RFID原理及其在交通工具中的应用

无线射频识别技术 (简称:RFID)一种非接触式的自动识别技术.它采用大规模集成电路技术、识别技术、计算机及通信技术,通过读写器和安装在栽体(车辆或设备或人员)上的RFID卡,构成 KFID 系统,实现对载体的非接触的识别和数据信息交换,已广泛的应用于人类生活的各个领域.文中详细介绍了 RFID 系统的原理和技术发展.以及 RFID 在交通工具,如汽车、火车、飞机和轮船生产、维护、交通、运输等方面的主要应用.     

招聘的“优平方”——对话亲亲集团人力资源总经理王桂莲

人才不会等待,即使在经济下行的冬天:雇主也不会等待,左手举裁刀,右手摇旗帜,因为招聘的窗口里有梦想的潮汐.特别是“快速招聘”日渐风靡,从求职到受聘平均只需29天.由过去的慢节奏招聘到时下的速招聘,期间的高效能对接离不开“优平方”.当理念优化遇上实务优化,两两相激,犹如两数相乘,是为“长×宽=优平方”.结构化思维是充分考虑事物内在逻辑的方法论.就招聘而言,对多和少、前和后、左和右、大和小、点和面、横和纵等等的把握,使优平方成为可能.     

体验星巴克文化

<正>咖啡文化、咖啡知识是星巴克文化的重要组成部分口碑传播使星巴克成为当今世界餐饮行业的著名品牌央视英语主播芮成纲的抗议,将全国人民的视线都引到"星巴克"和"故宫"上。许多人恍然大悟:原来星巴克在故宫已经开了6年了。仔细回想,不知何时开始,越来越多的中国人已经熟悉了星巴克的绿色美人鱼标志。在紧张、繁忙的工作告一段落后,与三五知己在星巴克品尝现磨咖啡已经成为现代白领不可或缺的一部分。而星巴克能吸引众多消费者的最大法宝就是它的文化。     

第七届AIA全国"求职王"语文比赛圆满落幕

2008年3月23日,来自清华大学、北京大学、香港大学、西安交通大学、中山大学、上海大学等不同城市多所大学的选物们聚集北京国家会计学院,竞争国际会计师公会(AIA)全国"求职王"语文比赛的总决赛冠军.     

猴年到了,做一个沙和尚吧

年前,一篇帖子开始在网上热传,一名自称是小康家庭出身的上海女孩随相处一年的江西男友回农村过年,在见到男方父母准备的第一顿饭后便提出与男友分手,并以最快速度返回上海.女孩将自己的经历发帖上传到网络,一时间引起网友的热评.事件中的男主角随即发表声明说道:“在哪里跌倒在哪里爬起,既然江西这么穷,表明她还是一块有待开发的处女地,为什么不留下来创业呢?”忽然感觉很讽刺,猴年到了,本是一飞冲天的祥和年,却让这样一则令人心酸的新闻成为春节期间的饭后茶点.     

中小型外贸企业的品牌策略

随着加入WTO,我国的中小型外贸企业只有打造自己的品牌,打响知名度,才能在激烈的竞争中占据一席之地.文章运用品牌管理学、经济学、心理学等相关知识和理论,分析我国中小型外贸企业所存在的问题,论述了如何针对中小型外贸企业自身特点而制定出与之相适应的品牌策略.     

谈对混凝土裂缝的预防

在施工中由于混凝土施工、本身变形和约束等一系列问题,使混凝土裂缝成了建筑工程中最常见的工程病害.轻者使内部的钢筋等材料产生腐蚀,降低钢筋混凝土材料的承载能力、耐久性等,严重的将威胁到人民的生命、财产,因此对混凝土裂缝的控制极为重要.     

潮汕冬至习俗

冬至，是中国农历中一个重要的节气，也是中华民族的一个传统节日，冬至俗称“冬节”、“长至节”、“亚岁”等。早在2500多年前的春秋时代，中国就已经用土圭观测太阳，测定出了冬至，它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个，时间在每年的公历12月21日至23日之间。在中国北方冬至有吃饺子的风俗，而南方则是吃汤圆。     

皇冠上的明星豪宅

在成熟发展的广州楼市中，都市精品豪宅——天河华庭，以其优越的地理位置，宛如点缀在天河北皇冠上的明星，表现出了极强的个性与市场潜力。大家都知道，在市场上最具升值保值潜力的楼盘，当数那些位于市中心的豪宅。由于天河北近年顶级豪宅供应量缺乏，积累了一定的市场需求。天河华庭于6月5日开放售楼部以来，短短一周，前往咨询及登记的人数已接近百人，天河华庭在此尚未面世之际，就成为了广州楼市备受关注的一颗璀璨明珠。     

