经济增长对教育投入作用各区域的差异分析 ——基于多指标面板数据聚类结果

《义务教育法》颁布以来,中国政府加大对教育的投入.文章收集31个省近10年数据,运用聚类分析、面板数据等方法,具体分析各地区教育投入及经济发展水平的异同.研究发现:不同的经济基础,影响地区对教育投入的力度.一般来说,经济基础较好、居民文化素质较高的省份,教育投入对GDP缺乏弹性.但中西部9个省份教育与经济消极互动,教育...     

我国农业可持续发展水平的聚类评价——基于2000—2009年省域面板数据的实证分析

农业可持续发展是社会经济可持续发展的重要基础。本文根据经济、社会、资源、环境四个评价维度及22个指标,通过因子分析提取反映农业可持续发展的主要因子,将加权总因子转换为可持续发展绩效,在此基础上利用系统聚类对我国31个省域数据进行聚类分析。聚类结果显示出四个不同的农业可持续发展层次:华东主要省份农业可持续发展绩效较好,华中、华南及华北地区发展绩效次之,东北、西南部分省份排名第三,西北部分省份发展绩效较差。四类农业可持续发展层次的差异产生于农业系统内经济、社会、资源、环境各子系统协同耦合的差异。本文从四个子系统的角度分析了我国区域间农业可持续发展产生差异的原因,并给出相应政策建议。     

基于省际面板数据的房地产市场非均衡实证分析

本文从25个省际数据出发,通过建立3个不同特征的面板模型,考察房地产价格对房地产市场非均衡的影响及其省际差异。由于行业本身特征与公共政策的时滞效应,未来控制的方向在于正确引导消费者对价格的理性预期,建立与完善经济预警机制.     

中等收入阶段城镇化和工业化的协调及其影响指标研究——基于长三角城市群面板数据

城镇化和工业化相互依存,互动融合发展。本文以长三角城市群为研究对象,选取2001-2011年期间城镇化和工业化相关指标数据,首先利用变异系数构建协调发展度模型测定两者之间的协调水平;然后以协调发展度为解释变量,利用面板数据分析两者协调发展的影响指标;并进一步对城市进行协调分类,利用混合回归模型探究不同协调水平类型的影响指标。最后,结合实证结果提出区别类型、分类治理,人口、空间城镇化同步发展,大力发展第三产业,公共资源配置均等化,重视环境资源保护等举措来推进两者间的协调发展。     

基于语义聚类的创意价值评估指标提炼与体系构建

通过搜集创意大赛公告文本,运用语义聚类方法提炼创意评价指标,构建了由5个一级指标、13个二级指标构成的创意价值评估指标体系,该体系分别从新颖性、表观性、功能性、环保性、可行性5大方面测算创意综合价值。该创意价值评估指标体系在经过算式化后,特别适用于创意爆炸时代对海量创意价值的快速评估,进而有助于从中快速发现和筛选高价值创意。     

基于省市面板数据的我国居民消费制约因素分析

文章运用1997—2010年中国30个省(除西藏)、自治区、直辖市城乡面板数据,分别对我国城镇和农村居民消费影响因素建立随机效应模型进行比较分析,得出收入是当期消费的决定性因素,但对城镇居民影响更大;物价指数(CPI)也是影响居民消费的原因,但对城镇和农村居民作用的方式不一样,无论城镇还是农村居民都能容忍较高的通胀水平(5%);高房价抑制了城镇居民的消费,医疗保健支出制约我国特别是农村地区居民的消费。通过消费、收入、GDP、财政收入增速的对比分析,进一步得出政府收入与居民收入的失衡是我国居民消费不足的原因之一。在所得基本结论的基础上,提出了扩大居民消费的相应政策建议。     

基于面板数据的长三角城市群利益影响因素研究

长三角一体化的深入发展使区域内城市面临着复杂的利益冲突,以长三角21个地级市为样本,采用面板数据模型和聚类分析方法,分析城市群利益的主要影响因素。研究表明:市场化、政府行政垄断以及制造业因素促进城市发展;服务业与城市化因素相辅相成,需要结合各类城市制造业发展水平综合分析对城市利益的影响;生态环境因素对城市经济的影响与城市工业化水平呈倒U型曲线。     

