国外通胀指数债券的发展、运作机理及借鉴

政府通胀指数债券作为债券市场的一种债券品种创新，具有帮助投资者规避长期国债投资的购买力风险，降低国债发行成本并有利于国债的顺利发行，为宏观经济调控提供有用信息等优势，我国应适时推出通胀指数债券以促进国债市场的发展。     

国债期限结构为何刚性难调——基于中国债券市场制度约束的分析

中国虽然从国债年度额度审批制度转变到国债余额管理制度,但是国债期限结构创新的制度约束仍然存在。研究表明国债余额管理制度没有解决长期国债短期化的制度供给问题,财政国库现金管理制度缺位是国债期限结构创新的制度供给约束;现行汇率制度制约着央行对短期国债的需求,央行票据对短期国债出现了替代现象,这些构成了国债期限结构创新的需求制约因素。最后,本文提出国债期限结构创新的一些政策建议。     

Out of Bounds: Do SPF Respondents Have Anchored Inflation Expectations?

Since the Federal Open Market Committee announced a 2% inflation target in 2012, the median long-run inflation forecast of professional forecasters has been near target. We show, however, that most individual forecasters' long-run inflation expectations fluctuate substantially, with sizeable departures from target. We propose a new “bounds anchoring” indicator based on deviations of individuals' long-run forecasts from target. This indicator sheds new light on gradual changes in expectations since the 2012 announcement. We find that bounds anchoring gradually strengthened in the years following the target announcement, but that this trend has recently started to reverse.     

2009-2010年债券市场运行分析与展望

2009年,在适度宽松的货币政策和积极财政政策引导下,我国债券市场得以克服国际金融危机负面影响,继续保持稳定运行态势。各类证券发行量稳步增长,二级市场交易量温和放大,指数出现回调,债市与股市互动明显。展望2010年,在通胀预期和货币政策从紧预期影响下,市场利率有望上行,指数震荡幅度加大,商业性证券发行量继续增加,政府债券发行会有所控制。     

通货膨胀持久性的不确定性与货币政策：一个简单的分析框架

通过构建一个简单的分析框架研究通货膨胀持久性的不确定性与货币政策之间的关系。研究结果表明，当面对通货膨胀持久性不确定性时，低估通货膨胀持久性程度能够降低通货膨胀波动。更确切地说，不论是否存在通货膨胀持久性，低估通货膨胀持久性的货币政策是最优的。     

Inflation–growth nexus: some bivariate EGARCH evidence for Bangladesh

This study examines the inflation–growth nexus for Bangladesh over the period 1976–2009 in a bivariate exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity in mean (EGARCH-M) model. This work finds that both growth and inflation adversely affect each other in a lagged fashion in Bangladesh. Inflation uncertainty appears to be conducive to growth for the country, contradicting the Friedman hypothesis. Growth uncertainty, which is also thought to be inimical to growth, affects the average growth rate positively. Thus, the Central Bank should shift its target from controlling inflation uncertainty to reducing a rise in inflation to ensure faster growth in Bangladesh.     

Basis risk in static versus dynamic longevity-risk hedging

This paper provides a tractable, parsimonious model for assessing basis risk in longevity and its effect on the hedging strategies of Pension Funds and annuity providers. Basis risk is captured by a single parameter, that measures the co-movement between the portfolio and the reference population’s longevity. The paper sets out the static, full and customized swap-hedge for an annuity, and compares it with a dynamic, partial, and index-based hedge. We calibrate our model to the UK and Scottish populations. The effectiveness of static versus dynamic strategies depends on the rebalancing frequency of the second, on the relative costs, and on basis risk, which does not affect fully-customized, static hedges. We show that appropriately calibrated dynamic hedging strategies can still be reasonably effective, even at low rebalancing frequencies.     