有种能力叫"与情绪共舞"

身处某市煤炭国企的闺蜜丽娜(化名)来电征求意见,她面临两个选择:一是继续工作,工资从6000多元降到1000多元,岗位从管理岗科级干部降为工人岗食堂勤杂人员;二是回家创业,单位保留劳动关系,缴纳社会保险.通话过程中,明显感受到电话那头的声音里浸满着焦虑、彷徨、迷失与无助……     

Regulatory focus,environmental turbulence,and entrepreneur improvisation

Improvisation is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy used by entrepreneurs for effectively dealing with unexpected events. Nevertheless, limited effort has been exerted in the investigation of the antecedents of entrepreneur improvisation. This study proposes and analyzes regulatory focus as an important antecedent of entrepreneur improvisation, and examines the moderating role of environmental turbulence in this relationship. Data are obtained from a two-wave survey of 99 entrepreneurs in the largest economic area in China. Empirical results indicate that promotion focus (but not prevention focus) is significantly related to entrepreneur improvisation. Furthermore, environmental turbulence significantly moderates the relationship between prevention focus and entrepreneur improvisation. These findings advance the understanding of entrepreneur improvisation and regulatory focus theory, and provide practical implications for entrepreneurs, investors and boards of directors.     

Debt renegotiation under reputation concerns and tolerance for failure

We propose a career concern model where a privately informed entrepreneur reports the firm financial situation. On this basis, the creditor may offer debt renegotiation. Due to reputation concerns, the entrepreneur may feel reluctant to restructure and may manipulate information. We analyze how creditor attitude towards failure and entrepreneurs reputation concerns interact and influence the restructuring decision. We show that debt renegotiation under more lenient conditions discourages manipulation because entrepreneurs are ensured that their reputation will not suffer from revealing financial difficulties. Intolerant creditors make entrepreneurs more concerned about reputation weakening their incentives to restructure, leading to inefficient continuation of investments.     

基于企业家创新的集群企业电子商务产生机理研究——以浙江省产业集群为例

具有创新特性的企业家一般更为倾向于在本企业采用创新事物,集群企业电子商务产生的一种重要模式就是基于企业家创新而来的。企业家的这种创新特性表现为企业家的创新精神、企业家掌握的电子商务知识以及企业家对采用电子商务的态度。同时,基于企业家创新的集群企业电子商务产生过程还受到客户、政府部门、信息技术服务商等外在因素的影响。     

Switch or persevere? The effects of experience and metacognition on persistence decisions

This paper extends the scholarly understanding of entrepreneurial persistence decisions by identifying individual-level constructs that moderate which decision criteria have the most influence on entrepreneurs’ persistence decisions. Prior research demonstrates that contextual factors, such as feedback through adversity and the attractiveness of opportunities in an entrepreneur’s environment, determine whether or not an entrepreneur will persist with their current venture. We contribute to this literature by theoretically proposing and empirically testing how individual differences in entrepreneurial experience, metacognitive experience, and metacognitive knowledge moderate which aspects of environmental information entrepreneurs pay the most attention to when deciding whether or not to persist. We test our proposed model using a conjoint experiment that allows for monitoring actual persistence decisions of 124 entrepreneurs. Results suggest that metacognitive knowledge influences persistence decisions primarily through altering the impact that probability of expected outcomes associated with potential alternatives has on entrepreneurs’ persistence decisions. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that more experienced entrepreneurs weigh financial returns and switching costs more heavily when making persistence decisions.     

Beyond necessity versus opportunity entrepreneurship: some lessons from English deprived urban neighbourhoods

When discussing the motivations of entrepreneurs, it has become commonplace to represent them dichotomously as either necessity or opportunity driven. This paper evaluates critically this dualistic depiction of entrepreneurs’ motives through an examination of the rationales of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs living in a deprived urban neighbourhood of an English city, a group of entrepreneurs who have been conventionally depicted as largely driven by necessity into entrepreneurship in the absence of alternative means of livelihood. Reporting the results of a face-to-face questionnaire conducted in 2008 with 459 respondents and a further 18 follow-up in-depth interviews, the finding is that forcing individual entrepreneurs’ motives into one or other of these categories grossly over-simplifies their rationales which in lived practice are not only a mixture of both opportunity and necessity but also temporally fluid shifting most often from more necessity- to more opportunity-oriented rationales. The outcome is to reveal that the opportunity versus necessity dichotomy, which uses the perceptions of an entrepreneur’s originating condition as the defining feature of their motivations, is a misleading way of categorising types of entrepreneurship not only because motivations change over time but also because entrepreneurs are frequently driven by both necessity as well as opportunity factors. The result is a call to move beyond the conventional either/or depiction of opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship and towards a richer, more nuanced and dynamic appreciation of entrepreneurs’ motivations.     