外资对产业结构演变的影响——基于深圳市面板数据的实证分析

利用1979—2011年深圳市三次产业的实际利用外资总额和三次产业总值,构建变系数固定效应面板数据模型,分析深圳市的实际利用外资额对其三次产业结构的影响。结果表明:外资对三次产业产值的增长均有正向影响,但影响程度存在差异,即对第一产业产值的影响较小、对第三产业产值的影响最大。     

基于非平稳面板数据的生产函数估计

文章应用最近发展的非平稳面板数据的单位根和协整检验方法来估计地区生产函数,研究结果表明我国的地区宏观经济变量都是非平稳的面板数据,并且各个变量之间存在面板协整关系,同时对生产函数估计的结果也和经济理论比较一致。     

中国商业银行特许权价值:基于面板数据的实证研究

银行特许权价值(FV)与银行的冒险动机密切相关,FV高的银行因珍惜其FV,避免破产后被吊销执照,会自动采取审慎的经营战略;反之,FV低的银行则冒险动机强烈,导致银行失败的可能性更大。实证研究表明,国内商业银行单位资本的特许权价值(UBFV)虽然较原先有所改善,并逐渐提高,但取值仍然不高,特别是国有商业银行的UBFV还在零值附近徘徊。这揭示了中国商业银行缺乏自律动机,冒险违规事件屡屡出现的内在原因。中国商业银行只有在金融全球化、一体化的浪潮中准确把握自身优势与不足,努力提高FV,抑制过度冒险冲动,实现审慎经营,才能在全球竞争中立于不败之地。     

Reinterpreting the performance of immigrant wages from panel data

Immigrants differ from the native born in terms of unobserved factors, such as motivation, and observed factors, including those related to the interruption of labour market activity and earning capacity, which may bias estimates of immigrant integration. Using panel data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, we show that using potential experience, rather than actual experience, exaggerates estimates of the disruption and recovery caused by immigration. More importantly, we find support for omitted variables bias, arising from unobserved fixed effects. Instrumental variable estimates for both pooled and separate samples of immigrant and native born men demonstrate a wage disadvantage for immigrants upon entry that persists through their lifetime. Standard estimates of a modest wage advantage for the children of immigrants also suffer from omitted variables bias arising from unobservables. Contrary to most of the literature to date, our instrumental variable estimates which allow for unobservable fixed effects suggest that immigrants never catch up to otherwise comparable native born workers, but their children do just as well. We would like to thank Statistics Canada for permitting access to the data and solving associated technical problems, the Prairier Centre for Research on Immigration and Integration for financial assistance, and Peter Schnabl for excellent research assistance. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the 10th International Conference on Panel Data in Berlin, July 5–6, 2002. The authors take sole responsibility for errors, omissions and interpretation of the data.     

The persistence of innovation: a panel data investigation on manufacturing firms

This paper represents a contribution to empirical debate on the persistence of innovation in the firm, by exploiting an innovative panel database that, for the first time, links three waves of the Italian Community Innovation Survey with an administrative data source providing economic and financial information for firms in the Italian manufacturing sector, 1996–2003. By using both a dynamic logistic model and a Granger causality approach, we show that in order to innovate successfully it is much more important to have an adequate flow of profits during an appropriate time span rather than high profits only during one period before innovation. Our causality tests prove the existence of a dynamic interaction between innovation and profitability: successful innovation can, in the short run, generate the profitability conditions that can then enhance the financial resources needed to reinvest in new technological opportunities, thus causing the firm to persist in its innovative behaviour. We have also shown that another important source of persistence is represented by past innovative experience. A firm with consolidated innovative behaviour would have a higher probability of future successful innovation with respect to a firm that occasionally (or accidentally) innovates. Persistence in innovation enables a firm to take advantage of substantial technological and organizational learning effects, which improve with time.     

Renewable energy innovations in Europe: a dynamic panel data approach

We investigate the determinants of renewable energy R&D intensity and the impact of renewable energy innovations on firm performance, using several dynamic panel data models. We estimate these models using a large data set of European firms from 19 different countries, with some patenting activity in areas related to renewable energies during the 1987 to 2007 period. Our results confirm our priors on the determinants of the rapid development of renewable energy R&D intensity during the past decades. Additionally, we find evidence that renewable patent intensity has a significant dynamic impact on the stock market value of firms.     

