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1.
全球价值链的发展改变了国际贸易的性质,并对收入的形成、竞争力的衡量和贸易政策的制定产生了重要影响。全球价值链创造了财富,但不同国家的财富增长速度是不同的;全球价值链也改变了竞争力的意义,使得竞争力的衡量更加侧重于企业的跨境生产;全球价值链加深了国家之间的依赖,政策合作更加重要。  相似文献   

2.
New empirical estimates of the effects of capital restrictions on growth support capital account liberalization, especially for developed countries. Capital restrictions reduce the benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth in developing countries. Estimation results for long-term capital flows demonstrate that countries with higher flows grow faster, challenging the belief that countries must attain a threshold level of development or human capital to benefit from capital inflows. Moreover, findings show that trade with developed countries and FDI inflows are substitutes in developing countries. Overall, the results support capital account liberalization in developed and developing countries.  相似文献   

3.
This paper examines the dynamic effects of financial integration and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and macroeconomic uncertainty. Using the pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag approach to annual data over 1975-2007 for ninety developing countries, we find that financial integration contributes to faster economic growth and lower growth uncertainty in the long run. The evidence also shows considerable heterogeneity in the short run. In addition, we find that FDI impedes output growth but mitigates uncertainty in output and consumption growth in the long run. In the short run, FDI has an average negative effect on growth and negligible effect on growth uncertainty, but there are large cross-country differences in response to FDI integration.  相似文献   

4.
在共建“丝绸之路经济带”的战略提出后,新疆经济开放度及其对经济发展的贡献程度的研究,对于我国向西开放及把新疆建设成为“丝绸之路经济带”的核心区具有重要的意义。从直观数据上看,经济开放促进了新疆经济的快速发展,但实际上,并没有体现出两者的数量关系和因果关系。因此,文章将对新疆国内生产总值与各经济开放度指标进行实证分析,通过计量模型来判断经济开放度与经济发展的关系,并提出相应的对策建议。  相似文献   

5.
    
The real effective exchange rate (REER) is one of the most cited statistics in open‐economy macroeconomics. We show that the models used to compute these numbers are not rich enough to allow for the rising importance of global value chains. Moreover, because different sectors within a country participate in international production sharing at different stages, sector‐level variations are also important for determining competitiveness. Incorporating these features, we develop a framework to compute REER at both the sector and country level and apply it on intercountry input‐output tables to study the properties of the new measures.  相似文献   

6.
何种金融结构更有利于经济增长是一个在理论上存在巨大分歧的问题,中国经济为经验验证金融结构对经济增长的影响提供了一个非常理想的样本。本文以1995~2006年中国29个省级单位的经验数据为样本,采用Difference GMM和System GMM动态面板回归估计方法系统地检验了中国的银行集中度对经济增长及其两个组成部分(TFP增长和资本积累)的影响,得出的主要结论是,中国金融中介整体规模的扩张实际上并未对经济增长贡献更多,在这个环境下,中国当前较高的银行集中度是阻碍了经济增长,这主要表现为较高的银行集中度抑制了劳均资本的积累,其对TFP增长的影响在统计上却是不显著的。  相似文献   

7.
We examine the importance of total factor productivity (TFP) growth in middle-income countries (MICs) based on cross-country panel data for the period of 1975–2014. We find that TFP growth contributed significantly to a country’s upward transition from middle-income to high-income country group. The TFP growth model reveals that the catch-up effect, human capital, smaller population, weak currency, and research and development growth are significant sources of TFP growth. We do not find a systematic difference in the TFP growth models for MICs. In analyzing the role of factors influencing TFP growth at different income stages, strengthening innovative activities and building innovative capacities are important in overcoming the challenges that MICs face when transitioning to the high-income group. Governments of upper MICs need to initiate reform to motivate innovation by optimizing national R&D systems, and redesigning the educational system to target promoting innovation.  相似文献   

8.
9.
本文依据有代表性的金融指标的结构化特点,构建具有时效性的金融压力指数以识别中国金融体系的压力,运用马尔可夫区制转移模型(MS-VAR)研究中国金融体系压力的区制特征,并利用Granger线性与非线性因果关系检验验证了金融压力与工业增加值的增长关系。研究表明,2008年以来,中国金融压力较高;2010年一季度后金融压力有所降低但是波动较大;金融压力指数对工业增加值有显著地线性和非线性Granger影响;对金融压力指数进行预测的结果表明,中国金融系统压力在2011年下半年以后处于低压力区制的高位置波动,并有转向高压力区制的趋势,金融系统表现为不稳定。  相似文献   

10.
近年来,研究有关税收和经济增长之间关系的文献较多,但从马克思的再生产理论角度来进行研究的却不多。在宋则行先生推导的国民经济增长公式的基础上,进一步引入税收和政府支出因素的同时,再做出如下假定:资本的有机构成保持不变;政府只对剩余价值征税;剩余价值率保持不变;税收不会改变产品间的比例关系。从而可以更清晰地看出我国宏观税负的总体水平。  相似文献   

11.
本文基于2006—2018年长江经济带的省际面板数据,在利用基准回归模型检验OFDI逆向技术溢出对技术创新促进作用的基础上,构建了门槛面板模型,检验不同经济开放度下OFDI逆向技术溢出对我国技术创新的影响。实证结果表明,衡量经济开放度的三个指标中,研发强度和技术差距均存在单一门槛作用,并且对OFDI逆向技术溢出起到明显地促进作用;而市场开放度则存在双重门槛,呈现出先促进再阻碍而后又促进的过程。最后,结合长江经济带地区的发展实际,提出了利用OFDI促进技术创新的措施建议,以期为我国经济高质量发展提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
    
We examine the determinants of financial sector development in Asia and the Pacific from 1995 to 2011. In terms of economic growth, over the last twenty years the region has outperformed other parts of the world and has also experienced major developments in its traditionally bank-dominated financial system since the 1997 Asian financial crisis. We apply the dynamic generalized method of moments to a panel data set of twenty-six economies in the region. The estimations were done for the whole panel as well as for subpanels of developed and developing economies. We find that better governance and institutional quality foster financial sector development in developing economies while economic growth and trade openness are key determinants of financial depth in developed economies.  相似文献   

13.
    