基于VAR模型的黄金价格影响因素分析

自20世纪70年代初期布雷顿森林体系崩溃之后,美国割断了美元与黄金的固定比价关系,使黄金价格步入了市场化的轨道,黄金价格的大幅波动越演越烈,这使得人们越来越重视探讨影响黄金价格的种种因素。为此,利用VAR模型对黄金价格自身、美国通货膨胀率、国际原油价格等因素与黄金价格总水平的关系进行研究。通过研究得到了各因素影响黄金价格总水平的程度,其中发现黄金价格自身的波动是导致国际黄金价格总水平上升的最主要因素,这为研究黄金价格的变动提供了重要依据。     

浮动汇率能够更好地抵御金融危机冲击--来自此次全球金融危机的证据

在此次全球金融危机中,实行浮动汇率的“通胀目标制”国家的表现要优于实行固定汇率的国家。就实际GDP增长率及其波动性来看,实行“通胀目标制”的国家与实行硬钉住汇率的国家的差异性并不显著,但是,二者在通胀率和失业率的变化以及通胀率、名义GDP增长率和失业率的波动性等方面具有显著的差异性,浮动汇率能够更好地抵御金融危机的冲击。     

基于面板模型的中国国债风险溢价实证研究

该研究采用面板模型实证分析了2003年12月至2008年4月上海证券交易所债券市场国债风险溢价与利率期限结构及宏观经济变量的关系。实证结果显示,上期利率期限结构曲线越陡峭,当期国债风险溢价越高;上期通货膨胀水平越高,当期国债风险溢价越高,而再延长一期滞后期,会发现滞后第二期的通货膨胀水平与当期国债风险溢价存在显著负关系;货币供应同比增速增加时,国债风险溢价水平降低。     

Inflation,Output Growth,and Their Uncertainties: Empirical Evidence for a Causal Relationship from European Emerging Economies

In this paper, we analyze the causality among inflation, output growth, and their uncertainties in all European countries with emerging economies. For these countries, high uncertainty regarding economic growth during the current economic and financial crisis that started in 2008 caused their governments to increase their efforts to sustain growth, and to maintain a low level of inflation. Of the twelve possible hypotheses regarding the causal relationships among inflation, output growth, and their uncertainties, we consider five relationships for which we find strong theoretical arguments and empirical evidence in the literature. The empirical evidence strongly supports the Friedman-Ball hypothesis that inflation Granger-causes inflation uncertainty. For the other four tested hypotheses, fewer significant causal relationships are obtained.     

Measuring Inflation Anchoring and Uncertainty: A U.S. and Euro Area Comparison

We use several U.S. and euro‐area surveys of professional forecasters to estimate a dynamic factor model of inflation featuring time‐varying uncertainty. We obtain survey‐consistent distributions of future inflation at any horizon, both in the U.S. and the euro area. Equipped with this model, we propose a novel measure of the anchoring of inflation expectations that accounts for inflation uncertainty. Our results suggest that following the Great Recession, inflation anchoring improved in the United States, while mild de‐anchoring occurred in the euro area. As of our sample end, both areas appear to be almost equally anchored.     

CVP under uncertainty and the manager's utility function

Cost-volume-profit analysis has focused on the firm's short-run output decision assuming that the manager maximizes the firm's objective function rather than his or her own. This study argues that the decision problem facing the manager is to determine not only the level of output, but also the level of investment in risky assets in such a way that the expected utility of the manager's own end-of-period wealth can be maximized when the manager's wealth function is dependent on vested interests both within and outside of the firm, possibly in competition with the firm. Through analytical work, it is demonstrated that a change in fixed costs of the firm affects not only the production decision of a manager, but also his orher decision to invest in risky assets. The direction of this fixed cost effect depends on the particular type of risk aversion displayed by the manager. From the analytical work, five propositions are developed for empirical investigation in the future.The most helpful comments of Professor Cheng-few Lee are greatly acknowledged. We wish to thank anonymous referees who's comments have improved the paper. Furthermore, participants at the seminar at the University of Massachusetts Lowell also provided helpful comments.     

股价波动、通货膨胀与固定资产投资——基于协整和VEC模型的经验证据

经验证据表明,我国股票市场时全社会固定资产投资的影响作用还比较小,股票市场对固定资产投资的冲击在部分时段是负效应,可能存在部分"挤出效应".而影响固定资产投资的主要因素是GDP的变动.另外在我国,通货膨胀率对固定资产投资的影响比较明显.从短期来看,固定资产投资也带动了通货膨胀.国内固定资产投资的波动不仅受偏离均衡的影响,还受到GDP、Cpi、上证综合指数与存款利率水平自身变动的影响.央行应加强审慎的宏观调控,优化信贷结构,加强农村水利建设的长期投资,为经济结构调整和经济增长方式的转变提供稳定的货币金融环境.