经济自由及其变动的增长效应-来自跨国经济增长面板数据的再检视

经济自由是市场经济的基础,是社会基础设施(Social Infra-structure)的核心内涵。经济自由的提升有利于提高存量资本的生产配置效率,并对国内外投资给出积极信号,推动经济增长。本文在新古典经济增长理论框架下,研究各国社会基础设施发展水平的不同及其转型动态,用近百个国家的增长面板数据验证经济自由水平及其提升的增长效应。此外,本文还用动态面板数据的GMM估计方法检验发现,经济自由是经济增长的Granger原因,而后者不是前者的Granger原因。该结论对发展中国家的经济发展政策具有指导意义。     

中国经济增长与收入差距关系的经验研究

经济增长与收入差距的关系是一个古老而又充满活力的问题。研究发现,尽管全国总量时序数据的Granger因果关系检验表明,中国的经济增长与收入差距不存在任何方向的因果关系,但以各省GDP增长率和城乡收入比为观测点的面板数据检验结果显示:不论是在短期还是在长期,收入差距的扩大都是引起经济增长的Granger原因;经济增长在短期会引起收入差距的扩大,但从长期看,有助于收入差距的缩小。     

交通基础设施、空间聚集与中国经济增长

中国的交通基础设施与经济增长表现出很强的空间聚集特征;经济增长与交通运输主要集中在东部沿海发达地区,并形成了由东往西逐步递减的梯度。交通基础设施与经济增长存在着长期稳定的均衡关系;交通基础设施对经济增长的弹性为0.0912,介于运用时间序列数据与面板数据得出的弹性值之间。交通基础设施与经济增长表现出单向的格兰杰因果关系,经济增长是交通基础设施发展的格兰杰原因;反之,则不然。     

基础设施对中国经济增长的影响及机制研究*——基于扩展的Barro增长模型

基础设施既可以作为特殊的资本存量直接促进经济增长，又可以通过促进投资和劳动力增加（增加生产要素数量）以及提高存量资本和劳动力的边际生产率（提高生产要素效率）间接促进经济增长。本文构建了一个扩展的Barro经济增长模型，并利用中国1992—2016年省级面板数据和中介效应模型对两条机制进行实证检验。结果发现：基础设施对经济增长具有促进作用，但对交通、能源、通信三类基础设施的影响以及在2008年金融危机前后均表现出异质性。直接效应呈动态上升趋势，中介效应则逐渐下降。针对异质性的原因，本文进一步采用非线性模型进行检验。结果表明我国基础设施对经济增长的促进作用主要表现为规模扩张型、数量型或外延型，而不是以质量型和内涵型为主的形式。能源和通信基础设施对经济增长的总效应具有规模效应，交通基础设施的规模效应不显著，但也对经济增长具有持续促进作用。这说明目前我国三类基础设施仍然具有较大投资潜力。其中的关键是要通过基础设施建设提高生产要素效率。     

城市基础设施与区域经济增长的关系研究——基于1997-2013年我国31个省份面板数据的实证分析

基于1997-2013年中国31个省份的面板数据,采用动态面板SYS-GMM和VAR模型实证研究了城市基础设施与区域经济增长之间的关系,结果表明:基础设施投资的空间分布是造成我国区域经济增长差异的原因;目前我国正处于基础设施与经济增长关系中倒"U"曲线中的上升阶段,但部分地区存在过度或集中投资的现象;通过脉冲响应函数分析得到:城市基础设施与经济增长两者之间在前期冲击效应波动较大,但长期影响趋于稳定。     

交通基础设施、空间聚集与中国经济增长

中国的交通基础设施与经济增长表现出很强的空间聚集特征;经济增长与交通运输主要集中在东部沿海发达地区,并形成了由东往西逐步递减的梯度。交通基础设施与经济增长存在着长期稳定的均衡关系;交通基础设施对经济增长的弹性为0．0912,介于运用时间序列数据与面板数据得出的弹性值之间。交通基础设施与经济增长表现出单向的格兰杰因果关系,经济增长是交通基础设施发展的格兰杰原因;反之,则不然。     

广州市财政收入与经济增长的实证研究

本文运用了计量经济学分析方法如单位根检验、协整检验及Granger因果检验等,对广州市1978-2012年财政收入与经济增长的数据进行分析处理,得出以下实证结论：广州市财政收入和经济增长二者之间存在长期均衡关系,且经济增长是财政收入增长的Granger原因,经济增长每增加1％,财政收入的增长率就提高0.703084％.     

