Intertemporal pricing and price discrimination: a semiparametric hedonic analysis of the personal computer market

We apply a smooth coefficient semiparametric model to a unique high‐frequency data set to examine the intertemporal pricing of personal computers. Furthermore, we test whether firms charge differential component prices for their top performance personal computers and whether premium firms charge both a premium for all their computers and a premium for their top performance ones. We find nonlinear effects in the pricing of personal computer components. We also find that firms in general do not charge differential prices for the components of their top performance computers. In addition, high‐quality firms charge higher premia only for their most advanced products. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于成员认知与平衡实践的团队创造力研究——以魏德米勒研发团队为例

力图探究研发成员及研发团队领导对于团队创造力的内涵、激发方式、平衡偏好三方面的认知和实践。采用焦点小组访谈、个人访谈和问卷调查的方法,对魏德米勒公司研发团队进行研究。发现研发人员从个人创造力整合、团队产生新创意以及团队氛围三种视角理解团队创造力的概念;激发团队创造力的重要基础是个人创造力和团队氛围,较宽的个人知识面和业务面是关键,团队内的整合、支持和自信与较高的团队创造力并存;中等或缓慢变化的行业中,研发管理系统在团队创造力与效率的平衡决策上更偏向实现效率,研发团队所偏好的是围绕客户需求、引致利用式创新、实现市场价值的创造力。     

Certifying interviewers: the role of testing interviewers to improve data quality

The complexity of conducting personal interviews often requires both classroom training prior to fielding a survey and the certification of interviewers in the field. In an attempt to create a tool that would enable data collection agencies to tailor the training process and more effectively link the classroom to the field, the Census Bureau administered a certification exam to the interviewers of a new, more conversational style of interviewing in the redesign of the Survey of Income and Program Participation-Event History Calendar (SIPP-EHC). This research applied multilevel modeling to the 2010 and 2011 SIPP-EHC field test data to observe the effects of the variation in certification test score on measures of interviewer productivity—interview length and person non-response. From 2010 to 2011, short answer response questions replaced half of the multiple-choice response questions, finding short answer responses are better predictors of both interview length and person non-response than multiple-choice responses. These changes in the exam demonstrated a significant reduction in the interviewer effect seen on both outcomes.     

大学生免费无线上网实现方法

随着电脑技术及网络技术的发展,拥有笔记本电脑的人也就越来越多。对于同时拥有台式电脑和笔记本电脑的公司和个人来说,为了让台式电脑和笔记本电脑同时接入网络,常用的方法就是购买一个集有线和无线功能为一体的路由器。有一部分人,特别是在校大学生,经常可以发现笔记本电脑接收到很多无线信号,但却总是苦于那些网络要么是加了密,要么就是尽管没有加密但信号又太弱,根本无法使用。本文就来告诉这些大学生如何免费无线上网。     

离散数学在计算机学科中的作用

离散数学和计算机科学关系密切,是计算机科学与技术的理论基础。作为有利的数学工具,对计算机的发展与计算机科学的研究起着重大的作用。本文阐述了离散数学在计算机学科不同领域中的应用,分析了离散数学与计算机专业其他学科间的关系,突出其在计算机学科中的作用。     

The intensification of work in Europe

Across many European countries, the 1990s have witnessed an intensification of labour effort. Using data from The European Survey on Working Conditions (ESWCs), we find that Britain has experienced the fastest rise in work effort, while in western Germany, Denmark and Greece there has been very little effort intensification. Effort is higher in jobs that use computers more frequently, and, with the exception of Britain, higher in private sector than public sector jobs. Effort has increased faster in countries where trade union density has declined the most. However, there remains a significant shift in effort that is not accounted for by available explanatory variables.     

Artificial intelligence and content analysis

Content analysis is a very tedious method of data collection. This paper addresses once more the question of whether and how computers may be used to facilitate content analysis in the coding stage. To interpret natural language automatically a computer program must be able to unravel the syntactical structure of sentences (‘parsing’) and to trace their semantical meaning by dealing with textual context (= ‘co-text’), prior knowledge (context outside the text) and semantic variability (different or ambiguous meanings of words and phrases). Several approaches to enable computer programs to perform these tasks are discussed, including approaches from the fields of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. The conclusion should be that it is still impossible to enable computer programs to perform all these tasks. But there are possibilities for using computer programs to support human coders both in the coding stage and the data-analysis stage of content analysis. As an example the program CETA to perform Computer-aided Evaluative Textual Analysis is discussed.     

