A General Theorem on the Comparative Statics of Changes in Risk

In this paper, the concept of absolutely riskier than is introduced to generalize Gollier's (Journal of Economic Theory, 66, 522–535) necessary and sufficient conditions for the comparative statics of a change in risk for risk averters. The restrictive assumption that the payoff function is monotonic in the risk is relaxed. The policymaker's choice problem, the newsboy problem, and a farmer's example are used to illustrate how easily the monotonicity assumption is violated. Finally, some important properties of the concept of absolutely riskier than, such as its relation with the concept of second-order stochastic dominance, are illustrated using the farmer's example.     

A Cross-Section Analysis of the Income Elasticity of Housing Demand in Spain: Is There a Real Estate Bubble?

Much attention has been given to claims that real estate prices in Spain are overvalued in relation to income and how plummeting house prices can jeopardize the economy (The Economist, 2003 and IMF, 2004). The measure of income elasticity on housing expenditure is often of considerable interest to applied researchers and policy makers in real estate economics, but the problem of omitted variables in some estimation techniques can lead to severe biases. In this paper we estimate the income elasticity of the demand for housing in Spain based on the cross-section of prices and income in fifty Spanish provinces from 1996 to 2002. In comparison to long-run equilibrium models fitted with time-series data, our results show a much weaker role of income growth as a vehicle for house price increases in the long run. According to our estimates, the rate of growth of house prices in Spain between 1998 and 2003 points to a real estate bubble with prices above the long-term equilibrium level.     

The cost of bank loans in relation to bonds swapped into a floating rate

Banks never lend at less than the interbank floating rate, LIBOR. We argue that this must be because it is insufficiently profitable for those that could lend at less than LIBOR to do so and discuss circumstances in which this would be the case. Using data from 1988–1991, we show that LIBOR varies in relation to the cost of corporate bonds swapped into a floating rate, and suggest that the relative cost of LIBOR may affect bank and bond market pricing policies. the data also indicates that changes in the compensation for credit risk demanded by the bank and bond markets are not synchronous, and that swap rates have an appreciable impact on the cost of bonds swapped into floating.     

A CGE Analysis of the Impacts of a Carbon Tax on Provincial Economy in China

This article conducts a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the impacts of a carbon tax on economy at province levels in China since China features significantly differentiated development modes across regions. Three representative provinces including Henan, Fujian, and Chongqing are selected as the sample. The empirical results indicate that carbon tax is an efficient policy to reduce carbon emissions accompanied with negative impact on provincial economy. To cushion the negative impacts of carbon tax, a moderate carbon tax rate and carbon tax recycling policy are recommended according to the simulation results.     

陕西、宁夏、四川三省城镇居民消费结构比较分析

本文运用扩展线性支出系统（ELES）模型对2009年陕西、宁夏、四川三省城镇居民按收入水平分组的消费结构数据进行回归分析,根据回归结果对其边际消费倾向、基本需求支出、收入弹性、价格弹性进行比较分析,并对其消费结构进行了分析。     

认真总结Shibor建设经验，做好新时期Shibor工作

经过五年多来的建设培育,Shibor已基本确立了我国货币市场基准利率地位,成为传导货币政策、反映市场利率变动的重要指标,并在市场化利率形成机制中发挥重要作用。文章总结五年来Shibor建设和培育的经验,探讨进一步夯实Shibor货币市场基准利率地位的工作思路,指出在利率市场化不断推进和金融市场持续发展的新时期,继续做好Shibor建设培育工作显得更加紧迫,也具有十分重要的意义。各报价行应高度重视,齐心协力,推动Shibor建设培育工作再上新的台阶。     

农民住房财产权抵押的阻碍与对策分析--以吉林省长春市九台区为例

2015年8月,国务院印发《关于开展农村承包土地的经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点的指导意见》(国发【2015】45号)。2015年12月,长春市九台区被确定为全国首批农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点区,本文基于九台市的现实情况分析了该项改革可能面临的困难以及对策建议。     

国有商业银行贷款业务流程的理论分析与现实构想

业务流程再造是对现有流程和体系结构的变革，目的在于提高经济运行效率。本文通过对我国国有商业银行贷款业务流程现状的分析，借鉴国外商业银行贷款业务流程的设计，提出我国商业银行贷款业务流程再造的原则，即必须坚持“扬弃”的原则、坚持精减流程的原则、坚持整体设计、分步推进的原则及坚持激励约束配套的原则。在具体运作过程中，应按照不同客户类别分别授权，通过数据清理，分步建立风险评价模型，由不同级别的风险经理与客户经理负责不同种类的客户，最终实现贷款业务的高质、高效审批管理，重构国有商业银行的贷款业务流程。     

浅析合伙企业在税收协定中的"缔约国居民"之身份

合伙企业是否为“缔约国居民”对税收协定的适用有重要影响。一般来说,合伙企业属于协定意义上的“人”,但并不意味着同时也属于“缔约国居民”,只有当合伙企业被视为纳税实体,对所得负有纳税义务时,才可能成为协定意义上的“缔约国居民”,此时合伙企业本身有资格享受协定优惠。如果合伙人就按份所得负有纳税义务,合伙企业被视为纳税虚体,则不是“缔约国居民”,其合伙人可以享受相关协定的优惠。