产品回收物流成本—收益分析

产品回收物流的实施需要企业投入各种人、财、物资源,当企业的收益大于所投入的成本时,开展回收物流的主动性就比较强。产品回收物流成本包括收集、分类/检测、处理、销售等环节的成本,收益则包括销售收益、零部件翻新和再造重用收益、材料再收益和环境保护收益。本文建立了产品回收物流成本—收益系统,借助系统动力学理论工具构建产品回收成本收益因果关系图、系统流图模型,并对该模型进行了仿真分析,认为收集地越多回收成本越高,收益越少,回收产品质量不同导致处理方式发生变化并最终影响回收成本—收益。     

我国出口电子产品生命周期后回收物流模式研究

通过比较生产商自营回收、第三方物流企业回收和企业联合回收三种模式,结合我国当前情况,本文对我国出口电子企业在产品回收中采用联合回收物流模式,进行了可行性分析。     

IT产品的逆向物流分析

随着IT产品更新速度的不断提高,对IT产品进行回收再利用,以及废弃物处理,不仅是环保法规的要求,也是企业节约资源、降低成本的需要,因此,IT产品的逆向物流已成为企业的热点话题。本文以逆向物流的基本理论为背景,分析了IT产品逆向物流的现状和特点,并针对IT产品实施逆向物流面临的主要问题,提出了IT产品回收再利用、绿色包装和绿色运输、研发低耗能IT产品,以及完善相关法律法规等建议,对IT产品的逆向物流运作起到了一定的借鉴作用。     

IT产品的逆向物流分析

随着IT产品更新速度的不断提高,对IT产品进行回收再利用,以及废弃物处理,不仅是环保法规的要求,也是企业节约资源、降低成本的需要,因此,IT产品的逆向物流已成为企业的热点话题。本文以逆向物流的基本理论为背景,分析了IT产品逆向物流的现状和特点,并针对IT产品实施逆向物流面临的主要问题,提出了IT产品回收再利用、绿色包装和绿色运输、研发低耗能IT产品,以及完善相关法律法规等建议,对IT产品的逆向物流运作起到了一定的借鉴作用。     

反向物流及其网络构建

由于环境压力的增加,产品回收问题近来日益受到人们的关注。这就需要为产生的物品从使用者到生产者的反向流动构建适当的物流网络。对类似这种物流网络的设计进行研究,分析近年来不同行业产品回收网络构建,比较反向物流与传统物流结构的差别,总结反向物流网络的基本特征,使产品材料的可回收利用成为一个重要的市场因素。     

解析逆向物流的发展路径

建立并管理逆向物流系统是一项复杂的工作。在逆向物流过程中不具有正向物流系统中对库存管理的控制水平。产品可以通过有效的、现成的渠道流到消费者手中，而回收却是不可预知的，而且经常是非经济批量回收，甚至是单件产品回收。     

重视逆向物流管理是有效降低物流成本的途径

随着市场经济的发展,许多企业越来越重视物流管理,其中逆向物流备受关注,因为做好逆向物流管理可以有效地降低物流成本,本文主要从逆流再利用和集中回收两个方面来论述,并指出做好逆向物流管理需要做到~-F．1I,点：减少逆流、提高质量、统一回收等。     

再生环境下回收产品动态价格行为分析

本文认为,对再生商而言,进行再生之前制定合理的旧产品回收价格至关重要,而回收产品动态价格行为与再生产品特征及动态价格行为具有一定的联系.文章基于逆向物流中再生产品的特征,应用几何布朗运动与期权相关理论对再生环境下回收产品的动态价格行为进行分析,对回收产品定价与再生产品市场价格进行联动性分析,最后对回收产品定价模型进行算例分析.结果表明,利用本文模型进行回收产品动态价格行为分析能帮助物流相关人员更为清楚地认识再生环境下回收产品的定价及其与再生产品价格之间的联动关系,为提高再生工作效率奠定了一定的理论基础.     

