新贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

在传统贸易壁垒作用日益减弱的今天,技术壁垒、绿色壁垒、社会壁垒等新型的非关税壁垒已成为我国外贸发展的主要障碍。新贸易壁垒有具体成因,并已对我国的外贸产生了许多影响,要突破新贸易壁垒必须在积极推广使用国际标准等方面采取相应的对策。     

Impact of trade cost on China-EU agri-food trade

In this research, we investigate trade costs in relation to China-EU trade in agri-food products during 2001–2015. Major components of trade cost include transportation costs, border-related policy barriers such as tariffs, and local distribution costs. Our results indicate that trade costs between China and EU involving agri-food products, although falling, remain abnormally high. Consequently, we find that trade cost reductions contribute to over half of the overall China-EU trade growth. Our decomposition technique demonstrates that economic growth and trade cost reductions are the key drivers of China-EU trade expansion. Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) would reduce high trade costs to increase EU-China bilateral agricultural trade significantly. This is not fully captured in the gravity models where a static distance is usually used as a proxy to trade cost. The BRI will not reduce the distance, but it will cut transportation and other components of trade cost for China-EU trade.     

Vertical trade and free trade agreements

We investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on tariffs and welfare in vertical trade. We consider a three-country model, where an FTA is formed between a country exporting a final good and a country exporting an intermediate good. The FTA unambiguously leads to a reduction in the member country’s tariff, but may cause the non-member country’s tariff level to increase. In the case, where FTA raises the non-member country’s tariff level, the FTA increases that country’s welfare. In contrast, the FTA may render its member countries better off. This result implies that the formation of an FTA may not always be Pareto-improving.     

绿色贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响与对策

绿色贸易壁垒是通过环境标准和法规等对自由贸易形成障碍的一种非关税措施。近年来,绿色贸易壁垒已经成为国际贸易领域中对自由贸易妨碍程度最深的一种贸易壁垒,它已经对中国产品出口造成了极为不利的影响。本文旨在研究我国产品出口屡遭发达国家绿色贸易壁垒阻碍的原因以及在WTO框架下我国应该采取什么措施来规避绿色贸易壁垒,解决因此而引发的贸易争端,进而合理地利用绿色贸易壁垒来保护环境和人类与动植物的健康,并促进我国出口贸易的发展。     

浅析环境贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

环境贸易堡垒作为贸易保护主义的一种新形式应运而生,而且有愈演愈烈之势,它几乎波及到我国对外贸易的各个领域,影响了我国外贸的增长。本文首先阐述了环境贸易壁垒的涵义,其次分析了环境贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响,最后提出了相应的解决对策。     

绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

随着经济全球化的不断推进,各国的保护措施从关税壁垒转向了非关税壁垒,面绿色贸易壁垒更是我国所遭遇的主要阻碍之一。因此,本文就绿色贸易壁垒的内涵和形式进行了认真研究,并分析其对我国外贸发展的不利影响,提出相应的对策建议。     

基于贸易关联性的中、韩自由贸易区可行性分析

近年来,中国与韩国的对外贸易发展都较为迅速,双边贸易的发展极为迅速。2005年底,韩国宣布承认中国完全市场经济地位,使中、韩企业开展贸易的环境更为公平、公正。研究中国与韩国贸易关系的意义显得突出。通过对两国GDP,各自对外贸易及双边贸易分析,可知两国贸易发展有着深刻的内在联系,为两国建立自由贸易区打下了坚实的基础。自贸区建设可以解决目前双方贸易中存在的问题,因此,建立中、韩自由贸易区势在必行。应立足长远,在东北亚合作和"10+3"合作框架内建立中、韩自由贸易区。     

North American trade liberalization and intra-industry trade

Zusammenfassung Handelsliberalisierung in Nordamerika und der intra-industrielle Handel. - Der Verfasser untersucht die Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Mexiko und den Vereinigten Staaten in den 80er Jahren und vergleicht sie mit den Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Kanada und den USA im gleichen Zeitraum. Er stellt fest, da? der intra-industrielle Handel in den Beziehungen zwischen Mexiko und den USA an Bedeutung gewonnen hat, was vermutlich auf die zunehmende Handelsliberalisierung Mexikos zurückzuführen ist. In der Tat waren in den sp?ten 80er Jahren die relativen Niveaus des intra-industriellen Handels ?hnlich hoch, wenn man die bilateralen Handelsstr?me zwischen Mexiko und den USA mit denen zwischen Kanada und den USA vergleicht.

