能源生产率差异与收敛：基于省际面板数据的实证分析

本文首先对收敛问题的几种常用分析方法进行了梳理,然后对1986～2006年中国地区间能源生产率差异进行σ收敛和β收敛分析。研究表明,中国地区间能源生产率的总体差异并没有呈现出显著的σ收敛,而是表现为不同的阶段性特征。东、中、西部地区能源生产率收敛特征各异:东部地区差异缩小且较为稳定,中部地区经过小幅波动后也趋于收敛,而西部地区差异呈现出三个先扩大后缩小的"倒U型"特征。绝对β收敛和条件β收敛模型研究表明,中国地区间能源生产率总体差异正在逐步缩小,巩固和发展这一趋势尚任重道远。     

中国城市经济效率的时空分异及其影响因素研究

基于2005~2014年地级及以上城市市辖区数据,定量分析了中国280个市辖区范围的城市经济效率时空演变特征,并探讨城市经济效率的影响因素。结果表明:城市经济效率得分不高,变化幅度不大;城市规模效益梯度比较明显;城市经济效率与城市行政级别格局一致;区域差异较小并且呈现缩小趋势,省内差异贡献明显大于省间差异贡献;城市经济效率的空间格局比较稳定,形成了辽中南、京津冀、山东半岛、长三角、珠三角等"群"状分布高值区域,以群内核心城市为中心,与群内较高、中等城市经济效率城市共同组成"核心—边缘"空间格局,而低水平城市则成片分布于中部和西部地区;所选6个因素对城市经济效率均有正向影响,其中城市规模、投资强度、区域联系的影响程度居前3位;地理区位差异是客观因素,要素禀赋是初始因素,而投资强度、区域创新投入等是直接因素。     

我国税收征管效率及其影响因素——基于随机前沿分析(SFA)技术的实证研究

本文基于SFA方法并利用省际面板数据,对我国税收征管效率及其影响因素进行了实证分析.研究发现:①1997～2005年各地区税收征管效率都呈上升趋势,总体效率提高约19个百分点,这从征管角度揭开了"税收超GDP增长"之谜.但我国税收征管效率水平总体仍不高,虽然地区间征管效率差距较大,但其呈现出收敛趋势;②提高税务机构女性工作人员比重有助于征管效率的提高,36～45岁年龄段的工作人员在税收征管中有更高的效率;经济发展水平对征管效率有正效应,但其效应比较弱.适度减少税务机构人员数量可以提高税收征管效率.     

中国城市碳排放效率动态演进、区域差异及空间收敛性

运用Super-SBM模型测度中国284个地级城市的碳排放效率，从时空维度分析城市碳排放效率的演变和分异特征，采用Dagum基尼系数法对城市碳排放效率的区域差异进行测算和分解，通过构建绝对/条件β收敛模型考察其收敛性。研究发现，2009—2020年，中国地级城市碳排放效率呈现“先下降—后上升”的“U”型发展趋势，在空间上具有明显的“小分散大集聚”的俱乐部特征。在区域差异上，东中西部、南北方的区域间差异均呈现扩大趋势。东中西部地区碳排放效率区域间差异的来源由超变密度向三者相对均衡的状态转变，南北方地区碳排放效率区域间差异主要由区域内差异贡献。全国城市、东中西和南北区域碳排放效率均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛，中部地区收敛速度较快，西部地区收敛速度相对较慢，低碳技术创新、创业活跃度、工业发展规模、基础设施建设水平和财政分权水平对碳排放效率变化率的影响存在显著的差异性。     

数字经济对我国区域协调发展的影响研究——基于经济增长收敛视角的分析

经济增长收敛是协调区域发展、助力共同富裕的重要条件。基于经济增长收敛分析框架,使用全国267个地级市2011—2020年的面板数据,探析数字经济对我国区域经济增长收敛性的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,数字经济能够显著促进我国城市经济增长并加速促进地区经济增长收敛,缩小地区间经济发展差距。机制分析表明,数字经济可以通过提高创新发展能力、改善资本要素错配情况来促进落后地区经济增长,助力区域协调发展。同时,数字经济在促进区域经济增长收敛时呈现明显的地理空间差异和政府财政能力差异,对西部、北方、非沿海城市和财政自给率较低的城市经济增长收敛效应更加显著。应继续推进数字基础设施建设,大力发展数字经济,以促进区域经济协调增长助力全国统一大市场构建。     

