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1.
建立我国地方债制度的客观条件与实施策略构想   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
建立地方债制度是我国进一步深化财政体制和政府融资体系改革亟待解决的重大现实问题.目前建立地方债制度既有利也存在诸多不利条件.对此,可本着稳妥、谨慎的原则,从地方债的发行、管理及相关的配套改革等方面构建我国地方债制度,并针对发行地方债可能出现的负效应制定相应的解决措施.  相似文献   

2.
地方政府债务规模影响因素及化解对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
不断蔓延的欧洲债务危机,加重了各界对国家主权债务问题的担忧.而近期中国各级地方政府的债务问题,同样引人关注.尽管我国法律法规对地方政府举债限制比较严格,但这并不意味着地方政府债务规模合理.事实上,地方政府通过公开或隐蔽渠道,直接或间接地举借了大量债务.现在,地方政府债务风险在某些局部已经显现,潜在的风险也不可忽视.本文在分析中国地方政府债务规模后,提出了化解地方债务风险的对策.  相似文献   

3.
This paper analyzes the short- and long-run consequences of a natural disaster on children׳s education and health. The particular focus lies on variation in idiosyncratic shocks to households using housing damages caused by a super typhoon as a proxy. Relying on individual panel data and a setting in which typhoons are a relatively rare event, we find negative and persistent effects on children׳s education but no effects on children׳s health. Effects on education are likely driven by a shift in parental investments made to cope with the economic consequences of typhoon damages. Subgroup analysis suggests that results are stronger for girls, children with no older siblings, children from poor families, and families with no strong family or social network.  相似文献   

4.
申香华 《经济经纬》2015,(2):138-143
笔者以2008年~2011年沪深两市上市公司数据为样本,研究政府补助的债务融资效应,结果发现政府补助作为一种积极信号能显著增加企业的银行信贷资金规模,而且这种效应在民营企业比在国有企业更为显著。政府补助同时也能显著降低企业的信贷融资成本,国有产权性质能强化这一功能,从而导致政府补助降低融资成本的作用在国有控股企业比在民营企业更为突出。  相似文献   

5.
    
We develop a dynamic general-equilibrium framework in which growth is driven by skill-biased technology diffusion. The model incorporates leisure–labor decisions and human capital accumulation through education. We are able to reproduce the trends in income inequality and labor and skills supplies observed in the United States between 1969 and 1996. The paper also provides an explanation for why more individuals invest in human capital when the investment premium is going down, and why the skill-premium goes up when the skills supply is increasing.  相似文献   

6.
文章探讨了主要经济体以及全世界的长期财政前景。文章认为,如果当前的税率或政府的退休和卫生保健惠民工程没有发生变化,未来25年政府债务规模将在大多数发达经济体和许多新兴经济体中增长到危险和不可持续的水平。虽然对于主要的经济体来说,在经济增长不出现任何大的、出乎意料的负面震荡的情况下,危险区很可能还比较远,大约会发生在今后10~25年时间内,但如果允许政府债务继续增长,利率最终将上升,从而挤出生产性投资,降低经济增长率。严重的经济下滑有可能迅速推动政府债务水平上升到危险区间,并极大地增加爆发危机的可能性。因此,政策制定者现在就应该开始计划进程,将政府债务调整到可持续的轨道。当前计划中的预算削减应该延迟到2013~2015年执行,额外的预算削减措施也应该从2016年开始实行。此外,应该立刻在控制退休和医疗成本方面达成一致,认真解决这个威胁到增长的问题。  相似文献   

7.
欧债危机爆发后,有一种观点认为危机的原因是高福利。通过分析希腊债务危机与本国福利制度的关系,对比南北欧在危机中的不同表现,可以看出高福利制度只是债务危机的直接推手,欧债危机的发生还有其他原因。本文通过对北欧福利国家改革的历史考察以及这次债务危机中各国财政紧缩和福利改革措施的分析,探讨福利国家改革的走向和趋势。  相似文献   