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Résumé La libération des échanges nord-américains et les échanges intra-industriels.- Dans cette étude l'auteur examine les tendances du commerce bilatéral entre le Mexique et les Etats Unis pendant les années quatre-vingts. Il les compare aux tendances du commerce bilatéral entre le Canada et les Etats Unis pendant la même période. Il trouve que les échanges intra-industriels sont particulièrement augmenté en ce qui concerne le commerce entre le Mexique et les Etats Unis. Cela montre que la libéralisation commerciale prend place principalement de la part du Mexique. En effet dans les années quatre-vingts, les niveaux relatives des échanges intra-industriels ont été assez similaires si l’on compare les échanges bilatéraux entre le Mexique et les Etats Unis d’une part et le Canada et les Etats Unis d'autre part.

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Resumen La liberalizatión del comercio en América del Norte y el comercio intrasectorial. - En este trabajo se examina el perfil del comercio bilateral entre México y los EE UU en los a?os ochenta y se lo compara con el perfil del comercio bilateral entre el Canadá y los EE UU en el mismo período. Se encuentra que la importancia del comercio intrasectorial aumentó en el comercio entre México y los EE UU durante el periodo estudiado, reflejando ante todo avances en la liberalizatión del comercio por parte de México. En efecto, hacia fines de los a?os ochenta, los niveles relativos de comercio intrasectorial eran bastante similares en ambos casos, México-EE UU y Canadá-EE UU.

     

广交会对我国外贸的影响因素分析

广交会是我国被公认的规模最大、效果最好、层次最高的综合性国际贸易盛会,作为中国会展业的突出代表,也非常充分地应证了会展业对我国经济的积极促进作用。本文首先通过对广交会的相关情况进行大量文献收集,经过科学的分析和思考,总结了广交会对我国国际贸易的三大影响因素。     

Broadband use and trade facilitation: Impacts on bilateral trade of sub-Saharan countries

This paper investigates the direct and combined impacts of trade facilitation and information and communication technology (ICT) on bilateral flows of 25 sub-Saharan countries. For that purpose, we select time to export and import as specific trade facilitation indicators and broadband use to study ICT impacts. Our sample covers a total of 93 countries over the period 2004–2018. By preprocessing data analysis, we impute time costs missing values, an essential shortcoming of the available databases, to study trade facilitation over time. Lastly, we employ a gravity model and implement a Bonus Vetus Estimation. Our results show that broadband use exerts a positive and significant effect on trade, especially relevant for intra-African trade flows. Furthermore, the combined effects indicate that broadband also modulates the negative impacts of time to export and time to import in the case of intra-SSA countries' trade. The more significant result is found for time to export. Our results also confirm that time costs are not only particularly harmful to intra-African trade but also negatively impact trade flows from SSA countries to the rest of the world. These outcomes show the importance of coordinating trade facilitation and digital transformation policies, particularly those devoted to digitally transforming African customs.     

Research on impacts of international textile trade development on Chinese textile trade and countermeasure s

Under the international textile trade development condition, the author analyzes the international textile trade market and the situation of Chinese textile trade after China entry into WTO, reveals the influence of the world textile trade development on Chinese textile trade, and proposes a series     

消费税结构的优化

本文从绿色贸易壁垒的理论基础及其表现形式出发 ,分析了绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响 ,最后从绿色技术指标体系、绿色法律制度、加强国际磋商与合作三个方面提出了相关法律对策。     

Aid and trade

This paper surveys the recent theoretical and empirical literaturethat explores the relations between aid and trade and asks aboutthe complementarity or substitution effects at work. We distinguishbetween the effects of aid on trade flows and on trade policies,of the donor as well as the recipient countries. Special focusis given on trade facilitation, or ‘aid for trade’.     

绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及其法律对策

本文从绿色贸易壁垒的理论基础及其表现形式出发,分析了绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响,最后从绿色技术指标体系、绿色法律制度、加强国际磋商与合作三个方面提出了相关法律对策.     

Preferential trade agreements and the structure of international trade

In this paper we examine the impact of membership in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on trade between PTA members. Rather than considering the impact of PTA membership on the volume of trade we consider the impact of membership on the structure of trade. For a large sample of countries over the period 1962–2000 we find that membership in a PTA is associated with an increase in the extent of intra-industry trade. Our results indicate that this is especially the case for PTAs formed between richer countries, with the effects of PTAs between poorer countries found to be smaller.     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国国际技术贸易的影响分析

一、贸易技术壁垒概述1.贸易技术壁垒是以技术法规、标准、合格评定、认证等技术性的措施对外国出口至本国或本地区的产品进行限制的非关税壁垒随着关税壁垒的减弱,技术性贸易壁垒已经成为多边贸易中最隐蔽,最难对付的一种非关税壁垒,构成当今国际国际贸易中最棘手的问题之一。     

Preferential trade agreements and their role in world trade

This paper investigates the effects of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on bilateral trade using a comprehensive data base of PTAs in force and a detailed matrix of world trade. Total trade between PTA partners is a poor proxy for preferential trade (trade in tariff lines where preferences are likely to matter): while the former was one-third of global trade in 2000–2002, the latter was between one-sixth and one-tenth. Gravity model estimates indicate that using total trade to assess the impacts of PTAs leads to a significant downward bias in the PTA coefficient: the semi-elasticity of trade with respect to PTA membership rises from 87% for total trade to 119% for preferential trade. Product exclusions and long phase-in periods significantly limit preferential trade; the marginal impact of South-South agreements on preferential trade is much higher than North-South PTAs, while the effect of North-North agreements is insignificantly different from zero.     

欧盟贸易政策的发展趋势及对中欧经贸关系的影响

欧债危机发生以来,欧盟经济饱受债务危机之害,经济严重下滑,失业率节节攀升。为了刺激经济发展,欧盟对其贸易政策做了一系列调整,影响了中欧经贸关系的发展。本文总结了欧债危机发生后欧盟贸易政策的发展趋势,分析了其贸易政策变化对中欧经贸关系的影响,进而提出加强与欧盟沟通、积极进行自贸区谈判等对策,以促进中欧经贸关系的发展。     

中、美贸易失衡对我国中小型外贸企业的影响及对策分析

中、美贸易失衡不仅对人民币升值产生了压力,也对我国外贸企业带来了不小的影响。本文通过分析中、美贸易失衡原因及其对中小型外贸企业的影响,指出在全球化背景下,这些企业要想在更加动荡的国际经济、金融市场环境下生存、发展,就必须及时调整外贸战略,提高自主创新能力,丰富规避风险的手段,增强企业的综合竞争力。     

Testing the trade credit and trade link: evidence from data on export credit insurance

Trade finance has received special attention during the financial crisis as one of the potential culprits for the great trade collapse. Several researchers have used micro level data to establish the link between trade finance and trade, especially so during the financial crisis, and have found diverting results. This paper analyses the effect of trade credit on trade on a macro level through a whole cycle. We employ Berne Union data on export credit insurance, the most extensive dataset on trade credits available at the moment, for the period of 2005–2011. Using an instrumentation strategy we can identify a significantly positive effect of insured trade credit, as a proxy for trade credits, on trade. The effect of insured trade credit on trade is very strong and remains stable over the cycle, not varying between crisis and non-crisis periods.