Louis F. Post and the Single Tax Movement, 1872–98

Abstract . The career of Louis F. Post (1849–1928), upon his return to New York following a stint as a Carpetbagger in South Carolina, became, for a time, that of publicist. Post first attempted to break into regular Republican politics, then turned to Journalism on the staff of the New York Truth, and finally was converted to the Single Tax philosophy of Henry George in the early 1880s. Thereafter, Post became George's closest confidante and labored hard as a writer, lecturer, and political organizer to elect George and others to make the Single Tax a reality (1). The author's sources include Post's unpublished autobiography, the files of The Public, The Standard and the Cleveland Recorder, as well as material from the Henry George Collection in the New York Public Library.     

The Single Tax Movement and Progressivism, 1880-1920*

Abstract . Henry George's Single Tax movement and the Progressive movement in the United States were inter-related. After the publication of Progress and Poverty a political movement developed around George. It failed, partly because George was a poor politician although he had proved a master-publicist, partly because he aroused a formidable opposition. Nevertheless the single taxers did contribute to progressive reform a specific plan for manipulating the environment in a Social Darwinistic way. George's philosophy also rejected socialism in favor of a reformed and purified capitalism—perhaps the most important theme in 20th century reform thought in America. Moreover, the Single Tax movement contributed to the democratic reform movement such leaders as Tom L. Johnson, Brand Whitlock, Louis F. Post, Frederic C. Howe, George L. Record, Newton D. Baker and Franklin K. Lane.     

The Nevada Water Law of 1913: A Populist Response to Progressivism

During the latter half of the 19^th century, Americans who settled the arid West needed to compromise with their populist notions of individualism derived from the Jeffersonian ethic of the early 19^th century and adopt progressive communitarian practices in order to provide water by means of irrigation. The struggle to deal with water rights in Nevada, culminating in passage of the Nevada Water Law of 1913, particularly illustrated this conflict between individualism and communitarianism.     

From resource munificence to ecosystem integration: the case of government sponsorship in St. Louis

Government sponsorship of entrepreneurship has become a popular policy tool in the last 15 years. Despite this popularity, past academic studies have largely focused on firm-level survival rates and treated the effects of government sponsorship in isolation, which fails to capture the full effect of the sponsorship. That is, the objectives of the public sector include enhancing the macro-level entrepreneurial environment of the region as well as the success of individual firms. We expand research in this area through a case study in St. Louis, Missouri. We focus on the Arch Grants, a public–private coalition that provides $50,000 to 20 winners through their annual competition. Based on interviews of 46 recipient firms and 15 support organizations, we first demonstrate how government sponsorship can create a cohort of entrepreneurs who are able to learn from each other about business strategy, local mentors and other resources. Second, we uncover the process through which sponsorship can facilitate coordination among local entrepreneurship support organizations. Thus, we conclude that the evaluation of government sponsorship should go beyond the traditional firm-level performance measurement and consider the integration and enhancement of the local entrepreneurship ecosystem.     

The Single Tax in Montreal and Toronto, 1880 to 1920: Successes, Failures and the Transformation of an Idea

A bstract . Interest in the Single Tax , an important response to the dilemmas of industrial capitalism , arose in Canada in the late nineteenth century as it had in other lands. Embracing an historical materialism tempered by an appreciation of cultural forces such as religion and ethnicity , the debates over this important tax proposal are charted and explained. While seeing tax policy and tax debates as reflective of social power, the transformation of the Single Tax project is traced from a form of social critique to an attempt to alter the municipal tax base. Awareness of the different class forces involved in the debate and of the different cultures of these two great metropoles into which it was introduced is maintained.     

Land Reform in Kiaochow, China: From 1898 to 1914 the Menace of Disastrous Land Speculation was Averted by Taxation

A bstract . Mistaken land policies in overseas possessions of the German Empire resulted in disastrous land peculation. The small German Land Reform League vainly petitioned the Chancellor for a rational colonial land policy. Von Wissman, East African Governor, stopped the selling of crown lands, ordering their leasing. The speculators and the press denounced him. But the League supported him and the Colonial Office distributed its periodical to leading officials. The articles reached the Navy Department and high officers were won to the cause of land reform. When Admiral von Diederichs occupied Kiaochow in 1898, he was determined, as was his superior. Admiral von Tirpitz , to prevent land speculation. The Kiaochow Land and Tax Statute , in force from 1898 to 1914, achieved their goal. Inspired by Henry George , it was written by Wilhelm Schrameier , a young colonial officer who became Imperial Commissioner.     

