Game Theoretic Models of Wage Bargaining

This paper aims at being a tool to help apply game theoretic bargaining models to wage negotiations. In this perspective, we review a number of articles which explicitly deal with wage determination as well as purely game theoretical models which we believe can be fruitfully extended to account for specific features of labour markets. We discuss some common shortcomings in the wage negotiation literature, and suggest possible lines of research worth pursuing to deal with such weaknesses.     

区域间公共基础设施溢出效应研究

运用中国各省(市、自治区)1990-2008年的面板数据,通过建立空间计量模型,对区域问基础设施投资的空间外溢性进行检验.研究结果显示.公共基础设施投资对区域经济的增长不仅在本区域内具有外部溢出效应,在区域间也存在显著的外部溢出效应.这表明莱一地区的公共基础设施投入不仅可以提升本地区的产出,也会对相邻区域的经济增长产生...     

跨国公司技术溢出对海正药业的影响

吸收先进技术溢出是促进企业发展的关键因素。随着跨国公司纷纷来华设厂,国内企业更多的是接受到了负向的技术溢出,遭受了市场份额丧失和人才流失的双重打击。海正药业则始终坚持高比例R&D研发投入和产品发展策略,重视挖掘、培养、留住人才,先后获得了多个国内外认证,积极进行国际合作,吸收了大量先进的技术溢出,取得了快速的发展。     

生产率与创新工资门槛假说:基于中国经验数据分析

在现有理论基础上,结合荷兰等国家的经验事实,本文提出了创新工资门槛假说:工资上涨促进生产率的提高,但存在门槛效应。基于Hansen提出的门槛回归模型,使用中国国有企业和三资企业省级面板数据证实了该假说的存在。结果表明,国有企业中,工资水平低于23012.16元的省份有6个,他们可能陷入低工资—低创新陷阱;工资水平处于创新最佳状态的省份有22个。三资企业中,7个省份的工资水平处于创新的最佳状态。在控制变量中,国内市场需求与生产率正相关。     

The Spatial Effects of Wage or Property Tax Differentials, and Local Government Choice between Tax Instruments

This paper considers the spatial effects (on wages, employment, and business capital as functions of location) of a localized differential in source-based wage tax rates or business property tax rates between (for example) a central city and the surrounding suburbs. A simple model is used in which business production uses only labor and capital inputs. Consumers have fixed residential locations but may commute to work. Wage and property tax differentials have effects that are similar in some ways but different in other ways. If given a choice, a local government would choose to set its business property tax rate equal to zero and use only a wage tax.     

基于溢出与合作效应的企业共性技术研发的博弈分析

建立在D'Aspremont&Jacquemin创立的博弈分析模型(简称A-J模型)的基础上,通过构建数理模型,加入合作系数,同时考察共性技术研发的溢出效应和合作水平对技术研发水平的影响。研究表明,考虑研发具有水平溢出效应,如果溢出效应很大,那么企业之间共性技术的研发采用合作的模式最佳,同时,如果合作系数很高,企业共性技术研发水平也会提高。政府决策者应鼓励企业在共性技术研发上加强合作,并在必要时提供政策扶持和资金支持。     

上海市最低工资标准的确定与评价分析

本文通过构建影响上海市最低工资标准的指标体系,利用因子分析方法建立了上海市最低工资标准确定的一般数学模型。利用模型分析了上海市最低工资标准的合理性,并对其完善提出了观点和建议。     

金融发展、FDI技术溢出与中国经济增长——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

基于1990年-2008年中国省际面板数据,就金融发展水平决定的FDI溢出效应对中国经济增长影响的实证研究表明,样本期内FDI通过其资本积累效应,对中国经济增长产生了显著的促进作用,且这一作用有随时间而强化的趋势;金融发展具有放大FDI技术溢出效应的作用,并由此对中国经济增长产生正面影响,但目前来看这一影响还比较小;"金融抑制"现象依然存在并对中国经济增长产生了不利影响,但在经历了多年的金融体制改革之后,"金融抑制"现象已有所减轻,其对经济增长的负面影响趋于减弱。     