逆向物流外包的SWOT分析

逆向物流就是以回收价值和适当处置为目的而将产品从消费点移动到来源点的一个高效流通的过程。整个社会大环境之中,所有企业的资源都是有限的,不可能在所有的竞争领域都取得优势,企业只能将精力投入在核心业务上。本文就逆向物流的外包运用SWOT分析法进行了系统的分析,为逆向物流外包模式的推广提出理论支持。     

逆向物流网络选址理论研究综述

合理进行逆向物流产品回收网络处理中心选址的规划有积极的社会效益和经济效益。在综述了国内外文献的基础上,重点从逆向物流网络结构、逆向物流处理中心选址等热点问题上总结了逆向物流网络选址理论的研究成果,并提出了逆向物流应在构建更优化的网络,选择合理的管理模式,研发新的回收处理技术,应用先进的管理技术,开发逆向物流信息系统等方面继续展开研究。     

Using website information to reduce postpurchase dissonance: A mediated moderating role of perceived risk

A significant body of research is dedicated to decreasing the product return rate by applying management measures that identify the factors and causes of returns. These studies examine how consumers' product return behavior can be explained by studying the information on retailers' websites. However, these studies have not shown how website information (WI) is linked to product returns. The study by Lee's work observed how product returns are motivated by consumers' need to mitigate postpurchase dissonance (PPD). However, a clear understanding of the relationship between WI and PPD is lacking. Therefore, our research examines the impact of WI on PPD in the product returns context. In our research, PPD serves as a key factor in understanding the linkage between WI and product returns. Our results showed that higher‐quality WI is associated with a lower level of PPD. In addition, a lower perceived risk (PR) or attractiveness of alternatives strengthens the association between WI and PPD. We also observed that PR partially mediated the moderation effect of the attractiveness of alternatives. These findings will help e‐retailers better understand customers' PPD, easing the process of reducing product returns.     

An Alternative Explanation of Consumer Product Returns from the Postpurchase Dissonance and Ecological Marketing Perspectives

Research on consumer product returns has identified product failure, dissatisfaction, and fraudulent intent as primary causes. In recent years, however, consumers return products even before experiencing dissatisfaction and when products are not defective. Moreover, most consumers who return products are ordinary scrupulous people. Ironically, product returns are on the rise while overall product quality has improved. This suggests that there are other reasons for product returns yet to be uncovered. This study critically examines such types of recently observed product‐return behaviors from the postpurchase dissonance (PPD) and ecological marketing perspectives. A proposition emerged through the critical review that in the current competitive and consumer‐centered market environment, consumers increasingly choose product return over other options identified in the literature as a viable strategy to cope with their PPD. Two empirical studies and a recent major industry study on consumer product returns provided strong support for the proposition. Managerial and future research implications of the findings are discussed.     

It's not only what they buy,it's also what they keep: Linking marketing instruments to product returns

Online retailers implement various marketing instruments to boost their sales. These marketing instruments can not only impact sales, but also product returns. However, when assessing the performance of marketing instruments, retailers often ignore potential return effects. Theoretically, marketing instruments could increase or decrease returns, depending on how they affect expected and experienced costs and benefits related to a product. In this paper, we empirically examine whether, and how a comprehensive set of marketing instruments (newsletters, catalogs, coupons, free shipping, paid search, affiliate advertising and image advertising) affects product returns. We use data from two major online retailers and show that return effects vary largely across marketing instruments. Surprisingly, none of the instruments reduces product returns. Newsletters, paid search, catalogs and free shipping increase returns substantially by up to 18%. For free shipping and catalogs, the return effects emerge prevalently for fashion categories, whereas online advertising and newsletters increase returns of both fashion and non-fashion products. These findings enhance our understanding of how firm-initiated marketing instruments affect returns and provide guidance for online retailers in multimedia environments.     

The Influence of Cognitive Dissonance on Retail Product Returns

Given the significant costs and customer service ramifications associated with the return of retail merchandise it is important to understand the underlying reasons for product returns. One such underlying reason is cognitive dissonance. Customers who experience cognitive dissonance may seek to undo the effects of a regretted choice by returning the product in question. This research examines the influence of two forms of cognitive dissonance (emotional dissonance and product dissonance) on the frequency of product returns. Three antecedents (consideration of liberal return policies, customer opportunism, and switching barriers) are examined in terms of their influence on cognitive dissonance and product returns. In addition, the moderating role of gender and store brand is reported. The research is based on a survey of Wal‐Mart and Target customers who engaged in product returns. Structural equation modeling is used to verify and test these relationships. Emotional dissonance and product dissonance were found to be positively related to product returns frequency. It was found that consideration of liberal return policies reduces both emotional and product dissonance, while customer opportunism and switching barriers increase both dimensions of cognitive dissonance. Both gender and store brand were found to be significant moderators of the relationships between cognitive dissonance and two antecedents (consideration of liberal return policies and customer opportunism). In addition, gender and store brand moderated the linkage between product dissonance and emotional dissonance, and the linkage between emotional dissonance and return frequency.     