数字经济背景下长三角城市韧性差异分解及驱动因素研究

基于2011—2019年长三角地区41个地级市数据，采用Dagum基尼系数测算了长三角地区城市韧性及其子系统韧性的地区差距，并运用二次指派程序(QAP)对其进行实证分析。研究表明：长三角地区经济韧性差距总体呈现出下降—上升趋势，而社会、生态及城市韧性差距总体呈现出上升—下降—上升趋势，不同韧性视角下各省内部地区差距明显，地区间差距是构成各韧性总体差距的主要来源。QAP回归结果表明，数字经济发展水平对于缩小不同城市韧性及其子系统地区差距具有显著正向作用；分时期结果表明，相较于“十二五”规划时期“十三五”规划时期的数字经济发展水平对缩小城市韧性地区差距具有边际递减效应，但正向影响依旧显著。     

税收优惠政策与高技术产业创新效率

研究目标：分析税收优惠政策对创新效率的影响以及创新效率的收敛性,测度税收优惠政策对创新带来的实际贡献。研究方法：构建随机前沿模型测度高技术产业的创新效率,采用σ收敛和β收敛检验方法检验创新效率收敛性,并采用反事实计量方法测度税收优惠政策对创新带来的实际贡献。研究发现：税收优惠政策对研发效率有显著正影响,对市场转化效率的影响为正但不显著,政策实施后效率分布也更集中;研发效率的收敛主要是由东中西地区内部之间差距的缩小造成的,而市场转化效率的收敛是由三大地区内部差距的缩小以及中西部和东部地区的差距缩小共同造成的;税收优惠政策使研发效率大约上升了8%～10%,带来的创新产出占总产出的比重也一直维持在10%以上。研究创新：从效率水平和收敛性两个角度来定量分析税收优惠政策对创新效率的影响。研究价值：为更好地采取措施提高创新效率和减小地区创新效率差距提供经验证据。     

低碳城市试点政策对城市绿色创新效率的影响——来自长三角地区的经验证据

基于2000—2020年长三角地区41个城市的面板数据，采用Super-SBM模型分析了城市绿色创新效率的时空演变趋势，在此基础上，运用空间渐进双重差分模型揭示了低碳城市试点政策对城市绿色创新效率的影响效应及其时空异质性。研究发现：(1)2000—2020年，长三角地区城市绿色创新效率整体呈现上升态势，绿色创新效率的空间辐射模式由“圈层扩散”向“多核心轴带扩散”转变。(2)低碳城市试点政策显著提升了长三角地区试点城市的绿色创新效率，且政策效应可持续5年，研究结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。(3)低碳城市试点的政策效应存在空间溢出效应，本城市的低碳治理将对地理相邻和经济相邻的城市溢出“制度红利”,且对地理相邻城市的绿色创新效率具有更强的激励效应。(4)低碳城市试点政策对城市绿色创新效率的激励效应和空间溢出效应受到城市资源环境属性和绿色创新效率属性的影响，其在非资源城市和高效率城市中更为显著。     

中国OFDI来源的区域差异分解与影响因素

根据中国2003-2011年对外直接投资业绩指数的省际数据,采用Dagum(1997)的方法测算了中国OFDI来源的地区差异及演变态势,并利用中国省际面板数据实证检验影响OFDI的因素。研究发现,中国OFDI来源的区域差异总体呈缩小趋势,地区内差距的贡献率比较平稳,地区间差距的贡献率呈现先递减后递增的趋势,但地区间差距一直都是地区差异的主要原因,而超变密度贡献率呈现先递减后递增的趋势。进一步的FGLS估计结果表明能源需求的增加、平均工资的上涨以及出口规模的扩大,是影响OFDI的主要因素,且东、中、西三个区域影响OFDI的因素是不同的。     

数字经济发展缩小了城乡居民收入差距吗?

缩小城乡居民收入差距是加快农业农村现代化的基本要义,也是不断实现人民对美好生活的向往的本质要求.数字经济发展有利于优化产业结构、促进产业融合发展和缩小城乡"数字鸿沟"等,进而使城乡居民收入差距趋于收敛.基于2013 ～2019年中国30个省份的数据,考察数字经济发展与城乡居民收入差距关系,研究显示:数字经济发展与城乡居民收入差距呈"U"型关系,且在东部、中部、西部和东北地区存在区域异质性.其中,中部和西部地区为缩小效应,东部地区有略微扩大效应,东北地区效应不明显.鉴于此,各地应大力发展数字经济,加快产业数字化转型,努力缩小城乡"数字鸿沟",实施差异化数字经济发展策略,助力缩小城乡居民收入差距.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。