工资粘性、经济波动与货币政策模拟——基于DSGE模型的分析

本文在BGG模型的基础上,引入了工资粘性,使之成为综合考虑价格粘性、金融加速器效应以及工资粘性的DSGE模型,我们模拟并比较了中国不同货币政策的影响。贝叶斯估计结果验证了中国工资粘性的存在,说明中国劳动力市场的配置尚存在改善的余地。货币政策模拟结果显示,价格型货币政策效应较强但持续期较短,而数量型货币政策效应较为温和但影响相对持久,央行需注重价格型货币政策与数量型货币政策的合理搭配与使用。     

A Meta‐Analysis of the International Gender Wage Gap

Abstract.  Since the early 1970s, a number of authors have calculated gender wage differentials between women and men of equal productivity. This meta‐study provides a new quantitative review of this vast amount of empirical literature on gender wage differentials as it concerns not only differences in methodology, data, and time periods, but also different countries. We place particular emphasis on a proper consideration of the quality of the underlying study which is done by a weighting with quality indicators. The results show that data restrictions – i.e. the limitation of the analysis to new entrants, never‐marrieds, or one narrow occupation only – have the biggest impact on the resulting gender wage gap. Moreover, we are able to show what effect a misspecification of the underlying wage equation – like the frequent use of potential experience – has on the calculated gender wage gap. Over time, raw wage differentials worldwide have fallen substantially; however, most of this decrease is due to better labor market endowments of females.     

Wage and Price Inflation in Poland in the Period of Transition: The Cointegration Analysis

The paper focuses on the long run relationships between wages, prices and labour productivity in the Polish economy by applying recent developments in the field of multivariate cointegration analysis. We followed modeling strategy which is suggested by Greenslade et al. (1999) and present all stages of the analysis which leads to the fully economically identified system of equations representing long run relationships. The investigation is based on the quarterly data from 1992.1 to 1999.2 which covers the period of transition of the Polish economy from the centrally planned system towards the market one. Basing on the empirical results we can argue that wages (costs) were one of the main forces driving inflation in Poland during that period. Also labor productivity proved to be stimulated by the increase of the real wages. On the other hand the hypothesis concerning the relationship between wages and unemployment was rejected by the data.     

公共投资就业效应的一个解释——基于CES生产函数的分析及其检验

本文在分析CES生产函数过程中引入劳动力市场,探讨了公共投资与就业的联系.本文认为,公共投资是通过劳动工资弹性来影响就业的.公共投资增加会引起劳动需求的工资弹性提高,而公共投资的溢出效应则会导致企业实际工资支出水平降低,两方面原因的共同作用引起就业的增长.在此分析基础上,本文用ARDL方法构建了一个多方程模型,并用中国的数据进行了检验.为提高分析的有效性,我们用SUR方法对模型做了系统估计,并进一步通过方程转化对变量的短期波动和长期均衡关系进行了探讨.实证研究发现,中国的公共投资增长在短期减少就业,但长期内对就业有显著的正效应.     

黑龙江省城镇就业人员平均工资分析

黑龙江统计年鉴2013将原有的城镇在岗职工平均工资指标调整为城镇就业人员平均工资,且数据统计时间为2008-2012年。依据统计年鉴的数据对黑龙江省城镇就业人员平均工资进行了分析,结果表明在研究期间内,在平均工资上涨的同时,不同部门就业人员的平均工资仍然存在差距。     

人力资本投资收益的区际差异:指数化分析及实证——以我国东部沿海6个城市群为例

人力资本投资收益的区际差异是区域人力资本研究的重要方面,本文总结了区域人力资本测度的四个角度,在此基础上依据人力资本适用性的基本思想,构建了人力资本投资收益区际差异的指数化分析框架,以我国东部沿海6个城市群为例,进行了实证分析和理论解释,探讨了其政策意义。     