In this study, we investigate the determinants of labor productivity dynamics in transition economies using data from Croatian manufacturing industries. Capital intensity growth and human capital accumulation have been significant contributors to stronger productivity gains. Private-sector development has positively affected productivity growth—but mostly through the increasing role of new private companies. Still, unfinished privatization represents a significant obstacle to stronger productivity gains. The effect of increasing trade openness is significant but negative, most likely owing to weak export competitiveness of Croatian companies. Neither greenfield nor (predominant) brownfield foreign direct investment inflows have contributed to higher labor productivity growth. Further privatization and structural reforms seem to be the most promising policy measures that need to be undertaken in order to achieve higher productivity gains.  相似文献   

14.
中国经济增长质量的综合评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用经过改进的主成分分析法,对1978-2006年的中国经济增长质量进行综合评价.改革开放以来,中国经济增长速度的确很快,但是我国经济增长质量的提高相对滞后于经济增长规模数量的扩张.要实现中国经济的持续、快速、稳定增长,就必须从低质量增长向高质量增长转变.  相似文献   

15.
科学解读我国税收与经济之间的依存状况具有理论和实践意义。可以通过对税收与经济依存关系的内在机理、考察税收增减状况的适宜参照系、不同因素对税收与经济依存状况的作用机理,对1997~2002年我国税收大幅度超经济增长现象的深层原因进行较为系统的分析,并据此对我国税收与经济的依存趋势进行预测。  相似文献   

16.
    
This article assesses the impact of trade, capital openness and institutions on emerging economies’ output loss during the “Great Recession.” The fixed-effect estimates of an unbalanced panel of 122 emerging countries observed from 2008 to 2010 yield three main results. First, trade openness has exacerbated output loss. Second, capital openness can help mitigate the negative impact of an external shock, but this is conditional on the level of financial development. Finally, the results also point out that the interrelations between financial and institutional development affect the crisis’s severity.  相似文献   

17.
基于模块化的企业价值网络及其竞争优势研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以价值模块化为基础,传统的集合型价值链经过解构、整合和重建形成具有差异化竞争优势的模块化价值链。不同企业的价值模块和模块化价值链在共同的界面标准内交叉连接、融合贯通,形成企业价值网络。企业价值网络集聚各成员企业的优势资源,将各种能力要素协同在一个无形的网络平台上,通过不同组织模块之间的协作、创新和竞争,能够产生新的竞争优势。企业以价值模块化为基础,对自身价值链进行整合,融入企业价值网络,能够分享网络内成员企业的优势资源和技术创新成果,共享模块化经济,增强企业核心竞争力和抗风险能力。模块化时代,企业之间的竞争已经演进为企业价值网络之间的竞争。  相似文献   

18.
2007年金融危机发生在金融、经济、制度高度发达的中心国家,是由世界经济体系的薄弱环节断裂导致的,是对制度模式、经济失衡和国际货币体系的一种调整.金融层面的原因在于次贷危机,金融创新过度,金融衍生产品泛滥,美国金融体系存在诸多不完善之处,金融监管不力、缺失.从经济层面分析,美国国内经济失衡是危机爆发的基础原因,全球经济失衡是2007年金融危机爆发的深层原因,金融危机是市场经济周期运行的必然结果.制度层面的原因主要包括过度干预经济,美国模式的技术缺陷和不合理的国际货币体系.  相似文献   

19.
2007年金融危机起源于金融、经济、制度高度发达的中心国家,是由世界经济体系的薄弱环节断裂导致的,是对制度模式、经济失衡和国际货币体系的一种调整。金融层面的原因在于次贷危机.金融创新过度,金融衍生产品泛滥,美国金融体系存在诸多不完善之处.金融监管不力、缺失。从经济层面分析,美国国内经济失衡是危机爆发的基础原因.全球经济失衡是金融危机爆发的深层原因,金融危机是市场经济周期运行的必然结果。制度层面的原因主要包括过度干预经济,美国模式的技术缺陷和不合理的国际货币体系。  相似文献   

20.
    
Sam Cole  Ian Miles 《Futures》1984,16(5):471-493
The distribution of world output between countries, and between social groups within countries, is central to long-term development prospects. Unequal shares mean unequal influence over the future direction of world affairs. The level and structure of demand are conditioned by the distribution of financial resources; while the power to influence the course of development is itself tied to the resources that can be marshalled in support of one's objectives. Two forecasting techniques, scenario construction and global modelling, are used to assess these relationships and explore the consequences of one possible ‘future history’ in which distribution worldwide does eventually begin to improve. Striking limitations to most development strategies are identified; without a wide-ranging set of changes, the prospects for improved distribution—and relief of poverty—are bleak.  相似文献   

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