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1.
If companies rely strongly on internal R&D and existing networks their ability to introduce radical innovations may suffer. Opening up to new idea sources may provide a solution. Incumbent companies, however, often suffer from the tendency to reject radical ideas from unusual sources. This study investigates how social integration mechanisms (SIMs; coordination, socialisation, and systems mechanisms) influence an incumbent steel company’s absorptive capacity (AC). A micro-level analysis of two radical ideas from unusual sources contributes to AC and radical innovation literatures by exploring relationships between SIMs and four AC capabilities (acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation). The findings suggest that AC capabilities are context-specific with respect to innovation novelty and idea source. The results emphasise the negative sides of socialisation and formalisation mechanisms, and the positive effects of coordination mechanisms on the AC capabilities in such high uncertainty contexts.  相似文献   

2.
正视农村剩余劳动力转移的挑战   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
中国在10年左右的周期内农村剩余劳动力转出的总规模需要达到1.5亿到两亿人。城乡劳动力对就业岗位的竞争正在趋于激化。大中型城市将是新增就业岗位的主要来源。就业岗位正在成为国际竞争中最稀缺的资源。就业优先应当成为最重要的战略取向。劳动力市场发育要优先于其他要素的市场发育,就业岗位增加要优先于社会收入水平提高。就业政策的重点是要防止供求不平衡导致交易价格被压低到供给成本之下,同时保证有限的就业机会优先分配给最优秀、最有效率的群体。  相似文献   

3.
文章从企业社会资本提高技术创新能力的角度出发,首先在现有研究文献的基础上,对社会资本、吸收能力、企业创新绩效及其三者关系进行了分析,发现引入企业规模作为控制变量才能更为科学地梳理三者之间的关系。其次构建了关于三个主要研究变量之间的理论关系模型,提出相关研究假设。最后采用问卷调查方法对长三角地区的企业进行数据收集,利用回归分析等方法对模型所包含的假设进行实证检验。通过理论分析和对350份有效问卷数据的实证分析,研究发现企业社会资本与吸收能力对企业技术创新绩效存在着显著的正向影响。其中吸收能力起到调节性中介作用,在大中型企业中,企业社会资本、吸收能力和技术创新绩效三者之间的关系并不显著;在小微型企业中,吸收能力对企业社会资本与技术创新绩效的调节作用不显著。  相似文献   

4.
    
Absorptive capacity plays a key role in determining firms' capability to access and make use of external knowledge. However, little evidence has been provided about this important determinant of knowledge acquisition in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This article investigates the importance of absorptive capacity created and accumulated in R&D efforts and in qualified human resources, on SMEs' capabilities to collaborate with other firms, with universities and with technology transfer centres. The empirical evidence is based on a survey of interviews with 276 manufacturing SMEs located in the Lombardy region (Italy). Probit model estimations demonstrate that even in SMEs absorptive capacity has a relevant impact on the ability of firms to establish collaborations with external organisations.  相似文献   

5.
吸收能力理论被广泛用于研究复杂的组织现象,是技术创新、组织学习、知识管理、产业经济与战略管理等多学科领域研究所涉及的核心指标,很多学者用该理论解释不同的企业创新绩效。本文首先回顾了相关文献,说明了吸收能力的基本内涵和模型。其次在企业网络的视角下,探讨了企业吸收能力对企业创新绩效的直接作用和调节作用。第三,总结了两个基于企业吸收能力的企业创新绩效影响因素的研究模型,并分析了模型的优缺点。最后,本文指出随着外部知识资源对企业创新重要性的增强,不能继续把知识作为一个已知的常量,要区分不同的知识属性是否对企业创新绩效有显著的影响作用。要以企业吸收能力为核心,从整体的角度系统探讨影响企业创新绩效的关键因素,用有效的研究方法科学地分析各关键因素之间的相互关系以及对企业创新绩效的不同影响作用。  相似文献   

6.
    
