On the persistence of job creation in old and new firms

We analyze the persistence of new jobs in new and old firms. This measure assesses the sustainability of job creation in different circumstances. We find that new jobs in Austria last significantly longer in new than in old firms.     

On semi-industrialized countries and the acquisition of advanced technological capabilities

The last decades have witnessed a breaking down of the hitherto quasi-monopoly in industrial and technological development held by highly industrialized countries. Man-made changes in comparative advantage due to rapid accumulation of human capital, development of technical institutions and public policies in support of enterprise development and innovation, have led to the emergence of advanced technical capabilities in a number of semi-industrialized countries. Study of selected instances of their technological achievement shows that they cannot be adequately interpreted as necessarily requiring the working of a well-integrated national innovation system. They seem to be instead path, or process, dependent and determined by the circumstantial convergence of requisite skills, appropriate institutions and supportive public policies.     

On the persistence of corruption

This paper tries to answer the question why the phenomenon of corruption seems to be inherently existent in any society. The dynamic model presented shows how rational agents may generate multiple equilibria of corruption within the same kind of socio-economic system. We assume that the individual disutility caused by the loss of reputation from a corrupt transaction depends on the acceptance of corrupt behavior by the representative individual. Depending on the values of some key parameters like the marginal utility of corrupt behavior and the initial acceptance of corruption a completely corrupt equilibrium where all people completely accept corruption or a completely honest equilibrium where corruption is not accepted at all may be the limit state of the optimal path. Also inner equilibria in-between exist; however, they are always unstable.     

新技术市场化商业模式设计--基于结构与情景视角

大量实践表明,新技术市场化成功的一个必要条件是设计并执行相匹配的新商业模式。然而,关于商业模式的性质与结构至今仍未达成共识,至于如何为特定的技术创新设计新商业模式的理论更是匮乏。针对上述问题,基于“价值定位-价值创造与保持-价值获取”的商业逻辑和系统设计思想,提出较完整的双层商业模式设计体系,并提出基于情景的多阶段商业模式设计过程,有助于创新者更好理解从技术创新中获利的一系列条件、商业模式的性质与结构,及如何探索新的商业模式,从而提高新技术市场化成功率。     

On the dynamics of inflation persistence around the world

We study the dynamics of inflation persistence in 45 countries for the period 1960–2008 using a recently developed test for multiple changes in persistence, which decomposes the sample information between adjacent I (0) and I (1) periods. We find that: (i) inflation persistence and average inflation tend to fall and rise at the same time; (ii) in some countries there are changes in the level of inflation which do not seem to be related to changes in inflation persistence; (iii) around half of the countries analyzed do not present any burst of I (1) behavior, and hence have stationary inflation throughout; (iv) for the other half, we detect switches of the type I (0) ? I (1) ? I (0), hence, inflation persistence, when it has occurred, has been temporal; and, (v) for about half of the countries in which inflation has presented I (1) behavior, persistent inflation lasted more than a decade. In addition, we find that in the last 50 years there have been mainly two episodes where long bursts of I (1) inflation took place simultaneously among groups of countries. In general, the “Great Inflation” occurred during the seventies and eighties in advanced economies, whereas it occurred during the eighties and nineties in emerging economies, particularly in Latin America.     

Early adopters of new supermarket products

New goods and expanding product variety are thought to provide enormous welfare gains. New products can influence the pricing of competing products, but often the most important way that new products improve the welfare is through their direct consumption value. The demographic profile of the buyers of new goods suggests those welfare gains are unequally distributed. For supermarket products in the US, expenditures on new goods are disproportionately concentrated among high earners and younger consumers.     

复杂产品技术能力增长机理研究

本文首先从知识观角度对企业技术能力的增长进行了细致分析,建立了企业技术能力增长的一般过程模型。在此基础上,对复杂产品技术能力增长的几个主要特殊问题作了详细的探讨,初步揭示了复杂产品技术能力增长的基本规律。     

生态化技术创新机制研究

本文通过分析技术创新与可持续发展的相互关系,得出企业的技术创新行为必须以人类社会的可持续发展为根本目标,即生态化技术创新的观点,并在探讨传统技术创新机制局限性的基础上,提出了新的生态化技术创新机制。     

On the alternative explanations of persistence of unemployment in the OECD countries

This paper begins with a summary statement of a few relevant facts about the worsening state of unemployment since the mid-1970s in the OECD countries. A joint statistical test of the hypotheses of the natural rate, hysteresis, and the persistence is conducted by pooling annual data (1963-93) from up to 16 OECD countries. The results provide strong evidence in support of the persistence hypothesis and the non-linearity of the Phillips curve while concurrently rejecting the other two alternative explanations.     