论银行计算机、网络系统的集中维护管理模式

随着计算机应用技术的迅速发展,各商业银行对计算机应用的广度和深度也不断提高,同时对计算机的依赖程度也越来越强,如何提高计算机应用系统的安全稳定性、减少故障是提高银行业市场竞争力的一个重要手段。目前网络质量、操作系统和应用系统功能和稳定性日益增强,为银行各应用系统的集中管理创造了良好的条件。在实际应用过程中,任何系统如果离开良好的管理维护,其可靠性都难以得到保障。因此,只有获得计算机运行的高可靠性与科学的管理和维护,才可以有效实现整个计算机应用系统的稳定运行。     

浅析计算机辅助编辑技术的应用

随着信息技术的不断发展,计算机的应用范围越来越大,在这过程中所出现的计算机辅助编辑技术,就是利用计算机来帮助传统出版进行编辑工作。在这其中利用技术来有效地收集信息,并且在网上完成对稿件的审核,在这其中包括校对、加工、目录等多方面的设计。一些出版单位应用计算机辅助编辑技术取得了较好的效果。论文首先说明计算机辅助编辑技术应用所存在的问题,然后说明提高计算机辅助编辑技术的策略。     

An empirical model of mainframe computer investment

This paper introduces a dynamic model of investment decisions in mainframe computer systems. I estimate and test the model using detailed micro data from a company in the telecommunications industry. The model accounts for ‘technological depreciation’ which distinguishes computers from other investment goods where physical depreciation is typically a key factor underlying replacement investment decisions. The company increased its installed mainframe computer capacity by over 30‐fold over the 10‐year sample period. Part of this growth was undoubtedly due to the huge increase in performance and the corresponding drop in the per unit cost of processing capacity of mainframes, a consequence of ‘Moore's law’. However, there was also tremendous growth in the need for computers for billing, account processing and other tasks, due to the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry over this same time period. I estimate the unknown parameters of the investment model using a nonlinear least squares–nested fixed‐point algorithm (NLS‐NFXP), which solves the Bellman equation underlying the dynamic model of investment and replacement of mainframe computers by nonlinear least squares. I demonstrate that it is feasible to estimate this model on an ordinary PC, whereas standard discretization approaches to solving the firm's optimal investment policy might not even be feasible using supercomputers. I show that the estimated model fits the data very well, and accurately captures the large growth in installed mainframe capacity, the timing and magnitude of replacement investment, as well as periodic upgrades of existing mainframe units. I use the model to decompose how much of the 30‐fold increase in mainframe computer capacity is due to ‘Moore's law’ (i.e. the huge drop in the unit cost of installed mainframe capacity), and how much is due to the growth in demand for services of mainframes, due to the rapid growth in demand for telecommunications services (particularly cell phone accounts) by the firm's customers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Income comparison,collectivism and life satisfaction in Turkey

The current research examines the impact of income comparisons on life satisfaction in Turkey which has a feature of “collectivism” or “low individualism”. This is done by analyzing the results of the “Life Satisfaction Survey” applied by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) for 2011. Using ordered logit estimations, this paper reveals that most of the income comparison, interaction variables and socio-economic variables have a significant explanatory power on life satisfaction levels in Turkey. The main emphasis of the paper is that reference group’s self-reported life satisfaction is related to income comparisons, along with other socioeconomic factors. The impact of comparisons is asymmetric, in that in most cases, under-performing one’s benchmark had a greater effect than out-performing it.     

Testimony for the defense—a case for computers

An indictment has been lodged against computers, claiming that computer system implementation tends to usurp attention away from the more pressing problems of urban planning. Furthermore, it has been charged that computers should not be permitted a role in high level bureaucratic and legislative decision making. The troubled times which our cities are experiencing bear bitter witness to the fact that past independent, intuitive judgement has not satisfactorily met the challenge of urban societal planning. Computer technology, coupled with technical advances in urban sciences, provides a powerful tool for use in creative public management. It is administrative inefficient use of resources to relegate the computer to handle only routine clerical tasks.