实施营改增 加快企业发展——以扬子江投资发展集团为例谈营改增改革对企业的影响

对建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业四大行业相关的"营改增"税收政策进行解读,重点了解营改增政策要点、不动产进项税额分期抵扣暂行办法等企业关注的税收政策,帮助企业及时准确地掌握最新的税收政策,积极引导企业用好税收政策,加快企业发展。     

从开发区到特色小镇:区域开发模式的新变化

改革开放以来,开发区以及各类新城、新区、特区已经成为拉动中国经济增长的主要力量,"开发区"体制也成为地方政府治理模式的重要组成部分。开发区模式创造了显著的经济绩效,但同样也面临土地供应、公共服务、廉政风险等多方面压力,随着中国经济调速换挡,开发区治理模式继续转型。浙江省"特色小镇"创建中的诸多做法则能够对于开发区治理模式中存在的困难与问题进行很好的回应,一定程度上是开发区治理模式在经济社会发展达到一定高度之后的突围转型,其经验可以作为未来开发区模式转型升级之借鉴。     

Henry George the Classical Model and Technological Change:*The Ignored Alternative to the Single Tax in Progress and Poverty

Abstract . Henry George's vision of land monopolization as the source of growing rentier income was compatible with all elements in the predominant Ricardian-Millian classical distribution model except the rent-reducing effects of technological change and Malthusian population growth as the catalyst underlying income distribution. Since George also rejected Malthusianism on ethical and philosophical grounds, his analysis focused on the autonomous nature of rent income with respect to population and technological change. George analyzed the distributive consequences of both increasing technology with constant population, and constant technology with increasing population. In the latter case, George, in an ultimate rejection of Malthusianism, demonstrated an optimistic increasing returns to scale of population growth. However, although capable, George never considered a logical extension of his analysis, namely, the dynamic case of changing population, technology, and increasing returns. This analysis would have contradicted his predictions of the trend in relative income shares and the uniqueness of the single tax as the solution to social and economic distress.     

从单一到多元 从制造到服务——鲁尔转型之路

作为曾经的世界城市,通过几十年的努力,鲁尔区成功实现了产业结构从单一到多元,从制造到服务的转型,从煤炭及钢铁制造中心转变为以传统工业为基础,高新技术产业为龙头,产业协调发展的多元化综合经济区。在转型过程中鲁尔区先后采用了再工业化和新工业化的产业结构调整战略,结合自身基础,采取了合理选择新的主导产业、体制创新等一系列措施。虽然鲁尔区在政府和体制环境等方面与中国的城市存在着许多差异,但其转型经验对中国城市的发展特别是老工业基地的改造和升级具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

基于价值网络理论的知识转化研究

知识经济时代，价值网络成为一种更为有效的价值创造方式。文章通过图示的方法，揭示了价值链与价值网络的关系。随后又进一步探讨了价值网络对知识管理的影响过程，通过价值网络对知识资源的更有效配置能力，打造企业的核心竞争力。     

纺织业发展战略探究——从资源优势到竞争优势

近年来,中国纺织工业高速发展,在国际市场的影响力持续提升。但是,我国纺织业主要还是利用充足的原料资源,廉价的劳动力资源优势来发展,并没有形成从纺织大国到纺织强国的转变。面对新的国际环境,如何采取有效措施构建新的竞争优势,就成为我国纺织业发展中的一个重大问题。     

Absentee Ownership of Farmland and State and Local Tax Policy: Income Tax Promotes Absenteeism, But the Property Tax Can Be Used to Strengthen Family Farms

Abstract . The incentive effects of state and local tax policies in promoting or inhibiting the ownership of farmland by non-operators are evaluated. Previous research on the economic, social and environmental effects of absentee ownership is reviewed as well as evidence regarding the impact of tax laws on absentee owners versus owner-operators. The Federal tax laws, it is found, work to increase land prices, reduce entry into farming by young farmers, and increase absentee ownership. State income tax policies may reinforce these effects. Property tax policies, on the other hand, may counteract income tax laws by giving tax relief preferentially to owner-operators. Several modifications of property tax relief programs are suggested.     

The role of fiscal policy in the St. Louis model: An evaluation and some new evidence

This paper re-examines the role of high employment budget expenditures (fiscal policy) in the St. Louis expenditure equation by using spectral analysis and the spectral estimates of a two-sided distributed lag model. The analysis is undertaken with quarterly U.S. data from 1947:1 to 1984:IV in the rate of change form. A salient conclusion is that fiscal policy has statistically significant partial coherences with (nominal) income, with the latter leading the former over the business cycle. We find that income is jointly related to lead terms of fiscal policy in a two-sided distributed lag model. Some explanations for these results are provided.