印刷从业者如何成为财富的主人

财富的积累意味着社会的进步、企业的发展.实践证明,只有用与时俱进的创新理念,才能在勤劳致富的基础上更快、更多地创造财富.纵观印刷业的发展,财富的积累无不与观念更新、诚信经营、注重无形资产及重视人才等方面有关.     

规制承诺不确定条件下的电网投资效应及其政策设计

本文研究规制政策不确定条件下电网投资效应问题。通过对投资回报率规制政策下规制机构与电网企业的完全信息博弈模型分析．得出了电网企业和规制机构分别限制投资和改变规制政策或承诺的最优均衡解．从而得出了规制承诺或政策不确定条件下存在投资不足效应的结论。为了促进电网投资均衡，实现社会福利最大化，规制机构应该用效用函数重新定义投资均衡，将供求均衡状况因素引入投资回报率规制政策中．制定和执行弹性而可信的规制政策。     

不确定性下排污权交易的排污目标管理及最高限价制度研究

经济活动中存在大量的随机性,排污交易市场同样存在随机现象,因此,我们在考虑政策工具的选择时,必须在不确定性情况下进行才较为合理.本文建立了排放交易市场的分析模型,该模型避免了减排政策和许可证交易之间存在的时滞矛盾以及在制定减排政策时存在的与未来无约束排放有关的不确定性问题.模型的目的是分析不同政策在设计排污交易市场时的作用.分析者通过设定两个主要政策参数:排放目标和交易最高限制价格,强调降低污染物排放的政府规制作用.研究结果表明,这两个用于控制排放总量的政策参数最易受到某种非确定因素的影响,而这种不确定性主要来自于无约束的总量排放,而这种不确定性也使得两种参数在政策制定过程中具有互补作用.当不确定性较小,调整最高交易限制价被证实在控制污染物排放总量时是无效的,而当存在明显的不确定性时,设定排放目标对控制总量也是无效的.研究也发现,在目标控制和总量控制之间也存在着特殊的共性,即减少排放总量不受这种不确定性的影响.这个发现为我们在制定排污权交易市场相关政策提供了现实选择,而这个市场必须是能够实现每单位最大排放量和总量排放目标的最优组合结果.     

不确定性工期的工作流连续性仿真模型研究

文章基于循环网络仿真技术,提出不确定性工期条件下的工作流连续性仿真模型.不确定工期条件下的工作流连续性仿真模型应用面向对象仿真的方法,在仿真模型中引入滞后缓冲节点以使工作流的最早开始时间延迟至指定的滞后缓冲值.模型验证表明,基于循环网络的工作流仿真模型,有效地降低了工作流的直接成本和闲置时间,提高了工作流的连续性,使得施工项目工期-成本-连续性权衡最优.     

Investment under Demand Uncertainty,Ex-Ante Pricing,and Oligopoly

This paper considers the capacity choice of duopolists who set price ex-ante under demand uncertainty with risk-neutrality. The duopolists compete for market shares on the basis of availability of supply, rather than by price competition. Collusive pricing coexists with Cournot–Nash capacity choice. A formal model is presented, where the market share of each firm may deviate from the certainty share due to rationing. With shares reflecting different costs, capacity utilisation for the lower cost firm is expected to be substantially lower. The implications for the price-cost margin and capacity formation are also explored.     

Interfirm Innovation under Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence for Strategic Knowledge Partitioning*

This paper analyzes how uncertainty and life‐cycle effects condition the knowledge boundary between assemblers and suppliers in interfirm product development. Patents associated with automotive emission control technologies for both assemblers and suppliers are categorized as architectural or component innovations, and technology‐forcing regulations imposed by the government on the auto industry from 1970 to 1998 are used to define periods of high and low uncertainty. Results confirm that suppliers dominate component innovation whereas assemblers lead on architectural innovation. More importantly, when facing uncertainty firms adjust their knowledge boundary by increasing the knowledge overlap with their supply‐chain collaborators. Suppliers clearly expand their knowledge base relatively more into architectural knowledge during such periods. But assemblers' greater emphasis on component innovation in periods of greater uncertainty is only true as a relative deviation from an overall trend toward increasing component innovation over time. This trend results from an observed life‐cycle effect, whereby architectural innovation dominates before the emergence of a dominant design, with component innovation taking the lead afterward. Thus, for assemblers life‐cycle effects may dominate over task uncertainty in determining relative effort in component versus architectural innovation. This work extends research on strategic interfirm knowledge partitioning as well as on the information‐processing view of product development. First, it provides a large‐scale empirical justification for the claim that firms' knowledge boundaries need to extend beyond their task boundaries. Further, it implies that overlaps in knowledge domains between an assembler and suppliers are particularly important for projects involving new technologies. Second, it offers a dynamic view of knowledge partitioning, showing how architectural knowledge prevails in the early phase of the product life cycle whereas component knowledge dominates the later stages. Yet the importance of life‐cycle effects versus task uncertainty in conditioning knowledge boundaries is different for assemblers and suppliers, with the former dominating for assemblers and the latter more influential for suppliers. Finally, it supports the idea that architectural and component knowledge are critical elements in the alignment of cognitive frameworks between assemblers and suppliers and thus are key for information‐exchange effectiveness and resolution of task uncertainties in interfirm innovation.     