Issues in Assessing the Effect of Interindustry R&D Spillovers

This paper aims to clarify three issues concerning the weighting methodol ogy generally used to evaluate interindustry R&D spillovers. These issues concern the likely nature of the spillovers estimated through different types of supporting matrices; the similarity between input–output (IO), technology flows and technological proximity matrices; and the relevance of the assumption that a single matrix can be used for different countries. Data analyses of weighting components show that technology flows matrices are in an intermediate position between IO matrices and technological proximity matrices, but closer to the former. The various IO matrices, as well as the three technological proximity matrices, are very similar to each other. The panel data estimates of the effect of different types of interindustry R&D spillovers on industrial productivity growth in the G7 countries reject the hypotheses that a technology flows matrix can be approximated by an IO matrix and that a single IO matrix can be usedfor different countries. By transitivity, the procedure that comprises using a single technology flow for several countries is not reliable. The international comparison shows that each country benefits from different types of R&D externality. In Japan and, to a lesser extent, in the US, the rate of return to direct R&D is very high and is likely to compensate for relatively weak interindustry R&D spillover effects. In the five other industrialized countries, the reverse observation is true: strong social rates of return to R&D counterbal ance the poor performances of direct R&D.     

中、美高校教师工资水平比较研究

针对当前社会对高校教师工资水平的关注和意见,结合中国正在推行的事业单位收入分配制度改革,通过中美两国高校教师工资水平在各行业中的相对位置,并以GDP为介入因素进行国际比较,对中国高校教师工资的合理水平提出初步判断。     

Monopsonistic discrimination, worker turnover, and the gender wage gap

Motivated by models of worker flows, we argue in this paper that monopsonistic discrimination may be a substantial factor behind the overall gender wage gap. Using matched employer–employee data from Norway, we estimate establishment-specific wage premiums separately for men and women, conditioning on fixed individual effects. Regressions of worker turnover on the wage premium identify less wage elastic labour supply facing each establishment of women than that of men. Workforce gender composition is strongly related to employers' wage policies. The results suggest that 70–90% of the gender wage gap for low-educated workers may be attributed to differences in labour market frictions between men and women, while the similar figures for high-educated workers ranges from 20 to 70%.     

Job hopping, earnings dynamics, and industrial agglomeration in the software publishing industry

This paper investigates the implications of industrial clustering for labor mobility and earnings dynamics in one large and increasingly important high-technology sector. Taking advantage of longitudinal employee-employer matched data, I exploit establishment-level variation in agglomeration to explore how clustering in the software publishing industry affects labor market outcomes. The results show that clustering makes it easier for workers to job hop within the sector. Higher earnings levels in more agglomerated areas are partly attributable to sorting across locations among workers and firms in the industry on the basis of observable and unobservable characteristics. Controlling for this heterogeneity, workers in clusters have relatively steep earnings-tenure profiles, accepting lower wages early in their careers in exchange for stronger earnings growth and higher wages later. These findings are consistent with theoretical models in which agglomeration improves labor market coordination and facilitates greater learning and human capital formation.     

技术外溢、对外直接投资与全要素能源效率——基于长三角地区的实证分析

以长三角地区的24个地级市为研究标的,深入阐释了技术溢出视角下OFDI对全要素能源效率的作用机制和影响机理。采用非径向的方向距离函数(SBM)对长三角地区的全要素能源效率进行测算分析,并量化测算出OFDI逆向技术溢出规模,进而将技术创新因素纳入面板回归模型,实证解析了OFDI逆向技术溢出对全要素能源效率变化值的传导渠道以及动态作用机制。研究结果显示,近十年间,长三角地区的全要素能源效率值改善效果明显,且各城市间表现出较大的空间异质性; OFDI逆向技术溢出与全要素能源效率之间存在较为显著的动态互动机制;地区能够通过提升对OFDI逆向溢出技术的获取吸收能力来推动技术进步,从而优化当地的全要素能源效率,而逐步提升的技术创新能力也能增强本地的OFDI逆向溢出的技术吸收能力。     

效率工资的必要条件与经济效应

索洛模型和萨默斯模型存在局限性,在建立效率工资一般模型时,应当同时考虑到绝对工资水平、相对工资高低和失业率对工人劳动效率的影响。效率工资机制依赖于两个必要条件：间接计量的工资形式和竞争关系的存在。当效率工资的条件成立时,工资调整将存在粘性,均衡工资高于劳动力市场出清工资,且存在均衡失业。