共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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《生物质固体成型燃料技术》生物质固体成型燃料,是指在一定温度与压力作用下,将秸秆制成具有一定形状、密度较大的成型颗粒。生物质固体成型燃料上热快,挥发份高,炭活性好,易燃,灰份少,点火快,可以不用封火, 相似文献
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林木生物质成型燃料作为一种可再生资源,对改善我国的生态环境有重要意义。然而我国林木生物质成型燃料产业总体还处于发展的初级阶段,生产成本较高导致供应链存在较多问题。文章从我国林木生物质成型燃料生产企业实际出发,验证了单一契约和联合契约无法协调生物质成型燃料供应链,在此基础上提出将中间商和生产商进行合并的模式。当生产商和中间商合并时会增加双方合并后的内部交易成本,根据研究结论,此时供应链总收益增加,如果增加的收益可以抵消合并供应链后所产生的内部交易成本,那么生产商将中间商合并为内部收购点的模式对整个供应链有益。 相似文献
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<正>由于世界化石能源被大量消耗、资源日益趋向枯竭,又由于大量消耗化石能源导致环境污染和气候恶化,所以探索新兴的生物能源产业经济具有深远意义。生物能源是利用生物质可再生原料生产的乙醇、丁醇、生物柴油、沼气、电力、成型燃料等 相似文献
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中国生物质能源开发利用现状及发展政策与未来趋势 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
目前,中国的生物质能源生产已经形成一定规模,国家也通过制定行业标准规范生物质能源生产,出台法律法规为其提供保障,并运用财税政策推进生物质能源产业发展。但是,中国生物质能源产业发展还面临原料资源短缺、生物质能源工业体系不完备、研究开发能力不足、产业化基础薄弱以及产品市场竞争力不高等问题。展望未来,中国生物质能源产业的发展空间广阔,技术将不断完善,它将改变中国现有的能源消费结构,净化环境,并推动农村经济发展。 相似文献
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该文以现有研究文献为基础,对生物质能源的能值分析、生命周期评价和生命周期能值分析研究现状进行了综述,所涉及的生物质能源产品包括生物质厌氧发酵产品(沼气)、生物质气化燃气、生物质发电、生物质致密成型燃料、燃料乙醇、生物柴油等。能值分析方法在生物质能源系统的应用主要体现在对其能源效率、环境效率和可持续性等方面的评价;生命周期评价在生物质能源系统的实证研究主要包括对系统生命周期内的能量投入、产出以及环境排放和经济性等方面的分析和评价。结果表明,在国内外生物质能源研究方面,单一的能值分析和生命周期评价都取得较丰硕的研究成果,所涉及的生物质能源类别也较为全面。但生命周期评价与能值分析相结合的研究还较为薄弱。最后提出了进一步完善生物质能源能值分析及其生命周期评价的建议。 相似文献
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中国林业生物质能源开发利用的调查思考 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
分析了我国木本油料能源资源、木质能源资源和木本淀粉能源资源现状和发展潜力,介绍了生物柴油、燃料乙醇、生物质发电和固体颗粒燃料四种生物质能产品的发展情况,根据国家生物质能发展目标,提出了进一步推动林业生物质能源发展的基本思路。 相似文献
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农田生物质能具有能源密度低,不确定性程度大,分布分散的特点.以广东省为例,利用生物量模型对区域农田生物质能进行栅格尺度的估算,并结合实地调查数据,分析了区域农田生物质可集约利用为能源的各类影响因素,建立了农田生物质能的理论蕴藏量、可获得量、可集约利用量的决策模型.利用邻域分析法和移动窗口法对区域生物质能优势带分布和二级收集区进行分析,结果表明,广东农田生物质能分布优势带主要集中在雷州半岛地区、粤西南丘陵地区、潮汕平原区、粤东沿海丘陵台地等地区.广东省发展直接燃烧供热发电项目,原料供应有一定风险.可以采用固化燃料或气化、醇化成燃料乙醇等方式发展生物质能项目. 相似文献
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Food versus fuel: examining tradeoffs in the allocation of biomass energy sources to domestic and productive uses in Ethiopia 下载免费PDF全文
Dawit Mekonnen Elizabeth Bryan Tekie Alemu Claudia Ringler 《Agricultural Economics》2017,48(4):425-435
Rural households in Ethiopia have limited options to meet their domestic energy needs because they lack access to modern fuels and technologies. Domestic use of certain fuel sources, such as cow dung, can hinder agricultural outcomes and productivity. This article explores the tradeoffs between domestic and productive uses of biomass energy sources in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia using a nonseparable farm household model where labor allocation to energy collection and farming are analyzed simultaneously. We estimate a system of five structural equations using three‐stage least squares and find that the use of dung as a domestic fuel source has negative implications for the value of harvested crops, while use of on‐farm fuelwood is associated with increased value of agricultural output. On‐farm production of fuelwood appears to increase the value of crop output and provide labor savings, by making fuelwood collection more convenient for households. Policy interventions to support the expansion of agroforestry and increase access to new energy‐efficient technologies are needed to ensure that agricultural productivity can be both increased and sustained. 相似文献
