基于Hedonic模型的上海住宅价格影响因素分析

房地产业是国民经济体系中的基础性、先导性行业,其运行质量直接影响到国民经济的健康发展.目前,国内关于房地产价格的研究多是从宏观经济视角出发的,而从微观视角出发的研究尤其是实证研究不多.本文从实证的角度出发,运用Hedonic模型,对影响上海住宅价格变动的因素做出分析.     

基于Hedonic模型的住宅租赁价格影响因素分析

收集了2009年广州市丽江花园130套房屋的月租金及其特征,运用Hedonic模型考察了住宅租金的微观影响因素,并拟合了该小区租金的Hedonic方程。这种方法在物业税税基评估以及通过租金参考价推算具体位置上的房屋租金可以得到运用。     

价格指数编制中的Hedonic质量调整方法研究

质量调整是价格指数构建中最重要的实践问题之一,它是决定价格指数精确性的关键问题,同时也是目前价格指数编制中最难以解决的问题.统计学家和经济学家提出了许多不同的质量调整方法,其中,Hedonic质量调整方法受到了广泛关注,越来越多的统计机构在编制价格指数时开始使用Hedonic质量调整方法.本文考察了Hedonic方法的理论框架和实施步骤,介绍了Hedonic方法在国外价格指数编制中的应用情况,从多个角度对Hedonicp方法进行了分析与讨论,并对Hedonic方法在中国的应用前景进行了探讨.     

楼巴服务对小区房屋价格的影响分析——基于广州市番禺区的经验

文章基于广州市番禺区房屋价格的Hedonic模型,评估楼巴服务对房屋价格的影响及验证楼巴服务是否能为开发商提供NPV(净现值)盈余。回归结果显示楼巴服务对房屋价格有显著正影响;保持其他房屋特征属性不变,新增一条楼巴线路可使小区房价上升大约2%。成本收益分析显示在具有一定住户数量的小区内,提供楼巴服务可以给开发商带来净现值盈余。     

长期贸易关系下劳动力成本对出口价格的影响——兼论专用性资产的调节效应

面对劳动力成本冲击,出口价格调整的幅度反映了长期贸易关系中双方对风险的承担、分担与转化程度.专用性资产既是连接贸易双方利益的纽带,又是平衡风险的杠杆.利用重复博弈的价格调整模型,采用2000-2015年上市公司出口微观层面数据,分析劳动力成本变动对剔除质量因素的出口价格的影响,并对出口企业投入的专用性资产的调节效应进行探究.研究发现:长期贸易关系中,劳动力成本变动导致出口产品价格同方向调整,但调整的幅度小于成本的变动,这表明劳动力成本上涨的压力是由双方共同承担的.专用性资产对出口价格变动幅度有正向调节效应.通过分样本研究发现,如果出口产品的契约依赖度相对较高、目的 国法治体系相对健全和采用加工贸易方式出口,当劳动力成本发生变动时,出口价格调整幅度更大,专用性资产的调节效应更显著.因此,发展长期稳定的贸易关系,科学运用并发挥专用性资产的优势,是企业转化成本压力的重要途径.     

国际大宗商品价格至中国上下游价格的时变传导效应*

本文采用国际大宗商品价格、中国国内总产出、货币政策变量和上下游价格数据，通过构建多个TVPVARSV模型考察了1997—2017年国际大宗商品价格向中国上下游价格的时变传导效应。研究表明，由于受到来自国际生产资料和生活资料分类价格变动趋势异质性、上下游价格传导路径异质性和价格信息传导机制结构性变动的影响，国际大宗商品价格向中国上下游价格的传导效应呈现时变特征。国际大宗商品价格对国内上游价格传导稳定，但对下游价格传导长期下降，这解释了我国PPI和CPI走势的偏离现象。     

中国轿车价格影响因素的微观经济学分析

与国内大多数学者从宏观层面研究中国轿车价格的形成不同，运用特征价格理论从微观层面来探讨各性能特征对中国轿车价格的影响。通过构建中国轿车的特征价格模型，利用估计的隐含价格分析了被选性能特征对中国轿车价格的影响程度，得出最高车速对中国轿车价格的影响最大，其次为最大功率，整备质量最小的结论；并通过纵向比较，得出被选各特征变量对中国轿车价格的影响其相对权重随年份的变化发生改变。但是其绝对权重并没有发生改变的结论。     