Modeling corner solutions with panel data: Application to the industrial energy demand in France

This paper provides an empirical application of Lee and Pitts (1986) approach to the problem of corner solutions in the case of panel data. This model deals with corner solutions in a manner consistent with the firm behavior theory while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. In this model, energy demand at industrial plant level is the result of a discrete choice of the type of the energy to be consumed and a continuous choice that defines the level of demand. The econometric model is, essentially, an endogenous switching regime model which requires the evaluation of multivariate probability integrals. We estimate the random effect model by maximum likelihood using a panel of industrial French plants from the paper and pulp industry. We calculate empirical price elasticities of energy demand from the model. We also study the effects on energy demand of an environmental policy aimed at reducing CO₂ emissions. The authors are grateful to the Institut Français de eEnergie for its financial support and to the SESSI for providing the data. We would like to thank two anonymous referees for useful comments and suggestions. the usual disclaimer applies.     

The growth of university spin-offs: a dynamic panel data approach

Evidence suggests that a significant percentage of the university spin-offs (USOs) have a low growth capacity, putting in question the use of public funds to promote this kind of entrepreneurship. In addition, previous studies of the USOs’ growth have not dealt with the dynamic nature of firm growth, which might have led to questionable results. This paper analyses whether the university origin of a firm conditions its growth by applying a methodology which captures this dynamic nature of growth. Using a sample of 469 Spanish USOs and an equivalently matched group of 469 Spanish non-USOs over the period 2001–2010, we find that USOs have more growth than non-USOs, both in terms of sales and employment. In addition, the USOs’ growth is influenced by a set of determinants that differ from those of non-USOs. On the basis of the results, we propose some policies to foster the USOs.     

The returns to general experience,job and occupational tenure: a study using Australian panel data

This article uses Australian panel data for the years 2001–2009 to estimate returns to general experience, job and occupational tenure. We pay particular attention to issues of unobserved heterogeneity bias in our estimations. We find that both general experience and occupational tenure have statistically and numerically significant effects on wage outcomes, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Job tenure on the other hand only seems to matter in OLS regressions that do not control for heterogeneity biases. Once these biases are controlled for, only a modest effect from job tenure remains. The inclusion of occupational tenure in the estimating equation tends to negate even this modest job tenure effect. The only exception to this is for workers in large organizations. For these workers a small but statistically significant effect from job tenure remains, even once we have controlled for heterogeneity and included occupational tenure in the estimating equation. The results reported in this article have implications for the various theories of the labour market that predict upward-sloping wage-job-tenure profiles.     

Geopolitical risks and recessions in a panel of advanced economies: evidence from over a century of data

This paper uses a panel of 17 advanced countries over the annual period of 1899–2013, to analyze for the first time, the role played by geopolitical risks in predicting recessions. After controlling for other standard predictors based on a logit model, we find that while aggregate geopolitical risks do not have any predictive ability, geopolitical acts enhance the probability of future recessions, with geopolitical threats reducing the same.     

Factors affecting trade in services: evidence from panel data

In the course of economic development, nations have typically progressed through stages in which agriculture, then manufacturing and, finally, services predominate. Concerns around the sustainability of manufacturing and goods export-led growth raise the importance of trade in services. In the context of a panel model, controlling for the factors that determine trade in general, we examine the determinants of trade in services in a sample of 46 countries over the decade 2004–2015. We find an ambiguous pattern of effects from institutional quality but strong evidence of the importance of trade in goods for trade in services.     

Nonlinear models with panel data

Panel data play an important role in empirical economics. With panel data one can answer questions about microeconomic dynamic behavior that could not be answered with cross sectional data. Panel data techniques are also useful for analyzing cross sectional data with grouping. This paper discusses some issues related to specification and estimation of nonlinear models using panel data.JEL Classification: C230The research behind this paper was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Gregory C. Chow Econometric Research Program at Princeton University, and Danish National Research Foundation (through CAM at the University of Copenhagen). The author thanks Ekaterini Kyriazidou, Hong Li, Marina Sallustro, and the editors for helpful suggestions.     

Locally adjusted LM test for spatial dependence in fixed effects panel data models

Lee and Yu (2010) propose spatial panel data models with one-way and two-way fixed effects. Debarsy and Ertur (2010) construct LM (Lagrange multiplier) and LR (likelihood ratio) tests in the one-way fixed effects model. He and Lin (2012) derive LM tests in the two-way fixed effects model. To guard against possible local misspecification, in this paper we apply Bera and Yoon (1993) principle, and construct locally adjusted (robust) LM tests for spatial dependence in both one-way and two-way fixed effects models. Monte Carlo experiment is carried out to show the advantage of using robust LM tests over the corresponding marginal and conditional versions.