发展福利彩票事业推动经济社会协调发展

随着近年来国民经济的快速增长,福利彩票以其独特的筹资功能及发展速度,对我国的社会福利事业作出了很大贡献,在安排弱势群体就业、调节社会和谐方面起着不可忽视的作用,并已成为我国社会主义市场经济的有益补充。福利彩票是以人为本的公益事业,它的发展受经济社会环境制约,是推动经济社会协调发展的原动力。     

基于熵值法的安徽省地区环境友好度分析

依据2011年数据,研究安徽省各地市环境友好度,并进行排序。结果是各地市环境友好程度参差不齐,池州市、宣城市、安庆市等地区环境友好度综合测评值显著高于淮南市、淮北市等地。淮南市、淮北市均是以煤炭为主体兼有其它多种矿产资源的城市,同时淮北市水资源又相对短缺,由于煤炭矿产资源的大量开发,造成城市生态环境恶化。而池州市、宣城市在安徽省内虽不是经济强市,但生态环境良好,经济与人口、环境协调发展。为改善各地环境友好状况,促进安徽省各地市环境友好型社会建设,应优化政府在"环境友好型社会"建设中的各种职能,优化产业结构,促进形成产业集群,促进环境税制改革,强化公众环保意识,使公众为建设环境友好型社会做出贡献。     

基本公共服务体制变迁与制度创新——惠及13亿人的基本公共服务

经过30年的改革发展,我国正由生存型向发展型社会过渡,全社会公共需求快速增长同基本公共产品短缺、公共服务不到位成为阶段性突出矛盾。当前,贯彻落实党的十七大报告精神,加快制度创新,逐步建立适合我国国情的基本公共服务体制,推进基本公共服务均等化,增强政府提供基本公共服务能力,已成为我国共建共享和谐社会的重大任务。本文从新阶段基本公共服务制度的现实需求出发,结合改革开放30年中基本公共服务制度变迁的实际进程,对基本公共服务城乡、地区、不同社会群体之间的差距进行了系统的评估,并提出了新阶段基本公共服务制度创新的相关对策和建议。     

Science and ethical investment

The article explores the relationship between science and ethical investment, which is often concerned with the application of science and technology through commercial organisations. The article considers the contribution that scientific understanding makes to ethical investment, and the way in which ethical investment can improve the public perception of science. It then goes on to consider the historical relationship between science and society and the lessons that might be learnt from scientific study in developing a methodology for ethical investment. The conclusion reached is that scientific understanding provides the bedrock for many of the concerns which arise in ethical investment, as well as providing an indication of the nature of the research involved.     

Public export credit insurance in the Netherlands: An input–output approach

This study assesses the contribution of the Dutch public export credit insurance facility (ECIF) to Dutch GDP and employment. Unlike previous studies concerning export credit insurance, which generally adopt the gravity model of trade, we adopt an input–output approach. The results show that the contribution of economic activity insured by the public ECIF to GDP averages 0.24% annually. This concerns value added generated both by exporters and by their domestic suppliers in the value chain. The contribution to employment shows an average of 0.27%, accumulating to 95,000 jobs (FTE) over 5 years. The estimated contribution of the public ECIF to the Dutch economy should be considered an upper boundary of its true contribution. Therefore, we examine the extent to which the above economic gains would be realised if the facility was unavailable using highly disaggregated trade data. The basic idea is that if certain products are only exported to certain destinations with the aid of the public ECIF, then this indicates a high degree of additionality. The inconclusiveness of our results underlines the difficulties in assessing the degree of additionality.     

和谐社会经济制度基础研究述评

近年来，学术界围绕着建设社会主义和谐社会经济制度基础的必要性、可能性扣基本内容等进行了深入的探讨。总的来说，我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会的经济制度基础应包括市场经济制度、社会保障制度、收入分配制度、劳动就业制度、公共财政制度、经济法律制度、经济伦理制度，甚至包括金融制度和税收制度等。所有这些制度之间构成了一种良性的逻辑互动关系，和谐社会经济制度基础是和谐经济与经济和谐之间、和谐社会的经济制度和制度化的和谐社会之间的逻辑互动。     

Does Heterogeneity Help in Overcoming the Public Goods Dilemma in a Sequential Contribution Environment?