再论重点学区住宅不动产的投资价值——以深圳市罗湖区为例

以深圳市罗湖区二手住宅不动产为研究对象,运用特征价格模型(Hedonic Model),验证了重点学区与住宅价格之间的正相关关系,重点初中学区房价比其他小区高出大约20%。进一步考察重点学区的外部效应,即重点学区因素如何影响其他房价决定因素发挥作用,发现在重点初中学区中,消费者更能容忍房屋结构和小区环境质量的降低。综合直接和外部效应,在深圳罗湖区,重点初中学区房价比其他小区高出大约30%。     

基于Hedonic模型的城市地价空间结构分析——以湖南省娄底市为例

以湖南省娄底市为研究区域,利用地统计学中的Kirging空间插值方法模拟了娄底市地价的空间布局,揭示了地价的空间结构特征,结果显示:地价是由市区中心依次向外围递减,且土地利用类型呈现商业、住宅、工业的梯次变化;地价的分布在空间上不仅具有连续性,同时还存在着一定的空间变异性。在此基础上,建立Hedonic特征价格模型对影响全部用途和商业用途地价的主要因素进行了分析研究。     

我国柑橘生产成本和价格变动的实证研究

本文认为我国柑橘生产成本变动的主要因素是柑橘的生产价格和化肥的零售价格;影响柑橘价格变动的因素不仅涉及其品种、质量、销售淡旺季和商品化处理等微观层面,同时还与柑橘市场建设和价格体制有关,进而提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Competition and Price Dispersion in International Long-distance Calling

This paper examines the relationship between changes in telecommunications provider competition on international long-distance routes and changes in prices. Overall, increased competition is associated with significantly lower prices to consumers of long-distance services. However, the relationship between competition and price varies according to the type of long-distance plan considered. For the plans frequently selected by price-conscious consumers, increased competition on a route is associated with lower prices. In contrast, for the basic international plans that are the default selection for consumers, increased competition on a route is actually associated with higher prices. Thus price dispersion appears to increase as competition increases. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of the OECD. I thank two anonymous referees, Joe Farrell, John Harkrider, Jim Lande, Bob Majure, Carl Willner and seminar participants at the FCC for their helpful comments. Special thanks for aid with data to Linda Blake, Mark Uretsky, Jim Lande, R.L. Smith and Carl Willner.     

Price Adjustments by a Gasoline Retail Chain

We use daily data to examine price responses in the Swedish gasoline market to changes in the Rotterdam spot price, exchange rates and taxes. The distribution of price adjustments by a leading retail chain, for the period January 1980 to December 1996, is symmetric with no small adjustments. An error correction model shows that, in the short run, prices gradually move towards the long-run equilibrium in response to cost shocks. There is some evidence that, also in the short run, prices are stickier downwards than upwards. Prices respond more rapidly to exchange rate movements than to the spot market price. Our analysis emphasizes that to fully understand price adjustments it is necessary to examine data sets where the sample frequency at least matches that of price adjustments.
JEL classification: C 22; E 31; F 14; L 71     

Price Clustering and Investor Sentiment

Among the anomalous findings in the finance literature, perhaps the most persistent is the finding that security prices tend to cluster on round pricing increments. The author examines how investor sentiment influences the degree of price clustering. Both univariate and multivariate tests show a contemporaneous correlation between price clustering and investor sentiment. Recognizing the need to make stronger causal inferences, the author conducts 2 additional sets of tests. First, the author uses the technology bubble period as natural experiment and examine the price clustering of technology vis-à-vis nontechnology stocks. Results show that price clustering is markedly higher in tech stocks than in nontech stocks during this period of rising, sector-specific, investor sentiment. Second, the author estimates a vector autoregression process and examines the impulse responses of price clustering to exogenous shocks in investor sentiment. The results from these tests indicate that causation flows from sentiment to clustering instead of the other way around.     

Price discrimination and price dispersion in a duopoly

This paper analyses the problem of price discrimination in a market where consumers have heterogeneous preferences both over a horizontal parameter (brand) and a vertical one (quality). Discriminatory contracts are characterized for different market structures. It is shown that price dispersion, i.e. the observed range of prices for each class of customers, increases almost everywhere as competition is introduced in the market.     

