营运资本政策的稳健性是否会受大股东社会资本的影响

文章基于“关系是形成社会资本的基础”这一思想,研究了我国 A 股上市公司大股东社会资本对公司营运资本政策稳健性的影响。实证研究发现,大股东社会资本数量与营运资本稳健性显著正相关,大股东社会资本对公司营运资本政策的稳健程度具有积极的正向影响;进而,不同关系强度的股东社会资本的治理效应不尽相同,强关系型社会资本较弱关系型社会资本更能促进利益协同效应的发挥。文章研究证实,大股东社会资本作为“隐形权力”的存在影响了“显性”的股权比例对营运资本政策的影响。     

国家级高新区人才政策效能评估——以武汉光谷、北京中关村、苏州工业园为例

对国内典型的三大高新区的人才政策进行文本分析,发现三个园区的福利性政策内容丰富,但结构基本一致,差异主要体现在政策力度上;然而,发展性政策的内容则显得较为单一。以一套科学的指标体系为框架,实证分析发现,三大园区的人才引进政策效果显著,其人才保有量大大增加;但是,在人才管理环节还存在一些问题,人才利用效率还有待提高,人才的规模效应以及产业转型的贡献还不明显,对此,为今后高新区的人才工作开展提供了建议与对策。     

我国政府在危机管理中的公共政策制定

目前,我国政府在处理危机的过程中还存在一些问题,需要建立一系列科学的危机预防和管理机制,使危机对社会的危害降到最低程度.     

The management of South Africa’s landfills and waste pickers on them: Impacting lives and livelihoods

Effective management of waste and the promotion and management of recycling activities are necessary for sustainable and liveable cities. A key but unrecognised element in promoting recycling is the efforts of waste pickers who make a living from recycling mainline recyclables. This article aims to describe the approaches used on 10 landfills in South Africa to manage waste pickers’ access to recyclables and their daily activities on the landfills. A multiple case study design and cross-case analysis were used in this study. The sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) was used to analyse and explain the data. The results showed that waste management policies and practices directly influence the waste pickers’ access to recyclable waste and their livelihoods. Finally, some inclusionary and exclusionary practices are highlighted that could guide inclusive, participatory and co-productive practices for waste pickers in South Africa towards increased recognition, access, dignity and income.     

Night watchman,extractive, or developmental states? Some evidence from late colonial south‐east Asia1

The article examines aspects of government policy in different parts of colonial south‐east Asia, and in nominally independent Siam (Thailand) in the first four decades of the twentieth century. The emphasis is on taxation and expenditure policies, and their implications for the development of infrastructure and also for the welfare of indigenous populations. Attention is also given to the impact of government regulation of both factor and product markets. On the basis of the empirical evidence, the article argues that the traditional view of the colonial state as a ‘night watchman’ was not applicable to most parts of south‐east Asia after 1900. Governments were increasingly involved in implementing policies that today would be considered developmental, including building infrastructure and improving access to secular education and modern health care for the indigenous populations. But given the resources that they had, or had the potential to mobilize, more could have been achieved.     

Who can work from home? The roles of job tasks and HRM practices

This paper examines the characteristics of remote work using a unique Japanese survey dataset that provides information on engagement in remote work together with the specific job tasks and human resource management (HRM) characteristics workers face. We show that the opportunity to work remotely was more likely to be available to those engaged in non-routine tasks as well as to workers subject to HRM practices presupposing that worker performance is measurable. The implications of these findings for income transfer policies and management practices in light of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.     