On the long-run evolution of technological knowledge

This paper revisits the debate about the appropriate differential equation that governs the evolution of knowledge in models of endogenous growth. We argue that the assessment of the appropriateness of an equation of motion should not only be based on its implications for the future, but that it should also include its implications for the past. We maintain that the evolution of knowledge is plausible if it satisfies two asymptotic conditions: Looking forwards, infinite knowledge in finite time should be excluded, and looking backwards, knowledge should vanish towards the beginning of time (but not before). Our key results show that, generically, the behavior of the processes under scrutiny is either implausible in the past and plausible in the future, or vice versa, or implausible at both ends of the time line.We would like to thank Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden, seminar participants at the University of Mannheim, two anonymous referees, and the editor for helpful comments. Andreas Irmen likes to express his gratitude to CESifo, Munich, for financial support and its hospitality. JEL Classification Numbers: O11, O31, O40     

关于加快发展现代循环农业的思考

现代农业在大发展的同时,出现了耕地减少、淡水短缺、生态环境恶化等资源环境承载能力问题,农业也要按照建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的要求,以循环经济理念调整优化产业结构,加快推进农业科技创新,以"九节一减",资源综合循环利用和农业生态环境保护为重点,研发和推广应用农业节约型技术,减少农业面源污染、农业废弃物资源性等环保技术,促进农业可持续发展。     

A study on the relationship between technology diffusion and new product diffusion

This study investigates the relationship between “technology diffusion” and “new product diffusion”. We define “technology diffusion” as a knowledge spillover process, which is represented by patent citation, and “new product diffusion” as the spread of a new product that has been developed by the application of patented technology. To investigate the relationship between the two types of diffusion, we use patent citation data of code division multiple access (CDMA) technology and market sales data of mobile phones in South Korea for the analysis. The results show that the diffusion of technology through patent citation could be successfully explained by empirical analysis, for which the Bass diffusion model was used. Moreover, we can find out if technology diffusion can be the leading indicator of a new product's diffusion before its launching; in other words, before the commercialization of the patent.     

东盟五国农特产品加工业技术创新能力研究——基于专利信息分析的视角

通过检索新加坡、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、泰国及越南这东盟五国在国际专利分类号为C13(糖类产品制备技术)、A23F(茶叶产品制备技术)、A22(畜禽产品制备技术)和A01G(果蔬等栽培及设施技术)这4个农特产品加工技术领域的专利数据,统计其专利申请总量、领域分布、国别申请情况及年度变化趋势。在此基础上,对五国农特产品加工业的技术创新能力进行研究和评价。最后提出我国农特产品加工业在对东盟贸易中的技术创新目标及相应的专利战略。     

试论工程技术方法的功能和作用

工程技术方法是工程实践活动产生和发展的重要条件,是联系科学与实践以及工程主体与客体的中介和桥梁,是认识和改造复杂事物的有效工具,是改变人类思维方式和实践方式的强大牵引阀。     

On the incentives to provide fuel-efficient automobiles

We argue that the provision of more fuel-efficient cars necessitates specific aerodynamic shapes. We show that the presence of this technological constraint may reduce the incentives to provide fuel efficiency. In equilibrium, cars become more similar and aerodynamic as fuel prices increase. However, the provided level of fuel efficiency falls short of the social optimal one such that a fuel-economy standard is welfare-enhancing.     

科技创新促进长株潭经济增长的微观机理研究

经济与科技是现代社会的两大杠杆,科技创新与经济增长有着密切的内生联系。本文通过分析科技创新对长株潭经济增长的微观传导机制与促进区域经济持续增长的科技创新机制进行分析,得出结论：科技创新是区域经济高速增长的内生驱动器,加快构建长株潭一体经济快速增长的科技创新孵化体系,加大科技投入、扶持企业自主创新、发挥产业集群的协同优势、增强聚集效应、创造科技创新扩散机制是长株潭经济增长的必然选择。     

工程技术经济分析在现代工业工程中的基础作用

就目前中国社会经济发展状况而言,现代工业工程的范畴十分广泛,不仅包括管理学的内容,也包括运筹学和经济 学的内容。就现代工业工程的实际状况来说,最为关键的内容就在于工业工程的工程技术经济分析,它不仅直接关系到工业 工程本身的成败,而且也极大地影响着与工业工程有关的诸多因素的良性发展。     

论专利产品平行进口问题的法律实质

专利产品平行进口问题的法律实质在于物权和专利权谁优先保护的问题。从竞争法角度来探索权利用尽原则和地域性原则的理论冲突将为我国专利产品平行进口的相关立法提供有益的思路。