Factors influencing take-up rates on the Loan Guarantee Scheme

This paper uses time-series analysis to model explicitly the take-up rate of the UK Government's Loan Guarantee Scheme over the 1980s. In doing so we consider the rationale for the scheme in the context of empirical and theoretical research into the financing of small businesses and in particular the nature of the small firm/bank relationship. To begin we discuss the history and evolution of the scheme from its inception in 1981. A theoretical model is then outlined in which LGS funds are used to maximise the utility of capital constrained entrepreneurs.Using this framework we find that the UK Government can do much to influence the levels of both take-ups and failures of firms on the scheme by directly altering the parameters. The scheme's apparent success as a [relatively] cost-effective job generation package suggests more could be done to extend the scheme to aid more start-up firms and those existing firms wishing to expand.     

A Case Study on the Dual Effect of External Support and Implications on Small Business Growth,Entrepreneurial Creativity and Performance

ABSTRACT

Using a case study approach, this article investigates a Small Plastic Manufacturing Firm (SPMF) and Entrepreneur in Nigeria. The firm represents an example of a firm that has received external support. Very few firms are able to acquire adequate SME grants in Nigeria. Findings from the study revealed that most Small Plastic Manufacturing Entrepreneurs in Nigeria constrained by certain external and internal factors ironically, seem to be challenged to invent original strategies on their own, to cope, survive and to remain in business. Lack of financial capital, especially foreign exchange needed to import vital operating inputs from abroad has been the most serious constraint. Other serious external constraints identified are inadequate infrastructure facilities, competition from large firms, unfavorable government policies, dearth of machines and spare parts and paucity of raw materials. Internal obstacles like incompetent planning, poor organizational skills, and limited knowledge, among others, are common obstacles faced by most Nigerian entrepreneurs. It is also discovered that, in Nigeria, funding assis tance to entrepreneurs by relevant institutions concerned are not based on merit but rather biased on the basis of favoritism.     

我国上市公司外部融资偏好的成本动因分析

按照西方融资方式的“啄食”顺序理论,企业的外部融资顺序应先债券融资后股权融资。我国股权融资相对于债券融资具有资本成本、代理成本、信息成本和寻租成本的优势,使上市公司的外部融资顺序出现了“重股权融资、轻债券融资”的偏好。应从完善公司治理结构、规范信息披露、着力发展资本市场、加快形成经理人市场等方面入手,以改变不合理的融资现状。     

资源型企业与知识型企业的比较与管理

在归纳概括资源型企业与知识型企业基本含义与根本特征的基础上,从企业生产要素与人员构成、企业的生产与产出、企业的组织、管理与文化等方面对两类企业的主要差异进行了系统分析与比较。结果表明,企业应针对两者的不同特点采用不同的管理方式,以提高管理工作的成效。     

小额信贷的利率分析

小额信贷作为一种有效的扶贫手段，近年来在我国部分地区已经进行了试点，并取得了一定的成绩。但小额信贷能否持续发展并真正起到扶贫作用，关键是能否制定补偿成本的利率，并减少对利率的限制。本文通过给出小额信贷高利率的经济学解释，分析了高利率政策在我国的可行性。     

美国小企业融资体系对中国科技金融的借鉴

美国的小企业融资体系是建立在发达的资本市场基础上的、以市场为导向的政策性金融体系,以及与之相配套的法律法规与政策支持体系。系统研究美国小企业金融体系的法律与政策体系、服务体系以及发达的多层次资本市场与创业投资市场,对于中国发展科技金融支持中小企业创新,促进经济增长方式转变具有现实的借鉴意义。     

中国小额信贷的利率探析

小额信贷作为一种有组织的交易行为 ,近年来在我国扶贫系统进行了试点 ,并取得了一定的成绩。但小额信贷能否推广 ;能否帮助贫困地区解决资金缺乏的障碍 ,关键是能否制定补偿成本的利率 ,实践验证小额利息率对小额信贷的持续发展具有重要作用。影响小额信贷利率水平有诸多的影响因素 ,目前采用三种测算方法可作为确定小额信贷同利率的科学依据。     

企业五种融资方式的选择研究

目前，资金短缺仍然是企业面临的难题之一，解决这一问题的关键是要合理的选择融资方式。本文采用一种新的划分方法，将融资分为财政融资、银行融资、证券融资、商业融资和国际融资，并通过对这五种融资方式的利弊及绩效的比较分析，对中国资本市场融资方式的选择进行探讨。     

提高借贷资本效率综论

我国借贷资本效率不断下降,金融机构贷款和货币供应量大幅度增加.但仍不足以扭转通货紧缩趋势,其原因是多方面的,其中最重要的原因是单一的融资形式和融资渠道,造成社会资本循环周转阻滞.不能仅靠增加贷款量和货币供应量来解决通货紧缩问题,而应该综合治理,特别是要发展、完善金融市场,发展多种融资形式,盘活货币资本存量,用好增量,提高借贷资本效率,使货币和信贷在促进经济增长中发挥更好的作用.     

