发展我国汽车产业的战略与政策思路

本文认为,我国汽车产业经过五十多年的艰苦创业,已经有了长足的进步与发展,具备了一定的发展规模,在国民经济中的地位和作用不断上升,但是汽车产业品种较少,尚不能满足国民经济发展的需要,汽车产业特别是轿车自主开发能力差,对跨国公司的依赖性较大,还不具备国际竞争力。文章提出,从我国经济社会发展的历史阶段看,我国的汽车产业面临着巨大的发展机遇,也面临不少严峻的问题,尤其是跨国汽车公司在华发展战略正逐步发生深刻变化,集团化趋势日益显现,对中资企业的集团化战略构成严重挑战,所以我国汽车产业发展战略必须相应调整,一要坚持合资合作不放松,二要坚持自主发展不动摇。文章还提出了我国汽车产业发展政策遵循的主要原则和汽车产业发展政策中的主要应对措施。     

论我国政府在汽车产业发展政策中的角色演变

现代政策科学理论鼻祖哈罗德·拉斯维尔认为,政策科学是一门对于时间和空间都非常敏感的学问。这就告诉了我们公共政策的制定必须以一定的历史条件和空间条件为背景。我国汽车产业的发展呈现出一派生机的景象,这主要得利于国家对汽车产业的公共政策支持;另一方面,汽车产业的发展也面临诸多潜在问题,需要国家在政策领域不断更新支持力,在时间和空间条件背景下不断进行角色演变,调整对于汽车产业的公共政策。     

中国汽车业的导航标——《汽车产业发展政策》正式发布

6月1日，经国家发展和改革委员会主任办公会议讨论通过，并报国务院批准，《汽车产业发展政策》正式发布。并于发布之日起施行。而1994年颁布的《汽车工业产业政策》根据国务院国函[2004]30号文件批复当日起停止执行。《汽车产业发展政策》在我国汽车产业充满希望，又面临重大挑战的时候制定和发布，它担负着引导我国汽车产业走上持续健康发展道路的重任相比1994年出台、历时10年的“老”汽车产业发展政策，新政策有多条“要点”引起业内震动：本刊将为您详细解读……     

我国汽车业发展战略与对策--《汽车产业发展政策》解读

本刊在《投资顾问》栏目中全文刊载国家发改委8号令《汽车产业发展政策》，读者可与本文对照解读．透析我国汽车产业发展状况及前景。     

花都区汽车产业集群发展与升级启示

广州花都区汽车产业集群是我国产业集群的一个典型,它的成功发展与升级不仅来自于优越的区位、政府政策的引导等客观因素,也来自于研发能力创新、员工激励制度完善等主观上的努力。该文基于对花都区汽车产业集群的发展历程简述,剖析了其产业集群的发展与升级成功的原因,最后得出花都汽车产业集群发展与升级的经验和启示。     

新能源汽车产业发展与政策支撑现状分析

随着我国汽车产业的快速发展,在此背景下衍生出了不可忽视的环境问题和能源问题,给汽车产业发展提出了更高的要求。在汽车产业中新能源汽车的研发,能够改变传统汽车对石油能源的依赖情况,以此有效的节约能源,减少对环境造成的污染。新能源汽车实质上就是传统汽车的延伸发展,在传统汽车的基础上,增加了电池、电机等零件,从而形成了有效的控制系统对新能源汽车进行一定的控制。但是就目前我国新能源汽车的发展现状来看,缺乏了编制模型的研究和分析。因此本文首先提出了发展新能源汽车产业的必要性,然后分析了新能源汽车产业发展的现状,最后利用投入和产出的分析工具对新能源汽车产业进行了全面的研究分析。     

汽车产业发展政策

为适应不断完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求以及加入世贸组织后国内外汽车产业发展的新形势，推进汽车产业结构调整和升级，全面提高汽车产业国际竞争力，满足消费者对汽车产品日益增长的需求，促进汽车产业健康发展，特制定汽车产业发展政策。通过本政策的实施，使我国汽车产业在2010年前发展成为国民经济的支柱产业，为实现全面建设小康社会的目标做出更大的贡献。     

政府在产业集群形成和发展过程中的政策作用及其启示

产业集群是自产业集群效益显现以来各级政府重点关注的区域经济发展问题,也是理论界探讨的热点。文章主要是从理论上梳理了政府在产业集群形成和发展过程中政策的类型和作用,并得出了几点启示。     

我国汽车产业政策制定与实施中的三个认识问题

从20世纪80年代开始,政府有关部门就零星出台了加快工业发展的"通知"或"文件"。但直到1994年,国务院才发布了比较系统的《汽车工业     

产业竞争力、产业生态环境及其对汽车产业发展的启示

本文描述了产业竞争力与产业生态环境之间的关系,揭示了这一关系背后隐藏的内在必然联系,提炼了这一关系的政策含义,并以汽车产业竞争力和生态环境质量提升为切入点进行分析,以期为我国汽车产业发展战略、汽车产业政策制定提供理论依据.     

国外汽车使用的摩擦材料及其发展

根据摩擦材料的概念与功用,概述了国外汽车使用的摩擦材料的技术要求、发展变迁、材料分类和结构特点以及生产工艺,同时指出了国外车用摩擦材料工业的发展趋势.     

