对外直接投资、控制风险与上市公司审计费用

本文在国家实施"走出去"战略的背景下,研究企业对外直接投资对审计费用的影响。研究以2007~2018年我国A股上市公司为样本,发现进行对外直接投资的企业,审计费用显著高于没有对外直接投资的企业,说明审计师能够识别因企业对外直接投资导致的审计风险的上升和审计成本的增加,并通过增加审计费用的方式予以补偿;且此差异不因产权性质和企业所在地市场化水平而异;采用改变样本量、PSM及多时点DID等进行稳健性检验后,研究结论保持不变。进一步分析发现,如果企业内部控制质量较高,控制风险水平较低,则对外直接投资与审计费用之间的关系会弱化,表明控制风险在对外直接投资与审计费用之间起到调节作用,且此作用仅在非国有控股及市场化水平较高地区的企业中显著。     

“一带一路”沿线国家投资便利化测评与中国对外直接投资

构建投资便利化衡量体系，并运用主成分分析法计算“一带一路”沿线48个国家的投资便利化水平。在确定沿线国家投资便利化得分的条件下，采用固定效应的检验方法考察2008-2016年沿线国家投资便利化水平对中国OFDI的影响。结果表明：投资便利化、国内生产总值、人口数量对中国对外直接投资存在正向拉动作用；而东道国与投资国的距离对OFDI呈负向影响。未来中国应积极推广“一带一路”沿线国家的基础设施建设，逐步提升合作国的投资便利化水平；并通过推动区域投资一体化，带动跨国企业对沿线国家的投资。     

Corruption Distance and Foreign Direct Investment

We study the effects of “corruption distance,” defined as the difference in corruption levels between country pairs on bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a “gravity” model and the Heckman (1979) two-stage framework on a data set of forty-five countries from 1997 to 2007, we find that corruption distance adversely influences both the likelihood of FDI and the volume of FDI. A novel finding in this study is that we identify the asymmetric effect of corruption distance and find that the positive corruption distance, defined as the corruption distance from a high corruption source to a low corruption host country, is the prominent one that affects the behavior of bilateral FDI.     

Incentive Targeting, Influence Peddling, and Foreign Direct Investment

We expand the traditional tax incentive redundancy argument by investigating the implications of allocating incentives primarily to firms that would have invested even in the absence of special tax treatment. Incorporating government revenue constraints, pliable tax officials, endogenous tax liabilities, and firms with heterogeneous before-tax returns, we show that tax incentives, if given to the wrong firms, are not only ineffective in stimulating FDI, but result in a form of tax shifting and may reduce FDI. Data from countries of the former Eastern Bloc suggests that tax incentive schemes have significantly negative impacts on FDI in countries that poorly target firms.     

中国吸引外资、对外投资和对外贸易:历史与未来

中国已经成为全球外国直接投资的主要接受者,同时也是世界上第二大对外直接投资国。中国希望通过扩大对外直接投资学习先进技术和管理经验,并帮助国内企业分散风险。在改革开放推动下,中国逐步成为一个世界贸易强国,其主要贸易伙伴遍布欧美、东南亚及日本、韩国等,制造业产品在中国对外贸易中占比较大。     

Tax Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Potential versus Performance

Bilateral tax treaties are an important method of international tax cooperation. I survey the existing literature on these agreements, highlighting the differences between the standard view that treaties increase foreign direct investment and the empirical evidence that finds little support for this. I also discuss the key differences in treaty formation between developed countries relative to that between developed and developing nations.     

我国利用外商直接投资的经济效应分析

改革开放以来,我国外商直接投资增长迅速。外商直接投资可以拉动我国经济增长;外商直接投资会使我国进出口量增加;外商直接投资会使我国通货膨胀压力加大;外商直接投资对就业具有促进作用。总之,外商直接投资对经济既有正面影响,又有负面影响,因此,我们不能盲目引进外资,而要合理利用外资。     

Determinants of Spanish Foreign Direct Investment in Morocco

Despite its cultural distance, Morocco is becoming an interesting target country for foreign direct investment (FDI) from Spanish firms. Several factors facilitate this process: Morocco's geographical proximity, strategic location, emerging market, political stability, and workforce, as well as the know-how the country needs to complete its economic development. Based on traditional theories about FDI and the resource-based view of the firm, this paper analyzes the influence that various firm-specific factors may have exerted on the ownership structure of investments in Morocco. Our results suggest that Spanish firms that have chosen full ownership investments without the support of a partner have more than one investment in Morocco, and accumulate more experience in using that investing strategy in other countries.     

Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment: A Synthesis of Empirical Research

This paper reviews the empirical literature on the impact of company taxes on the allocation of foreign direct investment. We compare the outcomes of 25 empirical studies by computing the tax rate elasticity under a uniform definition. The median value of the tax rate elasticity in the literature is around –3.3 (i.e. a 1%-point reduction in the host-country tax rate raises foreign direct investment in that country by 3.3%). There exists substantial variation across studies, however. By performing a meta-analysis, the paper aims to explain this variation by the differences in characteristics of the underlying studies. Systematic differences between studies are found with respect to the type of foreign capital data used, and the type of tax rates adopted. We find no systematic differences in the responsiveness of investors from tax credit countries and tax exemption countries.     

河南省外商直接投资的现状及对策分析

跨国公司对外直接投资（FDI）是海外对华投资的主要形式,对各地区经济的长期发展起了重要作用。地处内陆的河南省是我国经济大省,虽然近些年在引进外商直接投资方面取得较大进展,但依旧存在着诸如外资引进质量不高、管理不善、产业投向和地区分布不均衡等问题。河南省应该扬长避短,突破地域范围条件限制,狠抓投资环境,提高引资质量,并加大外资的产业导向,提高外资管理水平;借助当前＂中原经济区建设＂的有利时机,协调省内各地市引资状况,充分利用外商直接投资以促进本省域经济的持续快速发展。     

外商直接投资对福建省环境质量的影响

福建省迎面而来的蓝色经济建设热潮,将会吸引更加汹涌的外商直接投资的进入,蓝色经济的可持续发展需要与生态环境、区域资源协调一致。运用广义矩估计法、最大似然法和面板广义最小二乘估计三种分析方法,结合福建省1991—2012年的工业面板数据,借鉴Copeland—Taylor模型的研究思路,将环保意识变量、科技进步变量、国有企业比重等要素引入计量模型,实证分析了外资进入程度对福建省工业污染排放的影响,同时选取了泉州市、南平市两个城市作为验证区域进行敏感性分析,可以得出“污染避难所假说”在福建省不成立,外商直接投资在较高显著水平上改善了福建省环境质量,但资本密集程度对工业污染排放产生了正向作用,说明福建省目前需要加强企业投资的正确引导。     

An Information-Based Model of Foreign Direct Investment: The Gains from Trade Revisited

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is observed to be a predominant form of capital flows to emerging economies, especially when they are liquidity-constrained internationally during a global financial crisis. The financial aspects of FDI are the focus of this paper. We analyze the problem of channelling domestic savings into productive investment in the presence of asymmetric information between the managing owners of firms and other portfolio stakeholders. We explore the role played by FDI in reviving equity-financed capital investment for economies plagued by such information problems. In the presence of information asymmetry, the paper identifies, however, how FDI gives rise to foreign overinvestment as well as domestic undersaving. The gains from trade argument (applied to intertemporal trade) is re-examined in this case of informational-asymmetry-driven FDI. We show that the gains could be sizable when the domestic credit market is either under-developed or failing as a result of a financial crisis. But with a well-functioning domestic credit market, the gains turn into losses. Surprisingly, capital may flow into the country even when the autarkic marginal productivity of capital in the domestic economy falls short of the world rate of interest. In such a situation, capital should have efficiently flown out rather than in, and FDI is a social loss-generating phenomenon.     