This paper compares behavior of heterogeneous groups with homogeneous groups in public goods production. In heterogeneous groups members differ in their opportunity costs of contribution, while in homogeneous groups, members have the same opportunity costs. Members of three-player groups sequentially make all-or-nothing contributions towards the production of a public good where contribution decisions, payoffs, and opportunity costs of preceding players in the group are known to each group member. We find that heterogeneous groups perform better than homogeneous groups controlling for average opportunity costs at the group level. Our results also indicate that subjects develop an endogenous contribution norm to sustain public goods production where subjects in the first positions, and subjects with relatively low opportunity costs contribute most often.     

社会认可、政府补贴与促进准公共物品私人供给

政府可以补贴公共物品,也可以直接成为公共物品的提供者。假定私人的社会捐助行为能够得到社会的认可,社会的自发均衡可能在政府的作用下发生改变,得出政府在促进准公共物品私人供给中的作用既可以是通过补贴的方式,也可以通过提供正确舆论导向的方式增强社会责任感。     

我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的发展现状及实现途径

目前,城乡基本公共服务不均等已经成为制约我国经济社会协调发展的瓶颈因素。分析城乡基本公共服务不均等的现状及成因,从体制、机制层面提出政策建议,对于推进基本公共服务均等化、构建和谐社会具有重要的理论及现实指导意义。     

对残疾人均等享有公共服务的解读

对残疾人均等享有公共服务如何解读,是推进残痰人事业的基本标志与评判标准。在社会转型期,残疾人作为社会的成员同样享有基本生存权、基本健康权、基本精神权与基本发展权,他们对公共服务的需求日益多样化与多层次化。但在现实生活中,残疾人公共服务的缺失日益凸显。在明确残疾与残障、预防与康复、机会均等与公共服务均等化的前提下,了解残痰人公共服务的需求与缺失．把残疾人公共服务的发展方向明确定位为均等享有。其中,残疾人机会均等的条件、标准、规则是发展残疚人公共服务的关键因素。     

中国转型时期公共政策决策的走向分析

我国20多年来经济社会发生了深刻的变革，目前，中国正处在一个经济与社会同步转轨的重要阶段，公共决策作为一切行为的先导，其正确与否直接关系到整个国家的发展。现阶段我国应通过对公共决策含义的分析，分别从决策的原则性和具体方面进行展望，从而明确中国转型时期公共政策决策的政策走向。     

关爱女孩行动的社会背景及其公共管理学分析

关爱女孩行动旨在扭转重男轻女的传统观念 ,消除性别歧视 ,以期实现全社会性别平等的发展目标。作为公共管理的一项重要任务 ,这一行动也体现了我国政府履行人口发展战略和对人口问题综合治理的政府职责。从这一行动的社会背景及其公共事务性质 ,及当前主要的公共管理解决措施方面开展了问题的分析和探讨。     

以“社会共同需要”为核心概念构建财政学理论框架体系——关于社会共同需要财政理论的文献研究

何振一教授创立的"社会共同需要"财政理论的基本观点是把"社会共同需要"作为财政的本源。本文提出,应当把"社会共同需要"作为财政理论的核心概念,并且认为"社会共同需要"是贯穿整个财政理论体系的中枢。本文认为,只有把"社会共同需要"作为财政理论的核心概念,并且从"社会共同需要"出发,才能解决目前正在困扰我国财政理论建设的几个重大问题。这些问题包括:如何处理马克思主义基本原理与现代财政理论发展之间的关系;如何把现代西方财政理论与中国的财政实践相结合,形成具有中国本土特色的财政理论;如何理解和解释全球化条件下财政学的研究领域由传统的主权国家政府及其公共部门的财政活动拓展为跨越主权国家的、具有全球化特征的全球性财政活动现象等。本文对这些问题给出了相关解释。     

从“旭日阳刚”的走红来看我国社会保障体系制度的建立与完善

我国正在建立健全的完善公平的社会保障体系制度。是确保社会公平与正义、缩小贫富差距过大,建立和谐社会的需要。当前,就我国的现实情况看,建立健全完善公平的社会保障制度。必须积极稳妥地推进户籍制度改革,消除城乡二元户籍结构,促进公民广泛就业;必须在进一步完善国有企业和事业单位、政府机关社会保障体系的同时,对非公经济成分的职工也要尽快建立健全完善公平的社会保障体系,让全体公民共丰改革开放成果。只有这样,才能保证整个社会公民在市场经济中公平相处,也才能为我国经济社会更快更好发展提供保证。     

How Can Business Ethics Strengthen the Social Cohesion of a Society?