This paper takes the form of testimony on behalf of the defense, computer technology, against the charges presented by authors Robbins and Harvey [1].     

基于IA技术双控制器网络化控制系统可靠性

本文以因特网作为主要传输媒介的计算机网络控制系统为基础,提出了一种以智能代理技术为基础,对计算机网络进行双向控制的管理系统。在本系统中,是将配置了丰富硬件与软件的计算机作为系统的控制关键组件,在将其构成智能代理后,就能够以多个代理相互协作的方式来对我们所需要的任务进行完成,从而对系统的性能进行有效的提高。     

试论素质教育视阈下的计算机教学

素质教育培养高素质人才以及引导受教育者塑造良好人格为基本目标,对我国高校教育具有重要意义。随着我国信息技术的不断发展,计算机被应用于社会各个领域并发挥着很大的作用,对计算机的教育教学也被众多高校所重视,如何在计算机教学中开展素质教育也成为计算机教育工作者日益关注的课题。本文从我国高校计算机教育的现状出发,结合教学经验,试图找出在计算机教学中全面渗透素质教育的途径。     

Supplementary questionnaire and nonresponse-results from the German ISSP survey

Within the scope of personal interviews self-administered questionnaires carried out as drop-off have been commonly used for a long time, particularly in the range of sensitive topics. However, questions with regard to non-response or participation have rarely been discussed. This study will examine if and to which extent refusal of participation happens at the example of the ISSP questionnaires (International Social Survey Program), which were carried out in the framework of the German General Social Survey 2004 (GGSS). In addition to the socio-demographic and socio-economic drop-out causes this study will examine whether the questionnaires “Citizenship 2004” and “National Identity 2003” dealing with one subject only, lead to selective participation. Political interest, postmaterialistic values as well as reading ability and health indicators are the focus of the analysis.     

浅谈计算机病毒的含义与防范

目前计算机的应用遍及到社会的各个领域,同时计算机病毒也给我们带来了巨大的破坏和潜在的威胁,因此为了确保计算机能够安全工作,计算机病毒的防范工作,已经迫在眉睫。     

Sorry,could you repeat the question? Exploring video‐interview recruitment practice in HRM

HRM has embraced video interviewing through verbal computer‐mediated communication (VCMC) technology. However, empirical research in recruitment remains scant. Drawing on communication theories to analyse data from three studies, we present a conceptual framework explaining VCMC adoption and practice. We argue that VCMC technology has a larger effect on recruitment and selection outcomes than presumed. We broaden signalling theory to video recruitment and posit that interaction effects due to characteristics of the technology and a candidate's personality may affect recruitment outcomes. We also broaden media richness theory by uncovering memory effects arising from multiple interview modes. HR managers should be mindful of these and others limitations highlighted in the study before fully embracing this technology.     

计算机文化之我见

电子计算机自从诞生之日起,就以其不可比拟的优势,得到了迅猛的发展。随着计算机的应用越来越广泛,在社会发展中的作用越来越大,由计算机所代表的独特文化现象也逐渐被人们所接受,计算机文化成为了人类发展史上又一个伟大的进步。     

浅谈数字化图书馆

随着计算机技术和网络技术的发展,人们的生活和工作和计算机的联系日益密切,数字化图书馆在此基础上应运而生.数字化图书馆改变了传统图书馆存储空间小,易损坏等缺点,它的广泛使用是网络普及化的一个必然趋势。     

Virtually No Effect? Different Uses of Classroom Computers and their Effect on Student Achievement

Most studies find little to no effect of classroom computers on student achievement. We suggest that this null effect may combine positive effects of computer uses without equivalently effective alternative traditional teaching practices and negative effects of uses that substitute more effective teaching practices. Our correlated random effects models exploit within‐student between‐subject variation in different computer uses in the international TIMSS test. We find positive effects of using computers to look up information and negative effects of using computers to practice skills, resulting in overall null effects. Effects are larger for students with high socioeconomic status and mostly confined to developed countries.