政策工具视角下突发公共卫生事件中社区应急管理政策文本分析

社区应急管理政策工具的选择和合理的使用搭配将有助于社区在突发公共卫生事件中更好地发挥作用，产生更好的政策效果。探究现阶段政府在制定社区应急管理政策中的特点与不足，对今后相关政策制定及应急管理政策体系优化具有重要参考价值。为此，选取2003—2021年颁布的18份国家层面的社区应急管理的政策文本，运用内容分析法从政策工具、应急管理维度对政策文本进行量化分析。研究发现，目前应急管理政策体系中供给型和环境型政策工具使用较为充分，需求型政策工具相对短缺，且存在政策工具内部分布不均的情况，同样应急管理维度下政策工具的运用与组合也存在不均衡。基于此，提出完善社区应急管理政策体系的建议。     

Managing urban growth in Lusaka,Zambia∗

The question of urban management is a key issue for policy makers in Africa. The objec‐tive in this paper is to analyse recent trends in the management of urban growth in Lu‐saka, Zambia. The Zambian urbanization experience is of a transition from constrained to unconstrained patterns of urbanization and of the imperative to dismantle the heritage of colonial policies. Lusaka's management performance with regard to the pro‐vision of shelter and services as well as work opportunities for an expanding population is investigated. It is argued that the experience of Lusaka underscores the urban management dilemmas of transcending the burden of past policies.     

Informal Sector Pollution Control: What Policy Options Do We Have?

In developing countries, urban clusters of informal firms such as brick kilns and leather tanneries can create severe pollution problems. These firms are, however, quite difficult to regulate for a variety of technical and political reasons. Drawing on the literature, this paper first develops a list of feasible environmental management policies. It then examines how these policies have fared in four independent efforts to control emissions from informal brick kilns in northern Mexico. The case studies suggest that: (a) conventional command and control process standards are generally only enforceable when buttressed by peer monitoring, (b) surprisingly, clean technologies can be successfully diffused even when they raise variable costs, in part because early adopters have an economic incentive to promote further adoption, (c) boycotts of “dirty” goods sold in informal markets are unenforceable, (d) well organized informal firms can block implementation of costly abatement strategies such as relocation and (e) private sector-led initiatives may be best suited for informal sector pollution control.     

日本认定农业者制度及其对我国的启示

日本认定农业者制度是旨在改善农业经营状况、推进农业规模经营、提高农业经营效率的重要农政改革措施。自1993年日本制定并推进该制度以来,政府对认定农业者重点实施了农业经营基础强化资金等低利融资制度、农地流转化对策及支援等措施,产生了良好的效果。研究、借鉴日本认定农业者制度对我国转变农业发展方式、培育家庭农场方面的启示意义。     

An economists' Manifesto on unemployment in the European Union

This Manifesto challenges a pernicious orthodoxy that has gripped Europe's policy makers. It is that demand and supply side policies must have different aims, that a limited number of supply side policies are to be devoted to fighting unemployment, and that demand management (and particularly monetary policy) is to be devoted solely to fighting inflation.We are confident that if our proposals are given proper attention by governments and monetary authorities, unemployment can be reduced significantly in a matter of a few years.     

CEO Overconfidence and Stock Price Crash Risk

This study examines the association between chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence and future stock price crash risk. Overconfident managers overestimate the returns to their investment projects and misperceive negative net present value (NPV) projects as value creating. They also tend to ignore or explain away privately observed negative feedback. As a result, negative NPV projects are kept for too long and their bad performance accumulates, which can lead to stock price crashes. Using a large sample of firms for the period 1993–2010, we find that firms with overconfident CEOs have higher stock price crash risk than firms with nonoverconfident CEOs. The impact of managerial overconfidence on crash risk is more pronounced when the CEO is more dominant in the top management team and when there are greater differences of opinion among investors. Finally, it appears that the effect of CEO overconfidence on crash risk is less pronounced for firms with more conservative accounting policies.     

Does top management quality promote innovation? Firm-level evidence from China

The human capital in management teams plays an increasingly important role in firms' governance and policies. We construct a comprehensive index of top management quality using a principal component analysis to empirically prove top management quality's positive impacts on corporate innovation. This study finds that higher-quality management teams tend to invest more in research and development projects and apply for more and higher-quality of patents. These results are consistent after conducting a series of robustness checks. We control for potential endogeneity using a firm fixed-effects model, the instrumental variable approach, and the propensity score-matching method. Three main channels are tested through which higher-quality top management teams will lead to higher innovation: higher tolerance for failure, easing of financial constraints, and more hiring of high-quality inventors. Finally, further analyses reveal that the positive effects of top management quality on innovation are more obvious for high-tech, state-owned, and growing enterprises.     

