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1.
根据中日韩三国贸易的实际情况,把影响中日韩三国的贸易主要因素确定为经济规模、人口、运输距离、制度安排等变量,并且进行回归分析,结果显示,制度安排对各国贸易的影响是均显著的。因此,中日韩三国自由贸易协定的缔结将促进区域内贸易的增长。  相似文献   

2.
鉴于湖北省自然灾害频发、农业保险业务日渐萎缩,本文基于华中农业大学农业保险研究课题组2006年9~10月所做的400份湖北农户调查问卷及相关统计数据,深入分析该省农业保险现状及所存在的问题,并提出适当对策促进湖北农业保险的发展,以充分发挥农业保险在分散农业风险、补偿农业损失、稳定农民收入等方面的重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
    
This paper extends the literature on the determinants of free trade area (FTA) taking hub‐and‐spoke status and hub status‐seeking into account. The analysis is based on purely cross‐sectional data and the main findings are different from previous studies. First, the hub‐and‐spoke status and hub status‐seeking are two important determinants of FTA. Moreover, the hub‐and‐spoke status and hub status‐seeking have greater partial effects on the response probabilities than other determinants. Second, the probability of forming an FTA between a pair of economies is higher if they share a common language. Finally, the probability of forming an FTA between a pair of economies falls at first but eventually increases as the difference in their relative factor endowments increases.  相似文献   

4.
    
In this paper, we study the relationship between different proxies of firm‐level markups and trade status, using balance sheet information linked to detailed trade data from Hungary between 1995 and 2003. We find that importing is strongly positively correlated with markup measures, both across and within firms. We argue that this correlation can reflect three channels: self‐selection, higher physical productivity resulting from access to a larger variety of inputs, and quality upgrading based on high‐quality imported intermediate inputs. We present evidence for the relevance of the third channel by showing that importers’ markup premium is higher when inputs arrive from developed countries, and that importing is correlated with higher‐quality (price‐adjusted revenue) exports. We find no robust evidence for exporter premium when controlling for importing. We argue that the non‐existent exporter premium might result from the stronger competition in export markets relative to domestic markets.  相似文献   

5.
    
Most small businesses in the developing economies suffer from a lack of access to formal external finance. One important alternative source of finance for these entrepreneurs is trade credit. Applying a unique data-set containing data on specific trade relations between rice wholesalers and rice retailers in Tanzania, we analyse the determinants of trade credit demand and supply in this market, using a simultaneous equation modelling approach. The analysis shows that while the demand for trade credit is primarily determined by the extent to which retailers need external funds, supply is mainly driven by wholesalers’ incentives to attract and keep clients. Moreover, wholesalers’ willingness to provide credit increases if they have better information about the possibility that the customer will fail to repay the credit.  相似文献   

6.
虚拟水贸易及其影响因素研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
由于水资源的分布不均和大量消耗,水资源短缺成为很多国家和地区经济社会发展的约束。虚拟水贸易作为一种解决水资源短缺的方式被提出,成为水资源研究领域的热点。以农产品的国际贸易为主体的虚拟水国际贸易也不仅仅涉及水资源的平衡问题,还涉及到很多政治、经济等因素。本文从政治、经济、社会、生态四方面对虚拟水贸易的影响因素进行分析,从而对虚拟水贸易展开研究。  相似文献   

7.
    
Increasing evidence shows that farm households in developing countries maintain a portfolio of income-generating activities. Concerns have been raised that household income diversification to include nonfarm activities will stifle farm works, and thus reduce agricultural productivity. On the contrary, some evidence of complementarity between the farm and nonfarm activities in rural areas has been found. This paper uses data from the fourth and the fifth waves of Tanzania's National Panel Surveys to examine whether there exists complementarity or substitutability between farm and nonfarm activities in rural Tanzania. The findings show that participation in off-farm work and nonfarm business activities has no clear relationship to the adoption and use of improved agricultural practices, namely, irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Participation in off-farm work and nonfarm business activities does not also seem to directly influence agricultural investments, production, and productivity nor overall household income. These results suggest that the complementary and substitution effects of nonfarm activities offset each other in Tanzania, implying that proper policies are required to unleash the potential impact of nonfarm activities on agriculture.  相似文献   

8.
动物福利对我国农产品贸易的影响及对策   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
近年来,动物福利继绿色壁垒之后作为一种新的贸易壁垒开始浮出水面,并已对国际农产品贸易产生了现实的影响。针对这一问题,本文通过介绍动物福利的概念,分析了动物福利对我国农产品贸易的影响,并提出了相应的应对措施。  相似文献   

9.
This paper investigates the impact of currency depreciation on bilateral trade between Malaysia and China, especially how a real depreciation of ringgit against the yuan on each industry’s inpayments and outpayments affect the trade balance. We employ disaggregated quarterly data on import and export for 52 industries over the period 1993Q1 to 2012Q4. The results from the bounds testing approach to the cointegration and error-correction model reveal that the real bilateral exchange rate has short and long-run effects on the inpayments and outpayments of the industries. However, the short-run effects shift into the long run in 14 out of 35 industries in the inpayment models and 17 out of 44 industries in the outpayments models. Most of these are small industries producing intermediate goods. According to the ML condition, the depreciation of ringgit against yuan improves Malaysia’s trade balance with China in these industries.  相似文献   

