and subsequently a panel approach is used to establish the role of fiscal variables in determining the pairwise synchronization observations across time. The findings suggest similarities in the size of the public sector, yet divergence in fiscal policy stance, matter for the determination of business cycle synchronization. Hence, increased fiscal federalism in EMU will contribute to increased business cycle synchronization. Our results remain robust to different specifications and sub-periods.     

商业周期与区际经济一体化——自然壁垒、经济结构与政策

文章着重从商业周期角度来对我国区际一体化状况进行实证研究,即主要从"市场自然分割"与"政策与经济结构"两方面因素来探索商业周期的区域差异.总体来看,我国所有地区在两个时间样本期间(1992～1997年与1998～2004年)的就业和产出周期同步性均有所增加,说明商业周期的演进与我国经济体制改革基本同步;文章还分析了影响商业周期的不同解释变量,结果显示:控制变量的距离、规模与周期存在显著的相关性,而体现"东西边界"的外生变量则在绝大部分回归中则显著为负,说明在我国东西部之间可能存在一道明显的"区域分界线",阻碍了大区域间的经济联系;此外,樊刚指数对区域周期的解释具有两面性,经济结构差异越合理,商业周期越走向同步性,而财政政策差异和贸易密度差异是我国商业周期的波动因素.     

Nonlinear models,composite longer leading indicator and forecasts for UK real GDP

This paper examines the role of the Office for National Statistics Composite Longer Leading Indicator, in nonlinear business cycle models for growth rates of UK real gross domestic product (GDP). These models are of the smooth transition regression class, with the transition between “regimes” expressed as functions of lagged changes in the leading indicator. In general, evidence is found of business cycle regime asymmetries, with increases and decreases in the leading indicator implying distinct responses for the dependent variable. Single transition function appears to capture these asymmetries satisfactorily. Nonlinear models provide more accurate one-step ahead forecasts than corresponding linear leading indicator models.