8.
基于可流动性资产负债表的我国政府债务风险研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
沈沛龙  樊欢 《经济研究》2012,(2):93-105
政府资产是政府债务顺利偿还的基础,当政府资产低于其负债时,政府债务将面临一定风险,因此基于政府资产负债的视角,本文结合中国实际首先编制了一个简化的政府"可流动性资产"负债表,然后,分析了1998—2008年我国政府仅考虑直接债务时的政府债务风险,并且对2009—2010年的政府债务风险进行了分析。研究表明,2003—2006年因外汇储备急剧增长使我国政府债务风险总体较小且比较稳定,但因金融危机的爆发,我国政府债务风险在此期间前后的两次金融危机中都比较大,金融危机对政府债务风险的影响显著。研究还表明,积极的财政政策对短期降低政府债务风险具有明显效果,且1997年亚洲金融危机和2007年美国次贷危机对我国政府债务风险的影响具有相似性,即金融危机爆发后的几年内政府债务风险会因积极的财政政策而经历"大—小—大"的变化过程。最后,通过引入政府或有债务,分析了具有或有债务时的政府债务风险。本文认为,只要我国政府的或有债务规模不超过24万亿元人民币,则我国的政府债务风险较小。  相似文献   

9.
现实经济中存在公共债务具有可持续性时却发生政府违约的现象,本文在政府未来收支波动具有不确定性的假设下,建立一个政府与投资者的重复博弈模型以分析这一现象,研究发现:公共债务可持续性并不能完全排除政府违约风险,在政府未来基本盈余不确定的条件下,理性投资者愿意持有的公共债务水平远低于可持续的公共债务水平,两者的差异取决于政府对未来基本盈余的控制能力.  相似文献   

10.
    
This paper analyzes the welfare effects of unemployment insurance reforms in a general equilibrium incomplete market model. In particular, it decomposes the total welfare effect for each individual into different factors. I consider a model where the consumers face an uninsurable unemployment risk, can save in an interest-bearing asset, and are subject to a borrowing constraint. The labor market is modeled using a Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides style search and matching model. The decomposition exercises reveal how each factor contributes to the heterogeneity of welfare effects among different consumers.  相似文献   

11.
基尼系数组群分解新方法研究:从城乡二亚组到多亚组   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文尝试在程永宏(2006)的基尼系数城乡分解方法基础上,论证一种适合多亚组的基尼系数组群分解新方法。主要内容是:第一,分析了现有分解方法不完善的原因;第二,推导出不含交叠项的多亚组情形下的分解方法,摆脱了交叠项的困扰;第三,提出一个组间不平等新指标并论证其理论依据;第四,明确解释了分解式和组间不平等新指标的社会福利含义。  相似文献   

12.
As of the late 1990s, public spending on education in the US comprised approximately 7.1% of GDP; about 60% of that support was directed at K-12 education and the remainder at college education. We investigate the welfare and output implications of this spending in a theoretical model in which agents of differential innate ability choose whether to pursue higher education. Higher ability agents support greater expenditures at both the K-12 and college levels. When public education expenditures are low, all agents prefer that spending be directed solely to K-12 education; when expenditures are high, all prefer that some spending be allocated to college education.  相似文献   

13.
中国城镇贫困的变化趋势和模式:1988—2002   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文利用中国家庭收入项目(CHIP)调查数据,估计了1988—2002年中国城镇绝对贫困的变化趋势。根据CHIP调查数据所绘制的贫困发生曲线表明,不论把绝对贫困线确定在哪里,在该时期内中国城镇贫困都在显著减少。1988—1995年,收入分配不平等加剧,但此后基本保持稳定。分析收入和贫困决定因素的多元回归模型显示,教育、性别和中共党员等特征扩大了收入差异。来自政府反贫困措施的生活困难救助对减少城镇贫困影响很小。城镇贫困的缓解几乎完全归因于经济增长而非收入再分配。  相似文献   

14.
    