国际标准认证与汽车产业

ISO是国际标准化组织的英文简称，成立于1947年，目前已经制订了多项标准，多数是技术性标准。     

The role of networking and commitment in foreign market entry process: Multinational corporations in the Chinese automobile industry

This study addresses the role of business networking and commitment to local market when MNCs enter an emerging market. We investigate the reasons for variations in the speed of MNCs’ foreign market entry. Particularly, we examine whether MNCs’ networking with the key local actors facilitates MNCs’ entry and whether learning and commitment in the context of networking affects the speed of MNCs’ entry process in the Chinese automobile market. The study is based on the experiences of three MNCs, a U.S.-based firm, a European firm, and a Korean firm. Data is collected through in-depth interviews and through secondary sources related to the entry process of these cases. The cases illustrate that speed of foreign market entry is significantly influenced by business networking between MNCs and the key business and socio-political actors, since different types of business networking determine the level of learning and commitment. Our cases also show that the effects of business networking generated during the initial foreign market entry by the MNC may be different than those during sequential entries.     

Multinational enterprise strategy,foreign direct investment and economic development: the case of the Hungarian banking industry

This paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Hungarian economy in the period of post-Communist transition since 1989. Hungary took a quite aggressive approach in welcoming foreign investment during this period and as a result had the highest per capita FDI in the region as of 2001. We discuss the impact of FDI in terms of strategic intent, i.e., market serving and resource seeking FDI. The effect of these two kinds of FDI is contrasted by examining the impact of resource seeking FDI in manufacturing sectors and market serving FDI in service industries. In the case of transition economies, we argue that due to the strategic intent, resource seeking FDI can imply a short-term impact on economic development whereas market serving FDI strategically implies a long-term presence with increased benefits for the economic development of a transition economy. Our focus is that of market serving FDI in the Hungarian banking sector, which has brought improved service and products to multinational and Hungarian firms. This has been accompanied by the introduction of innovative financial products to the Hungarian consumer, in particular consumer credit including mortgage financing. However, the latter remains an underserved segment with much growth potential. For public policy in Hungary and other transition economies, we conclude that policymakers should consider the strategic intent of FDI in order to maximize its benefits in their economies.     

Assessing the effect of government surveillance on firm supererogation: The case of the U.S. automobile industry

This study builds on prior research investigating the antecedents of firm supererogation. Examining vehicle recalls in the U.S. automobile industry from 1966 to 2010 reveals that surveillance‐based government enforcement programs can have widespread industry effects on a specific type of supererogatory action, firm volunteerism. Specifically, increases in government surveillance are associated with firms going beyond what is legally required of them by initiating voluntary product recalls for defects not covered in existing government regulation. Such effects are shown to be unique among surveillance efforts as other government enforcement activities, such as standards‐based regulation, are revealed to have a negative association with firm supererogation.     

Institutional activism in the early American automobile industry

A common proposition is that new industries gain constitutive legitimacy through claim making by institutional activists. Yet, neoinstitutional research seldom analyzes the effects of claim making on the formation of new organizations, and how the effect of claim making is moderated by other sources of constitutive legitimacy: advertising, legal recognition, and a policy regime favorable to business. I explore the relationship between claim making by activists and new organization building in a study of the early American automobile industry, when auto clubs organized reliability contests to validate the automobile. The results show that the visibility of reliability contests within the focal state increased foundings of car firms in the state, but that this effect diminished with advertising, legal recognition of the car, and the existence of a business friendly governor in the focal state. Taken together, these results demonstrate that claim making is crucial in the early phase of gaining legitimacy for new industries.     

外贸环境恶化，服装业如何绝处求生？

近来,对于很多依靠出口为主要利益来源的服装企业来说,是一段寒冰期。2007年以来,全球经济中心美国深陷次级债危机,在全世界范围内引起了一系列连锁反应,美国经济衰退,国内需求下降,美元疲软直接逼迫人民币对应升值,这些都直接导致中国的出口行业陷入“外忧”的困境,制造业首当其冲,服装业也在此列。另外,2007年7月1日起国家将服装行业的退税率由原来的13％下调至11％,国内服装业面临更大的压力,一些仅依靠国家的退税点维持经营的中小服装企业的发展举步维艰。     

世界企业社会责任管理五个阶段的演变与启示

世界企业社会责任管理经历了什么样的阶段？对中国有什么启示？能为中国企业社会责任的发展提供历史的参照吗？作者通过对世界企业社会责任发展的五个阶段的分析,透视了企业社会责任发展的过去和未来,提出了＂基于综合价值创造的全面社会责任管理,归根结底是为了呼唤人的全面发展,适应人的全面发展,推动人的全面发展＂的观点,为＂什么是伟大的企业＂提供了全新的注解。     

Brand personality and its outcomes in the Chinese automobile industry

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between ‘brand personality’ and key outcomes in the Chinese automobile industry. A secondary aim of the study is to look at whether or not these relationships hold across purchasers and non-purchasers. The major conclusion is that while brand personality dimensions are somewhat consistent across both purchasers and non-purchasers, the brand personality outcomes differ somewhat between the groups. First, brand personality plays a critical role in improving perceived quality and creating brand trust, a key finding given the intensely competitive nature of the Chinese automobile industry. Second, perceived quality plays an important role in mediating the relationship between brand personality and brand commitment for both groups. Third, perceived quality does not affect brand trust for the purchaser group. In the context of Chinese automobile industry, increasing the level of perceived quality of a particular brand requires convincing non-purchasers that the brand is valuable, and that the information being provided is useful. Fourth, since the relationship between perceived quality and brand trust was found to be non-significant, future research studies may wish to focus on obtaining a better understanding of Chinese cultural perspectives to shed further light on why perceived quality and brand trust are not related for the automobile purchaser group.