The effects of reference point, knowledge, and risk propensity on the evaluation of financial products

Evaluating and choosing a financial product often requires a trade-off between risk and returns on investment, as a riskier product may yield a higher return. We examine the effect of different reference points (i.e., a riskier reference vs. a safer reference) on the evaluation of a financial product when attributes are explicitly traded off during the evaluation. Our findings suggest that a safer reference increases the attractiveness of the focal product under evaluation, while a riskier reference point does not affect that evaluation. The safer reference point appears to facilitate the risk-seeking tendency in financial decision-making. Further, two types of consumer knowledge, namely, objective and subjective, can moderate the effect of the reference point. Subjective knowledge negatively affects attribute-based objective evaluations, promoting instead the use of external reference information. A discrepancy between the two types of knowledge (i.e., over-confidence), in particular, can cause a more biased evaluation.     

A Simulation Model Of Multi‐Echelon Retail Inventory With Cross‐Channel Product Returns

This study explores the relationship between a retailer's product returns processing structure and Multi‐Echelon inventory system performance under cross‐channel and same‐channel product returns policies with nonstationary demand. Our research contributes to the growing body of reverse logistics literature, offering insight into how a retailer's logistical returns management strategy can impact inventory effectiveness in cross‐channel retail environments. Adopting a contingency framework, we develop research hypotheses which we test through experimentation on a Multi‐Echelon retail inventory system within a discrete‐event simulation. Model parameters are derived from data collected from a large U.S. retailer of consumer durable and nondurable goods. We find an amplifying effect of a cross‐channel returns policy on the positive relationship between a decentralized returns processing structure and inventory effectiveness. Further, through our analysis of nonstationarity in demand and resulting returns, we uncover strong main and interaction effects that seasonal demand variation can have on inventory outcomes, even under only moderate levels of seasonality. Our results highlight the need for firms to align logistical structures for returns processing with the returns policy and the external environment, while also lending credence to calls within the logistics literature for improved modeling of nonstationary demand in inventory management research.     

以绿色管理为切入点提高饭店管理水平

本文认为,加强绿色管理是饭店可持续发展的需要,是与国际饭店业接轨的需要,是实现经济效益和环境效益最佳结合的新型管理方式。当前绿色管理思想的引入极大地推进了我国饭店业的可持续发展,但在实施绿色管理的过程中仍然存在绿色管理意识不强,对环境标志制度不够重视,环境政策和措施不健全,管理层支持力度不够等问题。文章提出,为有效实施饭店的绿色管理,必须树立绿色管理理念,将绿色理念深植于饭店所有员工的意识之中;推出绿色产品,即推出绿色客房,提供绿色食品,提供绿色服务;开展绿色营销,塑造绿色形象,取得绿色认证,树立绿色品牌;营造绿色管理环境。     

Linking new product alliances to stock returns and risk

Although firms widely engage in new product alliances, prior research has paid limited attention to their financial impact, especially, both stock returns and risk. In addition to the direct impact of product alliances, I have assessed how firm and alliance characteristics can moderate such effects. I have examined firm size and alliance type as moderators to the product alliance and stock performance relationship. Using a large database of 506 firms and 3714 new product alliances over 21 years, I estimate a random effects model. My findings are that new product alliances demonstrate an increase in stock returns and a decrease in stock risk. In addition, these effects are heterogeneous across firm size and alliance type. This research has implications for both new product alliances and marketing-finance interface literature.     

Measuring the value of product characteristics in the UK monthly savings market

This paper seeks to measure the returns to various product characteristics in the UK monthly savings market. Exploiting recently available data from the Financial Services authority, hedonic pricing models and data envelopment techniques are used to estimate the returns to different product characteristics in the UK unit trust and endowment markets. The approach highlights how it is possible to identify important drivers of value and also identify product offerings that are (sub)optimally differentiated.     

The Informational Role of Manufacturer Returns Policies: How They Can Help in Learning the Demand

Returns policies are usually thought of as being a way to insure retailers against excess inventory. The work of Pellegrini (1986), Chu (1993), Lin (1993) and Padmanabhan and Png (1997) highlights the fact that there is considerably more to returns policies than just a mechanism for insurance. Our work identifies a heretofore undocumented rationale for returns policy: its role in learning the demand for a new product. The model of manufacturer–retailer interaction assumes that the demand is uncertain but correlated across time periods. Thus, its true nature is revealed over time via the realization of sales. The speed of such learning depends on the size of the inventory at the retail level which in turn can be strategically influenced by the manufacturer through a returns policy. In such environments, we show that a returns policy may be a way for the manufacturer to learn the demand of a new product.