10.
疾病尤其是大病对农户生计往往产生重大影响.农户家庭成员一旦患大病,不仅产生巨额的医疗费用支出,而且劳动时间损失可能引起收入下降.农户是风险规避者,在疾病发生前农户可能利用各种资源形成预防和缓解疾病风险的策略.本文基于湖北两个贫困县的大样本农户调查数据,估算贫困地区农户大病风险,探讨农户回避风险的策略类型及其有效性.大病农户的经济风险大,农户预防大病风险意识不强,收入多样化和参加医疗保险起到了一定的分散和转移大病风险的作用.  相似文献   

11.
疾病尤其是大病会对农户产生重大影响,农户在与其抗争的过程中已经形成了一系列缓解疾病风险冲击的策略.本文基于湖北两个贫困县的大样本农户调查数据,探讨贫困地区农户应对大病风险的策略类型和层次,并对策略的有效性进行评估.农户主要依赖自身资源、扩展家庭和社区资源系形成的非正规机制应对大病冲击;贫甲农户因受到非正规资源的限制,更需要来自正规机制的帮助.  相似文献   

12.
Changes in agricultural production methods have been associated with environmental pressure and a loss of natural habitats. This paper explores the extent to which farmer participation in off-farm work (an increasing phenomenon in most developed countries) changes the intensity of agricultural input use focusing, in particular, on fertilizer and crop protection product use. A sample selection model that accounts for both unobserved heterogeneity between farms and the potential simultaneity between farm operations and hours worked off-farm is estimated for 2,419 farms in England and Wales. The econometric evidence indicates that the input intensity of products which have well-established links to environmental damage can increase as well as decrease. The results suggest that that fertilizer intensity may decline as off-farm labor increases while the use of crop protection per hectare increases as off-farm work increases.  相似文献   

13.
成熟的争端解决机制是区域经济合作得以健康发展的有力保障。鉴于中哈两国现行的争端解决机制存在纠纷解决方式少、纠纷解决条款覆盖面窄、解决机制设计简单等缺陷,本文提出两国应根据区域经济合作发展的不同阶段,分别针对中哈霍尔果斯国际边境合作中心、边境自由贸易区直至中哈自由贸易区设置相应的争端解决机制,以促进中哈区域经济合作的发展。  相似文献   

14.
论中国农产品出口的区域结构与对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
20世纪90年代以来,中国农产品出口贸易增长趋缓。本文在对中国农产品区域贸易统计数据以及相关政策背景实证分析的基础上,从贸易集中度的角度辨识中国农产品贸易发展的出口区域结构与政策含义。  相似文献   

15.
苏昕  吴隆杰 《技术经济》2007,26(4):48-50
日本2006年5月29日开始实施“肯定列表制度”。由于我国是日本第二大农产品进口国,根据“肯定列表制度”的原则和特点,它将对我国出口农产品产生一系列重大影响:农产品出口面临歧视性威胁,出口风险加大;农产品生产企业出口成本增加,竞争力削弱;短时间内农产品难以满足“肯定列表制度”的苛刻要求,出口受阻。根据上述分析,我们提出了我国政府部门、行业协会、生产加工企业和农户今后对日出口农产品应采取的对策。  相似文献   

16.
熊吉峰 《经济问题》2007,(10):78-81
改革开放以来,家庭经营一直受到来自城市化与农业经营环境两个方面因素的外生冲击.按照真实经济周期理论,农户对两种外生冲击预期收益率的变化造成了家庭经营投资费用的波动.首先将改革以来家庭经营波动划分为6个周期,然后运用真实经济周期理论对家庭经营的波动周期、波动幅度与演变趋势进行比较分析.研究结论表明,在新农村建设时期,随着城市化步伐逐步加快,以及政府增加对"三农"的投资、发展现代农业等外生冲击力度加大,传统的小农家庭经营必然向家庭农场制转型.而在家庭经营转型过程中,政府不应干预农户的自主选择,而应通过加大两种冲击的影响力度,引导家庭农场制应运而生.  相似文献   

17.
中国—东盟自由贸易区服务贸易发展的思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
服务贸易是中国—东盟自由贸易区发展的一项重要内容,中国和东盟各国应在加快服务贸易合作的基础上,通过保障服务贸易良好发展的一系列协议,采取不同策略逐步发展服务贸易,消除服务贸易中产生的摩擦,以实现中国—东盟自由贸易区服务贸易的快速发展。  相似文献   

18.
    
This experimental study examines and compares individual valuations of the two risk reduction mechanisms: self‐insurance and self‐protection in risky versus ambiguous outcome situations. Results confirm that individuals do not perceive these mechanisms differently under risk. Moreover, ambiguity in the outcome (i.e., size of loss) affects valuations weakly, and changing representations of ambiguity do not alter valuation. In general, individuals are found to be ambiguity averse for low sizes of loss and ambiguity neutral for high sizes of loss, regardless of the probability of loss. Finally, no strong support is found for any particular model of ambiguity.  相似文献   

19.
中国西部农户沼气系统使用情况分析与对策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文通过对我国西部四川、陕西和内蒙古三个地区173个沼气用户和48个无沼气户的调查数据分析,揭示沼气在西部农户生活生产中发挥的重要作用,同时分析研究了这三个地区农户沼气系统建设和使用中存在的问题.提出了在我国西部地区推广沼气系统的对策及政策建议.  相似文献   

20.
    
Most farms are family business, both in developed and developing countries. Labour allocation choices of farm household members are therefore relevant both for production choices in the farm and for rural labour markets. In particular, off-farm work and combination of on- and off-farm work (pluriactivity) are viewed as an efficient allocation of household labour resources. Moreover, labour choice of the children of the farm household is relevant for farm succession. In this article, we extend previous literature by estimating in an unified framework labour participation choices both for on- and off-farm work for operators, spouses and their eldest children in working age, using a five equation multivariate probit.  相似文献   

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