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《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(2):105-121
Global development of the biofuel sector is proceeding rapidly, driven by national policy mandates, government subsidies, and profit opportunities for farmers, agribusiness and energy companies. To date, most investment in—and dialogue on—biofuels has focused on large-scale production of liquid transport fuels. A smaller set of efforts has explored the potential of biofuels to promote rural development by reducing energy poverty among the world's two billion poorest people. Here, we consider the potential of these diverse approaches to promote the goals of ecoagriculture: namely, sustainable agricultural production (including biofuel feedstocks), conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services and viable rural livelihoods. Using a landscape planning framework, we review empirical evidence and identify criteria for designing biofuel production systems that promote this trio of goals. Biofuel development has the greatest potential when biomass production is an ‘interstitial’ activity and when processing and use occurs at the local level. Larger scale production for regional or global liquid fuel markets may be beneficial under some circumstances, but a stronger policy framework is needed to guide this approach. To advance biofuels for sustainable development, while avoiding serious risks, investment must shift to include a variety of ecoagriculture-compatible pathways. Supportive public policies and market incentives must be developed before the biofuel sector develops strong path-dependence toward unsustainable outcomes. 相似文献
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Australia is moving from a fossil fuel-dominated energy mix to one that is increasingly powered by solar and wind. Fossil fuel exports are also likely to decline given their poor compatibility with the net zero emission targets of key trading partners. There is the potential for a variety of new exports of zero carbon energy and products to emerge. This paper reviews implications of the ongoing energy transition for government revenues from fossil fuel extraction and use and discusses policy options in response. It concludes that the transition heightens the need for efficient government revenue-raising mechanisms across the economy. Among the possible reforms, this paper reviews the potential for Australia's corporate income tax to be reoriented towards the taxation of above-normal profits via an allowance for corporate equity approach. Other revenue-raising options that are discussed include carbon pricing, electronic road user pricing, wider use of progressive royalties, the use of industry levies as applied in Australia's agricultural sector, and the generation of revenue from government co-investments. 相似文献
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基于全生命周期评价的燃料乙醇能值分析——以木薯为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在生命周期理论框架下,引入能值分析方法,对燃料乙醇系统的3个阶段进行了能耗分析;把燃料乙醇生命周期过程中社会、经济、自然3个系统有机统一起来,定量分析自然和人类社会经济的真实价值;以木薯燃料乙醇为例,结果表明,木薯燃料乙醇生命周期能值转换率为1.10E+06seJ/J、生命周期能值产出率为1.03,生命周期能值环境负载率为40.9,生命周期能值投资率为32.6,生命周期能值可持续值为0.025。 相似文献
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由于甘蔗具有抗逆性强、能量效率高、生产成本高等优势,甘蔗制燃料乙醇在世界燃料乙醇生产、贸易中占据重要地位。我国利用甘蔗制燃料乙醇当前已具备充足的原料供应能力,成熟的育种技术、乙醇发酵、蒸馏技术,较好的经济效益,都使甘蔗燃料乙醇生产潜力巨大。因此,我国可以在未来5年内,利用我国现有甘蔗原料资源,打造年产能150万~200万t燃料乙醇、226亿kw·h绿色电力和100万t绿色肥料的新兴甘蔗乙醇产业群。 相似文献