角色管理对服务质量影响的实证研究

文章从员工角色理论出发,提出从角色冲突,角色模糊,角色负荷三个维度来衡量角色管理对员工服务质量的影响作用,并提出相关假设及验证假设的理论模型。最后采用规范的研究方法与结构方程模型对样本数据和运行结果进行了分析和评价,最终得出至少在电力服务企业,缓解角色冲突、角色模糊、角色负荷的角色管理对其所提供的服务质量有不同程度正向的推动的作用,其中缓解角色模糊问题对服务质量影响最大。从而为服务企业的服务质量的改进和企业形象提升提供理论依据与实践模型。     

非公有制企业劳资冲突的根源及治理

中国非公有制企业的劳资冲突已成为企业界和理论界关注的热点问题。本文在描述非公有制企业劳资冲突的表现形式和基本特征的基础上,运用经济学和管理学的分析工具,从劳资利益对立、劳动力市场、家族管理、心理契约等方面对劳资冲突的根源进行了初步探讨,并提出了预防和治理冲突的政策措施。     

Macroprudential policy under high capital mobility: policy implications from an academic perspective

The paper explicates the issues raised for macroprudential regulation in a global economy with high capital mobility. The study surveys the recent literature and aims to translate the academic rationale for such policies, in which market imperfections lead to external effects that require policy interventions. The new economics of capital controls is addressed, in which capital flow management measures may be introduced to reduce financial market distortions or to help stabilize exchange rate movements in the face of other market distortions. The empirical literature on the effectiveness of such policies is surveyed.     

Assessing gender responsiveness of the Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation System in South Africa

There is growing recognition of the critical role that National Monitoring and Evaluation Systems can play in achieving sustainable development through enhancing effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of policies and programmes. The South African government legislated the Government-wide Monitoring and Evaluation System (GWMES) in 2009. The extent of gender responsiveness of the system has not been assessed yet gender mainstreaming ensures that gender needs, realities and issues are consistently and specifically considered in policies, programmes and projects. The study utilises data from document reviews and key informant interviews to assess gender mainstreaming in the National Evaluation Policy (NEP) and the GWMES using a gender diagnostic matrix. Results indicate that the GWMES and NEP rank low in most gender-mainstreaming dimensions. However, the study concludes that existing policies and institutional frameworks if well supported by multiple stakeholders are conducive for effective gender mainstreaming within the GWMES in South Africa.     

国内科技档案、科技报告和科学数据协同管理现状研究

科技档案、科技报告和科学数据作为科研项目的重要产出,加强协同管理对科技管理具有重要意义。从理论研究和实践工作两个方面进行梳理,探讨科技档案、科技报告和科学数据协同管理理论研究现状、政策标准及协同管理实践。当前,国内协同管理研究不多、协同管理政策较少、协同管理实践程度不一、科学数据管理实践偏少。下一步应加强资源协同管理研究和实践探索、加强政策标准协同、补足科学数据政策和实践短板。     

Export supply of New Zealand’s live rock lobster to Japan: an empirical analysis

This paper investigates the export supply behavior of live rock lobster from New Zealand (NZ) to Japan. Potential factors such as foreign and domestic prices, productive capacity, stochastic and deterministic seasonality, introduction of trade barriers and changes in management regulatory decisions were taken into consideration to construct the export supply function. Using a partial adjustment modeling (PAM) approach, it was found that lag supply, productive capacity, seasonality and time trend were significantly affecting the export supply behavior of live rock lobster. The NZ seafood industry as well as its fishing industry may find the findings from this study useful in formulating appropriate policies to sustain export market returns and maintain long term sustainability of the resource.