能源价格对宏观经济的影响——基于可计算一般均衡(CGE)的分析

石油与煤炭价格上涨将对中国经济造成什么样的影响,其影响度与中国现阶段的经济特点的相关性,以及如何应对能源价格上涨的影响,都是政府宏观决策需要研究的重大问题。本文运用CGE方法研究了这些问题,尤其是对石油与煤炭价格上涨影响程度的对比,填补了这一方面的研究空白。结果表明:能源价格上涨对中国经济具有紧缩作用,但对不同产业的紧缩程度不一致,能源价格除了影响经济增长,还将推动产业结构变化。对大多数产业而言,相同比例的价格上涨,煤炭的紧缩作用是石油紧缩作用的2至3倍;对于非能源密集型的服务业紧缩幅度也达3倍,石油和煤炭的经济紧缩作用程度不一致与目前中国能源消费结构基本吻合,2007年中国煤炭消费占一次能源的70%,而石油消费仅占20%。本文最后就如何应对能源价格上涨的影响提出建议。     

企业降价与总收益关系的新认识

随着环境的变化,企业有时候要调低产品价格。本文针对一些企业错误地应用关于降价与总收益关系的传统结论的现象,结合数学和经济学,提出了很多命题,对降价与总收益之间的关系揭示得很清楚,对于传统的需求价格弹性理论关于降价与总收益之间关系的不完全准确认识的一种修正,也是对需求价格弹性理论应用的拓展;且本文分别用图形形象地表示出降价与总收益之间的关系,结合企业在调低价格后给予一定的指导——企业降价后还要进行跟踪调查、还要根据效果采取相应措施、要关注客户需求量的变化、降价不是拍脑袋的事情,这具有一定的现实意义。     

Price policy and returns to soil conservation in semi-arid Kenya

This paper develops an approach that uses relatively easily-available data to examine empirically how policy-induced price changes affect the incentives of farmers in developing countries to adopt soil conservation measures. The model shows that there is no simple relationship between price distortions created by government policies and farmers' incentives to adopt conservation measures. Policy-induced price changes could lead to either more or less conservation, depending on site-specific conditions. Data from a semi-arid region in Kenya are used to illustrate the magnitude and direction of changes in price policy on returns to terracing and to show how results are affected by the nature of the conservation technology. In the study area, higher commodity prices increase incentives to adopt conservation measures on steep slopes, but lower them on shallower slopes. If terraces were to require more land to be taken out of production than assumed in the calculations, higher commodity prices would tend to discourage farmers from adopting them.     

Price setting and the steady-state effects of inflation

This paper examines how price setting plays a key role in explaining the steady-state effects of inflation in a monopolistic competition economy with transactions-facilitating money. Three pricing variants (optimal prices, indexed prices, and unchanged prices) are introduced through a generalization of the Calvo-type setting that allows price indexation. We found that in an economy with less indexed prices, the steady-state negative impact of inflation on output is higher. Regarding welfare analysis, our results support a long-run monetary policy aimed at price stability with a close-to-zero inflation target. This finding is robust to any price setting scenario.JEL Classification: E13, E31, E50The writing of this paper commenced during the time I spent on the Research Visitors Programme 2001 of the European Central Bank and an earlier version of the paper became ECB Working Paper No. 140. I would like to thank Bennett T. McCallum, Frank Smets, and Oscar Bajo-Rubio for their valuable comments and suggestions, and the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain for its financial support (Research Project 2002/00954).     

Price normalization under imperfect competition

In general equilibrium models of imperfect competition the equilibria depend on how prices are normalized. This note shows that a price normalization preserves convexity properties if and only if prices are measured in terms of a fixed commodity bundle. I am grateful to an anonymous referee for helpful comments, inspiring a simplification in the proof of the main result, and the argument in the Remark.     

价格涨跌幅限制起到了助涨助跌作用吗?

价格涨跌幅限制是否具有助涨助跌作用对于判断涨跌幅限制的实施效果具有重要的意义。既有的研究表明 ,股价在发生涨跌停时存在一定的过度反应。然而 ,本研究发现 ,在股价发生涨跌停时 ,虽然涨跌幅限制不能完全消除过度反应 ,但是可以显著地减小而不是增大过度反应的程度。本研究还发现 ,价格涨跌停本身并不是导致过度反应的原因 ,因为股价不仅在涨跌停时存在过度反应 ,而且在大幅度变化但未达到涨跌停时也存在过度反应。本文据此认为 ,没有证据表明价格涨跌幅限制具有助涨助跌作用。