浅议加强我国中小企业内部控制的对策

中小企业的高速发展,为社会主义经济注入了新的活力,但是中小企业内部控制意识薄弱、公司治理结构不完善、风险意识淡薄等因素制约了中小企业的发展,本文通过对优化中小企业的内部环境、完善公司治理结构、提高内部监督能力等方面提出了对策和建议,希望能对中小企业的发展提供有益的帮助。     

周振宇:从政策面推动解决中小企业融资难题

中小企业贷款难是一个世纪性、全球性的难题,受国际金融危机影响,我国中小企业生存发展较为艰难,其中,反映最强烈的问题就是融资困难.中小企业融资难的原因是多方面的,既有中小企业整体生存发展环境的问题,也有外部市场需求疲软导致中小企业有效需求不足的问题,还有中小企业渠道狭窄、专业化水平不高的原因,还有利益补偿,风险共担等长效机制缺失的问题,此外,中小企业自身也存在公司治理不完善、诚信缺失等问题.这些因索交错叠加,使金融危机形势下中小企业融资难问题显得尤为突出.     

中小企业板上市公司治理模式与治理要点探析

近年来,我国资本市场中小企业板公司发展迅速,本文分析了划分我国中小企业板上市公司治理模式的必要性,提出了三种不同的治理模式,并根据不同模式下的治理特征提出了相应的治理对策。     

改制中小企业信贷支持情况的调查

加强对中小企业的信贷支持,既是金融支持经济健康发展的重要任务,也是金融机构新的利润增长点.本文对山东省目前改制中小企业的信贷支持情况进行了调查,对制约改制中小企业信贷支持增加的原因进行了分析,进而提出政府优化信用环境、中小企业完善公司治理结构、商业银行改进信贷管理机制、拓宽融资渠道等对策建议.     

我国中小企业上市资源调研报告

调研表明,我国中小企业为数众多,已经涌现一批主业突出、具有一定科技含量,且成长前景良好的优质企业.这些企业不仅有着强烈的外部融资需求,也有着迫切的公司治理需求和科技转化需求.从中小企业整体来说,要实现大发展与大跨越,客观上也迫切需要通过中小企业板这个平台发挥示范、引导、带动作用.我们应加快推进中小企业上市资源培育和服务工作,以中小企业板为平台,促进我国中小企业的健康发展.     

基于公司治理的中小企业会计信息质量改进研究

论文首先简单介绍了公司治理理论的内容,然后分析了公司治理与会计信息质量之间的显著相关性,讨论了我国现阶段中小企业公司治理存在的问题及对会计信息质量的影响,最后从内、外部治理机制两方面分别提出了提高中小企业会计信息质量的对策,认为企业内部需要建立有效履行各个职能的运行机制,同时还需要政府、银行、社会中介和媒体等对外部治理发挥作用。     

中小企业治理模式存在的问题及原因分析

近年来,我国中小企业取得了长足的发展,在整个国民经济中的地位越来越重要。但是,中小企业在创立、成长和发展壮大的过程中,存在着治理家族化、治理模式单一化及治理机制不完善等一些突出的问题,严重阻碍了中小企业的持续健康发展。导致中小企业治理模式存在突出问题的原因是公司治理意识淡薄,治理模式与企业发展规模不适应,治理机制与治理结构相分离,企业外部市场不健全等。     

内控环境下中小企业治理结构构建

内部控制体系成为企业经营新阶段的重要关注点.本文从理论的角度分析了内部控制环境与企业治理的关系,并以我国中小企业作为研究对象,分析了在内控环境要求下,企业治理上尚存的问题,并给出了相应的建议.     

用股份制改造构建国有商业银行公司治理机制

国有商业银行公司治理机制存在严重缺陷,酿成我国商业银行的低资本充足率、低盈利性、资产的高风险性等问题.可用股份制改造构建国有商业银行治理机制,包括:产权改革;完善公司治理的组织结构;营造竞争性市场,培育银行业公司治理的环境;建立市场化的经营者选择机制.     

中小企业内部控制、审计质量与商业信用融资

以2010-2013深交所中小板上市公司为样本,研究了作为公司内部治理机制的内部控制和公司外部治理机制的独立审计对中小企业商业信用融资的影响.研究结果表明内部控制有效性水平高的中小企业能够获得更多的商业信用融资,但高质量的审计并未显著增强中小企业商业信用融资的水平,并且内部控制和审计质量在增强商业信用融资方面也不存在替代效应和补充效应.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

纳税申报法律制度的弊端分析及完善建议

纳税申报是税收民主的一种具体体现形式,基于此,世界各国普遍建立了纳税申报法律制度。我国的纳税申报法律制度也已经有20年的历史,其间经过多次修改和完善,也曾极大地促进了税收法制与税收民主的进程。但从总体来看,我国现行的纳税申报法律制度依然存在相当多的问题,不仅与税收征管改革不配套,还存在侵害纳税人权益的问题。因此,有必要修改相关法律法规,以完善我国的纳税申报法律制度。