关于不确定情况下净现值投资评价指标的探讨

文章对在不确定性情况下净现值（NPV）投资评价指标的有效性进行了探讨，提出在运用该指标评价项目时必须要考虑到风险的大小对项目决策的影响，并根据投资项目的统计特征。阐述了在此情况下该指标的计算。最后以实例进一步说明该计算方法的有效性。从而使项目的投资决策更为科学合理。     

Marching to Different Tunes: Commitment and Culture as Mobilizing Mechanisms of Trade Unions and Community Organizations

This study examines mobilizing mechanisms using a British community organization and a British trade union as exemplars. Although there has been substantial work on union revitalization on the one hand, and the emergence of alternative, community organizations on the other, no study has compared the challenges these organizations face in encouraging member mobilization. The findings illustrate how the trade union engages in a service‐driven culture, cultivating instrumental commitment between the members and the union. The community organization, in contrast, engages in a relational culture and exemplifies a form of social commitment between the members and the group. As a result, different types of commitment and organizational cultures help explain why sustained member mobilization within a trade union is harder to achieve than within a community organization.     

金融危机下国际大石油公司生产经营状况及应对策略

2008年下半年以来,全球金融危机蔓延,实体经济陷入衰退,国际大石油公司的生产经营受到较大冲击。在此背景下,国际大石油公司采取措施,积极应对金融危机带来的挑战：不断加大市场营销力度,努力保持生产经营平稳运行;严格控制投资规模、优化投资结构、把握投资节奏,保持公司的回报水平和流动性;严格控制成本,努力保持和扩大盈利空间;调整资本结构和债务结构,保持财务灵活性,有效控制财务风险。金融危机并没有改变国际大石油公司的发展理念,突出体现在以下几个方面：继续坚持可持续发展理念,为未来增长夯实基础;坚持价值理念,严格投资管理;坚持集约发展理念,加大业务结构调整和资产整合力度,进一步突出油气核心业务;坚持技术领先理念,保持和增强竞争优势。     

舌下神经鞘瘤误诊为慢性颌下腺炎的思考

颌下区包块术前诊断误差率较高,但舌神经鞘瘤发生于"颌下三角区"而被误诊为慢性颌下腺炎者很少见,笔者收治一例,现报告如下:     

煤炭消费减速背景下煤炭企业发展战略研究——以山西省为例

目前全国在建煤炭产能14亿t,按照规划,2012—2014年年均投产规模应为5亿t左右,实际上2012—2013年平均每年产量只增长1亿t左右。2013年,我国煤炭产量增速仍继续下滑,同比回落1.4个百分点。试图用战略管理的基本工具分析我国煤炭大省——山西省煤炭企业面临的市场环境,同时提出该省煤炭企业相应的发展战略,即相关多元化战略和并购整合战略,希望对煤炭企业的发展具有借鉴意义。     

供给侧改革背景下产业结构优化升级路径研究——以新疆为例

拉动经济增长的三驾马车消费、投资、进出口已经在改革开放的40年来带动我国经济快速增长,目前,经济已转入新常态下,产业结构需要调整。在供给侧改革的条件下产业结构不断调整已成为经济目标新的增长点。本文首先对供给侧以及产业结构理论做出前期铺垫,然后分析了新疆产业结构的现状,最后提出供给侧改革背景下新疆产业结构优化升级的路径选择。     

复杂地质条件下边坡偏心跟管钻孔费用分析——以某蓄能电站为例

针对水电工程深厚覆盖层堆积体边坡的复杂地质条件,传统钻孔工艺成孔不易成型,易塌陷,钻孔进尺效率低的问题,常采用偏心跟管钻孔工艺钻孔,但其单价编制水电工程无可参考的定额子目,造成建设单位无法准确确定跟管钻孔的费用,影响建设单位的投资决策。本文通过对偏心跟管钻孔施工工艺进行分析,以某蓄能电站边坡为实例,通过实测人材机耗量计算偏心跟管钻孔的费用,并与类似行业跟管钻孔单价进行对比分析,旨在今后为建设单位合理确定跟管钻孔费用提供参考与借鉴。     

信息化环境下采购与付款业务内部控制优化探析——以XS股份为例

信息系统的使用一方面改变了企业的业务流程,另一方面也改变了企业的内部控制环境。如何对新环境下的内部控制制度进行优化,使其与信息化平台尽快对接融合已成为迫在眉睫的问题。本文以XS股份采购与付款业务为例,提出了信息化环境下内部控制优化的步骤。     

乡村振兴战略背景下金融服务助力乡村建设的路径探究——以山东鄄城县为例

2019年1月3日国务院发布了坚持优先发展做好"三农"工作的若干意见。现在是全面建成小康的决胜期,所以解决三农问题已是当今社会的热点,金融系统作为我国经济的核心,支持国家解决三农问题是金融体系迫在眉睫任务。2019年2月11日中国人民银行、银保监会、证监会、财政部、农业农村部五部门应十九大号召联合发布《关于金融服务乡村振兴的指导意见》。金融是经济的核心,所以高效的金融服务势必会对实现乡村振兴提供巨大的推动力。服务乡村振兴不仅是政治责任和社会责任,也是难得的历史性发展机遇,各地金融机构应根据当地政府乡村振兴实施路径而提供相应的金融支持,充分发挥金融市场的资源配置的作用,加快实现乡村振兴目标的速度。