The essay aims to show how business ethics—understood as a three-level approach—can strengthen the social cohesion of a society, which is jeopardized today in many ways. In the first part, the purpose of business and the economy is explained as the creation of wealth defined as a combination of private and public wealth that includes natural, economic, human, and social capital. Special emphasis is placed on the implications of the creation of public wealth which requires institutions other than the market and motivations other than self-regarding ones. In the second part, the question of what holds a society together is discussed through different approaches: enlightened self-interest, a new game-theoretical approach, and the concept of the common good advanced by Catholic Social Teaching, followed by my own proposal. The third part presents several perspectives for business ethics to strengthen social cohesion of a society (a) by focusing on the purpose of business and the economy to create natural, economic, human, and social capital; (b) by advancing public goods that stand the test of ethical scrutiny; and (c) by securing human rights conceptualized as public goods.     

统筹城乡发展中的农村公共产品供给研究

近年来农村公共产品供给规模和结构有明显改善,但仍滞后于农民的现实需求,城乡之间供给水平还存在一定的差距,农村公共产品长期供给不足和滞后,已经在一定程度上动摇了农村进一步发展的基础。构建和谐社会,首先要实现社会公平,协调好城乡关系。解决农民减负增收的问题,关键在于实行城乡平等的公共政策,统筹城乡公共资源分配,改善农村公共产品的供给,为此,需要在界定供给主体的基础上对农村公共产品供给制度进行改革创新。     

百年诺贝尔化学奖述评

概述了百年来化学领域中获得的诺贝尔奖及其对社会发展所做的贡献.     

论非公有制经济在构建社会主义和谐社会中的地位

构建社会主义和谐社会,从宏观上看,是社会经济基础和上层建筑之间的和谐。而经济基础本身则依赖于各种不同经济成分之间的和谐。以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展的社会主义基本经济制度就是强调经济基础的和谐。按照这样的理念,发展非公有制经济,可以激发民众创业的热情和积极性,把消费资金转变为生产资金,吸纳更多的劳动力就业,创造更多的劳动就业机会,并进一步扩大中等收入阶层的比重,促进社会稳定和持久的繁荣,实现共同富裕的社会主义本质。因此,非公有制经济的发展对构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的意义和价值。     

政府支出结构调整:国际经验及对我国的启示

政府在一国经济、社会发展中扮演重要角色,政府支出是实现其基本职能和发展战略的重要工具,政府支出结构的合理安排和适时调整是政府执政能力以及驾驭社会和谐发展能力的重要体现。对于在改革中求发展,在发展中推进改革的我国政府而言,把握政府支出结构调整的一般规律具有很强的理论和现实意义。利用世界银行提供的一组财政支出跨国数据,结合我国改革开放以来财政支出的结构变迁,本文从国际发展经验中抽象出一些能够为我所用的基本规律,希望能为我国的政府职能转换和政府支出结构调整提供一些有益的经验性认识。     

The Benefit Corporation and Corporate Social Responsibility

In the wake of the most recent financial crisis, corporations have been criticized as being self-interested and unmindful of their relationship to society. Indeed, the blame is sometimes placed on the corporate legal form, which can exacerbate the tension between duties to shareholders and interests of stakeholders. In comparison, the Benefit Corporation (BC) is a new legal business entity that is obligated to pursue public benefit in addition to the responsibility to return profits to shareholders. It is legally a for-profit, socially obligated, corporate form of business, with all the traditional corporate characteristics combined with societal responsibilities. Considering the history and perception of shareholder primacy in United States law, it is argued that this new business structure is an ethical step toward empowering socially committed commercial entities. The contribution of this research is to provide a fundamental base of knowledge about the new legal form of business, the BC, upon which further study may rely. First, the legal history of the corporation is briefly reviewed in order to provide context to the relationship of the corporate form to society, including exploration of the premise that shareholder wealth maximization is its best and only purpose. Second, the BC is described in detail, and state statutes are compared. Third, the BC is placed within the context of corporate social responsibility. Finally, opportunities for future research are discussed.