治理结构与财务可持续增长

企业财务可持续增长作为一种优于增长不足或增长过度的理想增长状态,成为当今企业追求的目标.可持续增长率是指在不需要耗尽财务资源的情况下,公司销售增长所能达到的最大比率.已有的研究主要针对影响企业可持续增长率的财务因素,笔者则试图找出治理结构特征与财务可持续增长之间的关系,以拓宽财务可持续增长研究的途径,为管理层将治理结构向财务可持续增长方面调整提供现实意义.     

International Corporate Governance and Finance: Legal,Cultural and Political Explanations

We investigate the disparity and the determinants of investor protection around the world and their impact on financial market development. More specifically, we build on Williamson's (2000) new institutional economic model to explain this disparity using legal, political and cultural variables. In 2006, the World Bank established an index to measure the disparity of investor protection regulations across 81 emerging and developed countries. Our results confirm that combining classifications based on legal systems, cultures and polities is important in explaining the disparity of investor protection and market capitalization around the world. In particular, we show that the classical regression analysis is not well suited to approach this question because it gives mitigated results. However, the mediation analysis is more cohesive with our conceptual model: we confirmed an indirect effect through a path analysis involving investor protection as a mediator of the relationship between legal systems and culture on the one hand and stock market capitalization on the other hand. Nevertheless, the polity factor was shown to have only a direct effect on stock market capitalization.     

行为金融学与公司财务

在公司决策中，经理人和董事会成员需要识别公司价值最大化过程中的两个主要行为学阻碍，一个在公司内部，另一个在公司外部。     

Postmodern Corporate Finance

One of the core tenets of modern finance theory is that corporations create value by producing operating rates of return on capital that are greater than the cost of capital. “Postmodern” corporate finance, while reaffirming the importance of earning an adequate return on capital, also attempts to restore at least part of the traditional corporate emphasis on top-line growth that prevailed before the intense focus on returns by modern shareholder value advocates. One important reason for the heightened emphasis on growth in addition to returns is that most rate-of-return measures used by companies and investors are based on conservative accounting practices that make old assets look more profitable than new ones, thereby discouraging investments in growth. This article introduces a new return measure called “Gross Business Return” that, when evaluated against a Required Return framework that reflects the level of current stock prices, has a stronger correlation with how companies are valued by the stock market. Moreover, in reviewing historical returns over time for both the market and specific industries, the author's research suggests that the market appears to demand considerably lower current returns than those implied by traditional weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approaches. And to the extent corporate executives rely on WACC, they could be passing up valuable growth opportunities. To help evaluate tradeoffs between growth and return, the author introduces a cash-based measure of corporate economic profit called Residual Cash Earnings. Unlike most traditional return and economic profit measures, Residual Cash Earnings, when expressed as a percentage of sales, provides a way for corporate managers to identify growth opportunities that, while producing current returns lower than WACC, are likely to add value over a multi-year time horizon. These new measures and analytical tools are suitable for strategic planning, budgeting, resource allocation, performance measurement, and rewards. Consistent application of these principles across these management processes provides a framework for constantly rebalancing the emphasis on growth and return to adapt to changes in the economy, industry, and competitive landscape.     

Corporate Governance and Development

The literature shows that good corporate governance generallypays—for firms, for markets, and for countries. It isassociated with a lower cost of capital, higher returns on equity,greater efficiency, and more favorable treatment of all stakeholders,although the direction of causality is not always clear. Thelaw and finance literature has documented the important roleof institutions aimed at contractual and legal enforcement,including corporate governance, across countries. Using firm-leveldata, researchers have documented relationships between countries’corporate governance frameworks on the one hand and performance,valuation, the cost of capital, and access to external financingon the other. Given the benefits of good corporate governance,firms and countries should voluntarily reform more. Resistanceby entrenched owners and managers at the firm level and politicaleconomy factors at the level of markets and countries partlyexplain why they do not.      

Corporate Governance and Risk-Taking

Better investor protection could lead corporations to undertake riskier but value-enhancing investments. For example, better investor protection mitigates the taking of private benefits leading to excess risk-avoidance. Further, in better investor protection environments, stakeholders like creditors, labor groups, and the government are less effective in reducing corporate risk-taking for their self-interest. However, arguments can also be made for a negative relationship between investor protection and risk-taking. Using a cross-country panel and a U.S.-only sample, we find that corporate risk-taking and firm growth rates are positively related to the quality of investor protection.     

外部融资与企业成长关系的实证研究

在金融发达国家，外部融资对行业成长有明显促进作用。实证分析显示，我国企业要想获得更快、更好的发展，一方面要充分利用各种融资渠道，以便提高外部融资在总资产中的比重，另一方面要注意各种融资方式的合理搭配，防止因债务融资与权益融资之比过高而给企业今后的总资产增长带来不利影响。     

论公司的债权人治理

由于环境的变化和理论的发展,债权人的公司治理角色正在发生实质性的变化,它不但参与了公司治理,而且越来越成为未来公司治理结构的重要力量。本文在介绍债权人权利和债权人参与公司治理实践的基础上,对债权人公司治理的原因和治理效应进行了较深入的探讨。     

公司治理和企业价值研究最新进展

中国证监会、国家经贸委于2002年1月发布了<上市公司治理准则>,旨在规范上市公司治理结构.据统计,到2003年6月30日,沪深证券交易所的1250家上市公司中共有1244家配备了独立董事,可见公司治理的重要性已经受到广泛认同.然而令人感兴趣的是,这种改善公司治理的举措是否奏效?在中国的制度环境下,公司治理和企业价值之间到底存在着怎样的关系?     

Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts

I investigate whether corporate governance is associated with the level of agency conflicts in firms. I employ exploratory principal components analysis on 22 individual governance variables to obtain seven factors that represent the different dimensions of governance for a firm. I measure the level of agency conflicts in firms based on seven proxies for agency conflicts used in the literature. I find that firms with greater agency conflicts have better governance mechanisms in place, particularly those related to the board, audit committee, and auditor. I also find that the composition and functioning of the board, the independence of the auditor, and the equity‐based compensation of directors are significantly associated with firm performance, but primarily for firms with high agency conflicts. Overall, the results support the theory that the existence and role of various governance mechanisms in a firm are a function of the level of agency conflicts in the firm.     

MBO与公司治理

所有权的配制可以产生不同的公司治理模式,而不同的公司治理模式又会对企业的组织运转和经营效率产生重要的影响.当所有权的配制影响了公司的效率时,产权就有必要发生转移,让那些真正的企业家走上前台.MBO正是为这种产权的转移提供了可能,并由此产生了新的公司治理模式.     

股权结构与公司治理—对“一股独大”与股权多元化观点的评析

问题提出 “一股独大”一般指在上市公司股本结构中，某个股东能够绝对控制公司运作。这包括：占据51％以上的绝对控股份额；不占绝对控股地位，只是相对于其他股东股权比例高……     

公司治理与财务治理

我国上市公司治理结构存在着先天性的制度缺陷, 表现在委托代理关系的严重失衡。在完善公司治理的过程中, 应逐步理顺财务报表审计关系和独立董事制度引入中的代理关系, 强化财务治理, 以促使上市公司持续健康的向前发展。     

公司治理成本的构成与公司治理效率的最优化研究

任何经济体制与结构中的公司治理问题归根结底都在于在既定的公司治理环境及其变迁中获取最优化的公司治理效率。在公司治理收益目标给定的条件之下, 最优化公司治理效率的实现必须基于一套完备有效的公司治理机制, 以在支付必要的公司治理成本的同时最小化公司治理成本的总和。在我国转轨经济中, 公司治理效率的提高应该基于公司治理环境的整体优化以及在此之中的公司治理机制的逐步完善。     

论公司治理与会计控制

本文以委托代理理论、控制理论解释公司治理与会计控制之间的关系 ,提出公司治理机制是实施会计控制的基础。要在决策、激励、监督约束“三大机制”中整合会计组织结构、资金监控机制、会计与审计信息网络 ,将会计控制纳入到公司治理路径之上     

公司治理与会计稳健性——基于上市公司的实证研究

会计稳健性是财务报告的一个重要特征和惯例，已成为会计盈余的重要质量特征之一。本文运用basu（1997）模型，将会计稳健性定义为会计报告对坏消息的确认比好消息更及时，探讨了有关公司治理的几个重要因素对会计稳健性的影响。研究发现：在影响会计稳健性的治理因素中，银行借款比例与会计稳健性正相关，国家股比例与会计稳健性负相关，在国家股比例低的分组，会计稳健性较高。发行有B股的企业，会计稳健性与只有A股的企业没有显著差异。研究表明，会计稳健性作为会计报告质量的一种量度，随着会计制度和准则的国际接轨与完善，证券市场监管的加强，取得了一定成效，但是会计准则和会计制度不能保证会计报告的质量，尚需改革国内相关的制度背景，如公司治理、法律实施环境等。     

Corporate Governance and Acquirer Returns

We examine whether corporate governance mechanisms, especially the market for corporate control, affect the profitability of firm acquisitions. We find that acquirers with more antitakeover provisions experience significantly lower announcement‐period abnormal stock returns. This supports the hypothesis that managers at firms protected by more antitakeover provisions are less subject to the disciplinary power of the market for corporate control and thus are more likely to indulge in empire‐building acquisitions that destroy shareholder value. We also find that acquirers operating in more competitive industries or separating the positions of CEO and chairman of the board experience higher abnormal announcement returns.     

Bank Debt and Corporate Governance

In this paper, we investigate the disciplining role of banksand bank debt in the market for corporate control. We find thatrelationship bank lending intensity and bank client networkhave positive effects on the probability of a borrowing firmbecoming a target. This effect is enhanced in cases where thetarget and acquirer have a relationship with the same bank.Moreover, we utilize an experiment to show that the effectsof relationship bank lending intensity on takeover probabilityare not driven by endogeneity. Finally, we also investigatereasons motivating a bank's informational role in the marketfor corporate control.     

Trends in Corporate Governance

The popular press and scholarly studies have noted a number of trends in corporate governance. This article addresses, from a theoretical perspective, whether these trends are linked. And, if so, how? The article finds that a trend toward greater board diligence will lead, sometimes through subtle or indirect mechanisms, to trends toward more external candidates becoming CEO, shorter tenures for CEOs, more effort/less perquisite consumption by CEOs (even though such behavior is not directly monitored), and greater CEO compensation. An additional prediction is that, under plausible conditions, externally hired CEOs should have shorter tenures, on average, than internally hired CEOs.