In this study, we extend recent attempts to clarify the role of antecedents of absorptive capacity in realising purposive inflows of external knowledge in the biopharmaceutical industry. By assuming that internal R&D resources contribute to absorptive capacity as a multidimensional concept, we propose a framework for the integrated analysis of the interactions between the different antecedents of absorptive capacity and inbound open innovation of biopharmaceutical firms. Our analysis relies on a set-theoretic approach and uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to study a set of selected Italian biopharmaceutical firms. The analysis reveals that biopharmaceutical companies with a diversified R&D business domain and an extended entrepreneurial scientific network are likely to adopt an inbound open innovation strategy.  相似文献   

7.
打破劳动力市场分割是建立全国统一大市场的重要着力点。基于2011—2019年全国270个城市的面板数据,在测度城市数字经济水平和劳动力市场分割程度的基础上实证研究两者的关系。研究发现,数字经济的发展显著降低了城市间劳动力市场分割程度,其主要途径是降低劳动力流动成本,并通过优化市场匹配效率提高劳动力流动收益。异质性分析表明,数字经济对建立劳动力统一大市场的作用主要在于打破了内陆偏远城市和经济落后城市的劳动力流动壁垒。进一步分析表明,产业集聚和城市创新程度的提高有利于数字经济进一步发挥熨平劳动力市场“丘壑”的作用。因此,应进一步加强数字经济时代的劳动力保障,建立开放包容的劳动力市场政策体系,并推动城市产业向数字化、智能化方向转型升级,同时加大科技创新企业扶持力度,以产业升级和创新驱动为抓手更好发挥数字经济对劳动力市场效率的正向作用。  相似文献   

8.
    
This research note estimates the causal effects of a cut in the potential duration of regular unemployment benefits for older workers in Germany on the labor market outcomes of individuals with health impairments. The analyzed reform is a natural experiment that allows a difference-in-differences strategy with treatment intensity. The results provide evidence for a significant decrease in the number of days in regular unemployment benefits and an increase in the number of days in employment. However, the results also suggest a significant increase in the number of days in unemployment (social) assistance, which are granted upon exhaustion of regular unemployment benefits.  相似文献   

9.
Theoretical and empirical models provide ambiguous responses on the relationship between labor market regulation, innovation and investment. On the one hand, labor market regulation increases firms' adjustment costs and, ceteris paribus, decreases investment. But, on the other, it also stimulates firms to invest, innovate, increase productivity and profit in the long run. In this paper we present an endogenous growth model that describes the role of these opposite forces, and why a stricter labor market regulation may positively affect innovation and investment in the long run. Most of the theoretical and empirical results hold for Italy, Germany, France, and Spain.  相似文献   

10.
    
The rise of early retirement in Europe is typically attributed to the European system of taxes and transfers. A model with an imperfectly competitive labor market allows us to consider also the effects of bargaining power and of matching efficiency on pre‐retirement. We find that lower bargaining power of workers and declining matching efficiency have been important determinants of early retirement in France and Germany. These structural changes, combined with early retirement transfers and population aging, are also consistent with the employment and unemployment rates, labor share and seniority premia.  相似文献   

11.
我国就业政策的六十年变迁   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
我国改革开放前的就业政策,是在计划经济条件下产生的,反映计划经济的特点和固有弊端。改革开放初期,就业政策由表及里地推进创新,逐步以广开门路形成多元化就业格局,在新增劳动力中确立双向选择关系,全面促使劳动力合理流动,直至剥离企业富余人员。进入社会主义市场经济阶段,就业政策的创新目标演变为建立政府宏观调控的市场竞争就业机制。于是,就业政策从规范劳动力市场的管理制度入手,大力推进就业和再就业活动。  相似文献   

12.
尽管中国在经济转型过程中取得了令世人瞩目的经济增长速度,但随之而来的是不断扩大的工资收入差异和持续扩大的工资收入差距引发了广泛关注.一般认为,工资差距过大对社会公平和正义造成伤害,并直接影响中国经济和社会的可持续发展.基于家计调查数据并使用经济计量模型分析方法,本论文对中国在过去二十年日益增长的工资差距进行实证分析并探讨影响工资差距的主要因素.研究表明,政府对劳动力市场机构特别是工资政策改革是引发工资差距不断扩大的原因之一.本论文指出,劳动力市场机构的变化不是造成工资差异扩大的唯一因素;其它重要因素包括劳动力市场歧视以及制度性障碍,如中国现行的户口政策造成的劳动力市场分割等.本论文还从政策层面对减少工资差异提出建议.  相似文献   

13.
剩余价值理论是马克思主义政治经济学的核心内容,它揭露了资本主义剥削的实质,揭示了资本主义产生、发展、消亡的一般规律。正确认识和理解马克思关于劳动力商品和剩余价值的范畴,不仅具有深远的理论意义,对于推动社会主义市场经济的发展也具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   