中国交通基础设施与经济增长的区域比较分析

20世纪80年代以来,经济学家主要运用生产函数法,分别建立时间序列模型与面板数据模型对交通基础设施与经济增长的关系进行实证分析,利用前者所得的结论由于得出的交通基础设施弹性太大而并不可信,利用后者得出的结论又由于弹性过小而与现实情况相矛盾。文章通过对中国交通基础设施水平区域差异状况的分析以及交通基础设施水平与区域经济增长关系的面板数据研究,试图揭示交通基础设施水平与中国区域经济增长之间的关系,并讨论了交通先行在中部崛起中的作用。结论为:(1)中国的交通基础设施与经济增长表现出很强的空间聚集特征,经济增长与交通运输主要集中在东部沿海发达地区,并形成了由东往西逐步递减的梯度。(2)交通基础设施对经济增长的弹性值为0.0563~0.2058,介于早期学者运用时间序列数据与面板数据得出的弹性值之间,且此结论较为稳健。(3)从交通基础设施对经济增长贡献的区域差异来看,中部地区交通基础设施对经济增长的贡献最大,表明交通先行在中部崛起中起着重要的作用。     

非税收入对中国经济增长的作用——基于全国31个省区面板数据的实证

文章采用全国31个省区的面板数据实证研究了非税收入对我国经济增长的作用。研究表明,非税收入是经济增长的Granger原因,非税收入促进经济增长。然而,非税收入对经济增长的促进作用相对较小,加上非税收入体制、监管以及相应法律法规等方面存在一定问题,我国需要制定相应措施,进一步发挥非税收入对经济增长的作用。     

新型数字基础设施、空间溢出与经济增长

为探究新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响,本文首先将新型数字基础设施资本存量及其拥挤性纳入总量生产函数,构建动态一般均衡模型,从理论上探讨新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响;其次,对2002—2020年我国各省（市、区）的新型数字基础设施进行测算和分析;最后,构建静态面板数据模型和空间面板模型,实证检验新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响。结果表明,新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响呈现“倒U型”变化,新型数字基础设施对经济增长具有显著的空间溢出效应。求解“倒U型”顶点对应的最优基础设施资本存量占总资本存量的比例为48.60%,目前,我国所有省（市、区）均未达到48.60%,意味着加强新型数字基础设施建设将会促进本地区和其他地区经济增长。     

Property and Industrial Organization in Communist and Capitalist Nations

Endogenous growth theorists argue that certain equity-enhancing social institutions enhance growth. Despite the centrality of inequality in these approaches, there is no sense in which economic actors exercise power or collective action to create and maintain social norms and rules that are personally advantageous but socially costly. This despite the work of neoclassical economists on rent-seeking, which posits that efforts to claim unearned revenues can pose significant costs for growth. The question of the impact of gender equity on economic growth is an instructive context for understanding these contradictions. Even though gender practices are inherently about the exercise of power, that they have become a feature of the neoclassical growth literature alights on obvious tensions in the neoclassical institutionalist paradigm. By incorporating insights from both the rent-seeking and feminist economics literatures, we will present analternative explanation of why gender hierarchies persist despite their obvious economic costs.     

Economic freedom and social capital

This article brings together two growing literatures, social capital and economic freedom, to examine whether economic freedom contributes to social capital. More specifically, using US state-level data from 1986 to 2004 and both OLS and System GMM dynamic panel estimation, we find that there is no clear trade-off between economic freedom and either the level or growth of social capital.     

Interest Rates and Wage Indexation

The growth effects of European economic and monetary intergration and the progress of

regional convergence across Europe depend on whether economic in Europe is consistent with a neoclassical or an endogenous growth model. Using annual data from the 1950-1992 period for each of 20 European economies, the paper finds that steady-state real growth rates are generally unaffected by changes in the investment rate, population growth, and government consumption, evidence consistent with neoclassical growth theories. This Strengthens the likelihood of regional (perhaps conditional) convergence, and suggests that the effects of greater monetary and economic unification will be in terms of higher incomes per capita, but not in terms of permanently higher growth rates.[O40,F43]     

Dynamic relationships between oil revenues,government spending and economic growth in an oil-dependent economy

The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the dynamic relationships between oil revenues, government spending and economic growth in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Oil revenues are the main source of financing government expenditures and imports of good and services. Increasing oil prices in the recent years have boosted public expenditures on social and economic infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate whether the huge government spending has enhanced the pace of economic growth or not. To this end, we use a multivariate cointegration analysis and error-correction model and data for 1960–2010. Overall results suggest that oil revenues remain the principal source for growth and the main channel which finance the government spending.     

Competing Models of Socially Constructed Economic Man: Differentiating Defoe's Crusoe from the Robinson of Neoclassical Economics

Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe has seldom been read as an explicitly political text. When it has, it appears that the central character was designed to warn the early eighteenth-century reader against political challenges to the existing economic order. Insofar as Defoe's Crusoe stands for ‘economic man’, he is a reflection of historically produced assumptions about the need for social conformity, not the embodiment of any genuinely essential economic characteristics. This insight is used to compare Defoe's conception of economic man with that of the neoclassical Robinson Crusoe economy. On the most important of the ostensibly generic principles espoused by neoclassical theorists, their ‘Robinson’ has no parallels with Defoe's Crusoe. Despite the shared name, two quite distinct social constructions serve two equally distinct pedagogical purposes. Defoe's Crusoe extols the virtues of passive middle-class sobriety for effective social organisation; the neoclassical Robinson champions the establishment of markets for the sake of productive efficiency.