Using detailed micro-level income and expenditure data, we study the effects of monetary and government spending policy shocks on income and expenditure inequality in the US from 1990 to 2018. We find that expansionary monetary and government spending policy shocks systematically decrease income, disposable income and expenditure inequality. There is evidence of time variation on the effects and monetary policy and transfer payment shocks. Various impulse responses suggest that the impacts of the policy shocks increase during and after the Great Recession. The responses of income and expenditures of households at different percentiles suggest that expansionary monetary and government spending policy have a larger positive impact on households with low income and expenditures relative to those at the top of the distribution. We do not find evidence of the significant impact of Quantitative Easing policies on income inequality, however, expenditure inequality appear to increase due to the policies.  相似文献   

15.
The financial crisis from 2007 and, even more so, the Covid-19 pandemic caused large increases in public sector deficits and debts in many countries and prompted concern about fiscal adjustment. This paper examines fiscal adjustment to debt and deficits for a panel of 17 countries over 1870–2016 using the Jordà–Schularick–Taylor Macrohistory Database. This long span panel is informative since it contains many examples of large fiscal shocks similar to those recently experienced. The results from reduced-form models suggest that large deficits or surpluses tend to prompt stabilising feedbacks, mainly through changes in revenue, and there is greater pressure to adjust on countries running a deficit versus those running a surplus. However, the debt–GDP ratio prompts much less stabilising feedback by expenditure or revenue.1  相似文献   

16.
本文以我国上市公司1 999—2 0 0 3年的经验数据为样本,实证分析了地区市场化程度对当地企业债务期限结构的影响。结果表明,企业所在地的市场化程度越高,长期债务的比重越低。进一步分析发现,上述差异主要归因于政府对企业干预程度的不同。基于此,本文分析认为,当司法体系不能保证长期债务契约得以有效执行时,“政府关系”是一种重要的替代机制  相似文献   

17.
    
The paper considers the problem of comparing income distributions for heterogeneous populations. The first contribution of this paper is a precise dominance criterion combined with a simple algorithm for implementing the criterion. This criterion is shown to be equivalent to unanimity among utilitarian social planners whose objectives are compatible with given intervals of equivalence scales. The second contribution of the paper is to show that this criterion is equivalent to dominance for two different families of social welfare functions, one inspired by Atkinson and Bourguignon (in: G.R. Feiwel (Ed.), Arrow and Foundation of the Theory of Economic Policy, Macmillan, London, 1987), in which household utility is a general function of income and needs, and a second family inspired by Ebert (Soc. Choice Welfare 16 (1999) 233), in which household utility is a function of equivalent incomes. Finally, we extend our results to the case where the distributions of needs differ between the two populations being compared.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

As the population aging, China’s government expenditures, including general fiscal expenditure, healthcare and social security expenditure, will grow more rapidly than government revenues, tending to elevate government debt. Local governments undertake overwhelming 85% of total general fiscal revenue and are responsible for healthcare and social security, and their debt has been growing. Fiscal reforms are imperative, including tax reforms, the structure of government spending reforms, social security reforms, healthcare reforms, local public finance reforms, and central and local government’s fiscal relationship reforms. This paper will explore the fiscal challenges China faces and discuss how to reform the fiscal system to cope with these challenges.  相似文献   

19.
    
There are large research, policy, and economic gaps between the ways US researchers and policy makers address the work/family bind amongst middleclass professionals and poor lone mothers. This is clearly seen in US welfare reform, an important piece of work/family legislation in the 1990s. The new rules make the work/family binds worse for low-income, poor mothers and do not alleviate poverty. With its clear expectation that poor mothers be employed, the legislation opens up new avenues to revamp low-wage work for breadwinners and to socialize the costs of caring for family. Closing the literature gap may help to close the policy gap, which, in turn, would promote more income equality.  相似文献   

20.
财政分权视角下的地方政府债务研究:一个综述   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12  
本文通过在财政分权的框架下对地方政府债务的成因、影响、管控的相关理论分析和经验研究的梳理,总结了较为成熟的财政联邦经济体在地方债务管理实践中的经验教训,同时,也对正处于分权化改革当中的转型国家的地方政府债务问题进行了总结,并最终落脚到中国的地方政府债务问题上来。中国的地方政府债务问题因与分税制度不完善、地方官员激励扭曲、地方融资平台不规范、宏观调控和财政政策需要等问题联系在一起而更加错综复杂,需要在借鉴已有研究的基础上结合中国的现实制度特征做进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

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