14.
中国劳动力市场的特殊结构对农村剩余劳动力转移有重要影响。本文通过吸收二元制劳动力市场分割理论的基本假设和对制度变量的讨论,建立了中国农村剩余劳动力转移的“二元市场与二元劳动力”模型,并用以解释中国农村剩余劳动力转移的特点。本文认为,政府的强制性制度障碍导致“S型的人力资本投资曲线”的产生,从而使城市居民在主要劳动力市场具有政策和人力资本优势;作为对福利制度缺失的替代,“隐形补贴”等诱致性制度创新导致农村剩余劳动力在次要劳动力市场具有成本优势。这一模型对于我国农村剩余劳动力迁移中的特殊现象有较好的解释力,对于我国城市化战略和我国一元劳动力市场的形成有重要的理论意义。  相似文献   

15.
以非均衡理论为基础,构建了具有人力资本因素的劳动力市场非均衡模型,探讨了引入人力资本因素后非均衡劳动力市场如何变化,以及在不同的非均衡区域的劳动力市场供求关系的变化对人力资本因素的要求和影响,据此提出了相应的经济决策方法和建议。  相似文献   

16.
    
Labor market reforms in the direction of “flexicurity” have been widely endorsed as a means to increase an economy's ability to adjust to negative shocks while offering adequate social safety nets. This paper empirically examines how such reforms influence employment's responsiveness to output fluctuations (employment–output elasticity). To address this question, we employ a single equation error correction model with policy interactions on a panel of OECD countries, which also incorporates the period of the Great Recession, and distinguish between passive and active labor market policy types. Flexicurity is represented by three policy measures: unemployment benefit generosity, the flexibility of hiring and firing rules, and spending on active labor market policies. We find that the effects of any single policy change are shaped by the broader existing policy mix within which it takes place. A hypothetical flexicurity reform towards the policy mix of Denmark, a well-known example of the flexicurity regime, is found to increase or leave unchanged countries' short-run employment–output elasticities, depending on the initial policy mix. These results are robust to accounting for a large set of additional labor market institutions.  相似文献   

17.
    
This study explores the interrelationship between absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing, which are innovation-specific antecedents of innovative behaviour. By differentiating the two sub-dimensions of absorptive capacity, potential and realised absorptive capacity, previous contradictory findings on the relationship between absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing are reconciled. To verify the research hypotheses, the survey responses from 138 R&D employees of a multinational electronics company are analysed through structural equation modelling. The results show that both sub-dimensions of absorptive capacity directly influence innovative behaviour. However, knowledge sharing’s effect on innovative behaviour is indirect through realised absorptive capacity. The research findings imply employees’ absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing among them should be nurtured simultaneously to facilitate innovative behaviour. In addition to providing employees with many opportunities to be exposed to external knowledge, internal communications among employees and exploratory trials exploiting external knowledge along with internal knowledge should be encouraged.  相似文献   

18.
基于政府管理的技术创新扩散激励机制研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
政府与技术创新扩散企业之间是一种委托——代理关系,表现出若干激励冲突。政府通过政策组合和优化市场环境管理手段可以有效地抑制或弱化这些冲突的发生。在分析政府与技术创新扩散主体之间的激励冲突的基础上,对政府管理的政策激励机制和市场激励机制进行了研究,从政策激励和市场激励两方面构建了基于政府管理的技术创新扩散激励机制。  相似文献   

19.
    
This essay emphasizes the need to critically evaluate sources of survey data available to assess interactions between paid and unpaid care provision, including the extent of substitutability between unpaid work time and money expenditures. While it focuses on the U.S., it provides a framework for analysis of data infrastructure in other countries that could facilitate international comparisons and policy analysis.  相似文献   

20.
    
This article expands the literature on the rationales and governance of state owned enterprises (SOEs). We show that SOEs could be seen as instruments of innovation policies and change agents within broader innovation systems that can overcome many of the conventional challenges of innovation policy and its implementation, from coordination and implementation of policies and innovation system actor networks to financing innovation. We review the existing literature on the rationales of SOEs and extend it to include innovation as a central rationale. Thereafter we provide a taxonomy that reveals the necessary policy and managerial conditions and constraints for using SOEs as instruments of innovation policy. We place some of the better‐known innovation‐oriented SOE successes and failures into this taxonomy and show that this approach will allow in future research to explore different SOE practices and potential for using SOEs as innovation policy instruments across countries.  相似文献   

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