我国外商直接投资税收敏感性分析

采用现状分析、理论论证和实证分析等经济分析方法,对税收政策对外商投资的影响作用进行分析,可得出以下结论:税收优惠对吸引外商直接投资有促进作用,但其影响作用并不显著。我国应正确对待税收优惠的作用地位,并全面考虑影响优惠政策的因素,采用更为有效的税收优惠工具,有的放矢地运用税收优惠政策。     

从国际收支平衡表的变化看我国对外直接投资的发展

随着改革开放的深入和综合国力的提高,积极鼓励中国企业“走出去”,推动有比较优势的国内企业利用国外资源,参与全球化市场竞争是大势所趋。本文通过对2000—2007年间我国国际收支平衡表中货物贸易、服务贸易、投资收益、直接投资、国际储备等相关项目的分析,揭示我国对外直接投资的现状及发展趋势,并在此基础上提出一些建议。     

China as the Workshop of the World: Measuring the Role of Foreign Direct Investment Through Manufacturing Sectors and Products

In this paper, we focus on the role of China's manufacturing in the international division of labor from the perspective of foreign direct investment (FDI). We first discuss the contribution made by China's manufacturing sector to capital accumulation, manifested internally by domestic oversaving and externally by China's trade surplus. China's output under various conditions is then measured, and the role of FDI in different manufacturing industries, differentiated according to technological type, is examined. Deconstructing the trade balance and highlighting the role of processing, the analysis provides details on the role of FDI in China's merchandise trade. The analysis also shows that China's distorted research and development expenditure in various manufacturing industries is related to lack of innovation capacity in the high-technology industries dominated by FDI.     

Total Factor Productivity,Foreign Direct Investment,and Entry Barriers in the Chinese Automotive Industry

We explore three questions on foreign direct investment (FDI): (1) What are the differences in entry barriers for foreign, public, and private investors? (2) What are the effects of past productivity levels on future foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions? (3) What is the effect of equity structure on future total factor productivity (TFP) levels? The empirical results based on a monopolistic competition model and using a firm-level data set from the Chinese automobile industry suggest that foreign investors face higher entry barriers and react stronger to past TFP levels. FDI is also found to improve future TFP more than other forms of investment. Finally, World Trade Organization (WTO) accession is found to reduce entry barriers for foreign and domestic private investors while increasing entry barriers for public investors.     

The implementation of an adjusted relative strength index model in foreign currency and energy markets of emerging and developed economies

This study proposes refinements to some weaknesses in the Relative Strength Index (RSI) model and tests its predictability over pre and post crisis periods for the most active USD based currency pairs, including two energy markets. A new model (AdRSI) is tested using daily data over 2001–2015. Benchmarked against RSI and buy-and-hold models, findings support an inverse relationship between energy and currency markets. While energy markets had relatively higher risk, Chinese yuan had the lowest annualized risk. AdRSI produced higher annualized returns, lower number of trades and higher annualized risk. Overall, the buy-and-hold model was superior with higher reward-to-volatility.     

The Destination of Outward FDI and the Performance of South Korean Multinationals

This paper examines how the destination of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) affects South Korean multinational parent firms. We categorize host countries into those that are developed and those that are less developed. We find that destination matters for employment and capital intensity. FDI into less developed countries is negatively associated with a firm's employment and positively associated with its capital intensity. However, FDI into developed countries does not seem to matter: the parent firm's activities do not change significantly after FDI has been made. These results may indicate that Korean FDI into less developed countries is a relocation of production lines to overseas affiliates and FDI into developed countries is done to extend markets.     

外商对华直接投资的经济增长效应分析

随着中国经济的平稳和快速增长,外商对华直接投资呈现出不断增长的趋势。就外商对华直接投资的经济效应而言,FDI与GDP的增长率高度吻合。FDI对我国宏观经济的多个变量都产生了深远的影响,并且FDI通过影响这些变量,进而增加了国民收入水平,促进了经济增长。     

世界巨变五十年

战后重建带来了欧洲和亚洲经济蓬勃发展,在此后50中,世界发生了翻天覆地的变化：科技进步和经济全球化改变了整个世界,一些中低收入国家开始加速,成为全球经济增长引擎,世界格局已由“两极”转为“多极”,发展中国家异军突起。