The Sustainability of Social Capital within Ethnic Networks

This paper examines informal networks that support the British Asianbusiness community. Ethnic communities have been crucial to facilitatingthe economic development of their migrant members, as they make thetransition from economic refugees to citizens. The basis of thisinformal support is the notion of social capital offered to kinsmen whoarrived with finite resources. However, as successive generations havebecome more integrated with the wider community reliance on theseresources is forecast to decrease. Research has shown that subsequentAsian generations are developing complex relations in their attitudesand reliance towards their ethnic community (Janjuha-Jivraj and Woods,2002) it is still an area that is very active in providing crucialinformal business support. There is however, a distinct difference inattitudes between first and second generations in terms of acceptingbusiness support from the ethnic community. This issue is furthercompounded by difficulties among external support agencies inpenetrating ethnic businesses. This leads to the following questions: ? What forms of social capital are evident and how important are they in sustaining relationships within the religious-ethnic community? ? How crucial is the ethnic community in providing an infrastructure to offer support. This paper is based on a network of businesses that are members of a sub-group across Greater London. It is anticipated that the findings will help to unravel the impact of migratory bonds on community members. This in turn will provide useful information for service providers when considering how to successfully target ethnic businesses.     

浅谈小型企业的直接融资渠道问题

改革开放30多年来,我国逐步形成了市场化的经济结构和多元化的所有制结构,小型企业更是蓬勃发展,成为最活跃的经济细胞和增长点,它们对促进科技进步、增加就业、扩大出口等方面发挥着不可忽视而且不可替代的作用。然而,对小型企业的发展所提供的金融供给滞后,融资渠道狭窄,小型企业融资难问题成为制约企业发展的“瓶颈”。资金短缺已严重影响和制约小型企业的发展。文章从小型企业融资的融资渠道方面对小型企业的融资问题进行了探讨。     

Effects of family ownership and management on small business equity financing

Equity financing is important in financing growth but its special features in small business have not been well addressed in the finance or entrepreneurship literature. Since many small firms have family involvement and research shows that family firms have both advantages and disadvantages in managing agency costs, how family involvement and agency issues interact to affect equity financing in small business is an important topic of research. This study examines the effects of family ownership and management on two dimensions of small business equity financing, the use of equity financing and the use of public equity financing within the agency theory of financing. The results show that family involvement and agency issues interactively and separately influence equity financing in small business.     

Going Public to Grow? Evidence from a Panel of Italian Firms

This paper investigates the consequences of the decision to go public for the growth of Italian firms using US firms as a benchmark for comparison. We find Italian firms conducting IPOs are larger than US firms, but raise fewer funds from the IPO and grow more slowly afterwards. We also compare Italian IPOs across time. Firms going public in the 1990s display features that are more similar to US IPOs. We describe changes to the Italian economy and financial markets that are potentially responsible for the change. We compare firms of different size and with different governance structures, and we find that they behave differently after going public. Our results suggest that going public does not guarantee faster growth or more jobs. As such, public policies that simply increase access to equity markets may not be effective unless they provide incentives for the firms’ decision-makers to use the new capital to grow.      

基于中小企业融资难的对策思考

中小企业由于其发展环境和自身存在的种种局限,融资难问题越来越突出。改善融资环境,拓宽融资渠道,促进中小企业的健康发展可从以下四大方面着手:一是强化自身素质建设,全面提升中小企业融资能力;二是发挥政府扶持和引导作用,改善中小企业融资和发展的社会环境;三是加大银行等金融机构的改革力度,优化中小企业金融服务;四是不断创新融资方式,拓展中小企业融资渠道。     

Perceived Environmental Uncertainty and Innovation in Small Firms

Employing data, from a recent survey of Scottish and Northern English Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the current paper provides new evidence of the extent to which perceptions of environmental uncertainty (dynamism, complexity and hostility), along a number of dimensions, discriminate between small firms engaged in various levels of product innovation. Drawing, broadly, upon an extended version of the classic Miles and Snow schema, novel innovators appear to be marked by perceptions of uncertainty in market and technological environments, but by perceptions of a relatively certain or benign competitive environment. Moreover, the paper observes some dissimilarities between manufacturing and service firms. For instance, higher levels of innovation in manufacturing firms are associated with higher perceptions of supplier uncertainty, whilst, higher levels of innovation in service firms are associated with higher perceptions of human resource uncertainty.     

地方政府在解决中小企业融资难问题中的责任

我国中小企业融资难既具有一般普遍性又具有特殊性,解决这一问题的现有措施是通过垂直的行政指令和指导方式推动银行放款。但这一路径的缺陷在于它与银行自主开展业务的要求形成内在冲突,效果不理想。因此,只有从中小企业自身一般性劣势入手,通过中小企业的"优生优育"、盈利性预期的增强以及中小企业信用生态的建设,让银行在自主发现过程中提高对中小企业贷款意愿,而地方政府在这些方面具有不可或缺的责任,应该发挥不可替代的作用。     

中小企业贷款的银行监管政策研究

中小企业贷款获取难的原因主要是大型商业银行没有足够的支持动力,以及中小型商业银行对中小企业贷款支持的力度有限。支持中小企业贷款,银行监管方面应从三个方面着手：优先安排对中小企业贷款,为中小企业贷款制订差异化监管政策体系,采取贷款税收优惠措施。     

淄博市小额贷款公司发展情况研究

小额贷款公司对引导民间资本、解决中小企业融资、促进地方经济发展起到了巨大的作用。但在发展过程中也遇到许多制约因素,因此,多角度探索促进小额贷款公司发展的思路至关重要。