Entrepreneurial Hustle: Navigating Uncertainty and Enrolling Venture Stakeholders through Urgent and Unorthodox Action

Entrepreneurs need to act under conditions of uncertainty and resource constraints to bring new, often-unrecognizable products to market and convince an unknown set of stakeholders to support their endeavours. The type of action entrepreneurs take to navigate uncertain entrepreneurial contexts is underspecified. We analysed 48 interviews with entrepreneurs to inductively identify an action-oriented construct we labelled as entrepreneurial hustle – an entrepreneur’s urgent, unorthodox actions that are intended to be useful in addressing immediate challenges and opportunities under conditions of uncertainty. In a follow-up study, we use an experimental vignette approach to assess the impact of an entrepreneur’s hustle on venture stakeholders. Findings suggest that entrepreneurial hustle positively influences stakeholder perceptions of the entrepreneur’s leadership effectiveness and a venture’s legitimacy, mediated by perceptions of the entrepreneur’s ability-based trustworthiness. We conclude that entrepreneurial hustle is a fundamental behaviour that enables entrepreneurs to enrol new venture stakeholders and lead their entrepreneurial efforts.     

The influence of perceived management skills and perceived gender discrimination in launch decisions by women entrepreneurs

Our study answers the call for a better understanding of female entrepreneurs in Morocco and the role families play in launch decisions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of perceived management skills and perceived gender discrimination in obtaining funds on women entrepreneurs’ propensity to start their businesses with or without family members. Drawing upon the family embeddedness and institutional economics theoretical frameworks, perceived high management capabilities are found to increase the likelihood that a female entrepreneur will set up her business with family members. However, when the entrepreneur perceives gender discrimination in obtaining funds, this will negatively moderate this relationship and will make it more likely that a woman will start her business alone or with nonrelatives. This research contributes to the literature by advancing knowledge of the socio-cultural factors, embedded in the family-oriented contextual framework, that affect women entrepreneurs’ ways of starting their businesses. Implications affecting the success of women-owned start-up businesses and public policy implications are discussed.     

Incidence of teams in the firms owned by serial,portfolio and first-time entrepreneurs

This study focused on the prevalence of teams in the firms owned by habitual and first-time entrepreneurs. Most team-oriented studies in the field of entrepreneurship have rather focused on entrepreneurial than management teams. In this study, we extend the prior research by linking management teams to the discussion and by paying attention a previous closure experience of an entrepreneur. The research revealed that management teams were more common in the firms owned by habitual than first-time entrepreneurs. Correspondingly, there were more solo entrepreneurs among the first-time entrepreneurs. The results also suggest that a closure experience decrease the probability of solo entrepreneurship.     

基于AHP方法的企业家人力资本选择模型研究

企业家人力资本是企业发展的核心推动力,企业家人力资本类型与企业核心能力的构建具有内在的匹配性。企业家人力资本选择的核心在于根据企业家所拥有的知识资本、社会资本和精神资本等因素,选择出合适的企业家类型。本文采用AHP方法作为甄选企业家人力资本的选择方法,使得选择在定量化分析的基础上具有科学性,充分发挥企业家人力资本的作用。     

Credit-rationing and entrepreneurial experience: Evidence from a resource deficit context

This study explores the following novel research question: Do attributes relating to the resources and signals of lead entrepreneurs, particularly prior business ownership experience quality signals, reduce the probability that entrepreneurs will be chronic credit-rationed entrepreneurs in a developing economy context with resource deficiencies? Guided by insights from signalling, resource-based view of the firm and human capital theory, profiles of credit-rationed entrepreneurs (i.e. debt finance obtained but below the amount requested) are highlighted. The length of the debt finance gap was considered with regard to temporary (over one year), major (over two years) and chronic (over three years) finance gaps. We find support for our hypotheses relating to entrepreneurs whose firms are more innovative being more likely to be chronically credit-rationed, whilst firms with partners, entrepreneurs with longer prior business ownership experience and habitual entrepreneurs are less likely to be credit-rationed. The interaction with serial or portfolio entrepreneur reduces the chronic credit-rationing problem faced by innovative firms. A case for developing linkages between inexperienced novice entrepreneurs and habitual entrepreneurs, particularly successful portfolio entrepreneurs, is made. Notably, we suggest that building upon the experienced entrepreneurs who do exist may be particularly beneficial in resource deficit contexts such as Ghana