异丁烯生产技术新进展

论述了异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯，正丁烯异构化制异丁烯和催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）装置增产异丁烯三种最具竞争力的技术，并对各种技术进行了经济评价，提出了我国大扩大异丁烯来源的最佳途径是采用多产异丁烯的新型催化剂和工艺。     

科技消息

步法流态化催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）装置催化剂的再生工艺在流态化催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）装置中加工重油或残余油时,焦炭和包括钒在内的金属沉积在催化剂上,烧掉沉积在催化剂上的焦碳会增加催化剂再生的成本,无论是要额外冷却使催化剂维持适宜的温度,或通过两步法进行催化剂再...     

从含硫原油加工方案的技术经济比较论加氢技术的应用

中东含硫原油的性质有别于我国大部分原油，其加工路线也有异于目前国产原不同常规的加工流程，经过分析讨论及技术经济评价，认为加氢工艺与含硫原不同的加工密不可分，是产品精制，原料改质及保护环境的有效手段，蜡油经缓加氢裂化（ＭＨＣ）改质作为催化裂化（ＦＣＣ）的原料或直接加氢裂化，渣油则由延迟焦化（ＤＣ）加工，这两类加工方案投资低，经济性最好，较为适合我国的国情，渣油加氢方案轻油产率高，无低值难销副产品，这     

动态

湖北着手淘汰ＣＦＣ类物质（氟）湖北省是ＣＦＣ消耗大省，全省年消费量高达６４０吨左右。特别是武汉市是我国“三大火炉”城市之一，是ＣＦＣ消耗的重点城市，估计年消耗ＣＦＣ在４２００吨以上。如此大的消耗，既不利于保护臭氧层，又有碍于湖北经济与环境实现可持续发展。有关专家认为，格林柯尔制冷剂是替代ＣＦＣ的理想产品。据介绍，格林柯尔集团开发研制的格林柯尔制冷剂是一种不含ＣＦＣ的新型制冷剂，符合国际环保组织保护大气臭氧层的需要，获得了美国三项专利和世界制冷界组织———美国暖通、制冷及空调工程师协会（ＡＳＨＲＡ…     

催化裂化技术再发展的探讨

催化裂化技术再发展的探讨王全荣一、国外催化裂化工艺及催化剂发展近况及趋向（一）有关催化裂化工艺方面催化裂化在国外仍然是炼油的骨干工艺。从世界范围来看，其加工能力占炼油二次加工转化，总能力的５３．８％，其中比例最大的是日本，占７０．４％，其次是北美，占...     

催化裂化反应机理研究进展及其实践应用

催化裂化技术在世界化工领域具有广泛的应用,通过技术分解以及研发,能够很好的适用于生产清洁燃料、化工原材料以及劣质原材料加工等多个环节。文章首先介绍了化工生产中的催化裂化技术,随后对清洁燃料生产中的催化裂化技术进行了探讨,最后提出了加工劣质原料中的催化裂化技术,希望可以有效促进催化裂化技术的应用与发展。     

生命的意义——记中国科学院院士陈俊武

陈俊武是我国催化裂化工程技术的奠基人，40多年来，先后主持过多个炼油厂的总体设计，指导过20余套炼油装置设计，尤其对流化催化裂化工程技术的开发和发展作出了突出贡献。1962年至1965年，他担任我国第一套处理量60万吨／年的流化催化裂化装置设计师，由于作出了优异成绩，1978年他获得全国科学大会奖。他指导设计了我国第一套处理量为120万吨／年的催化裂化装置，开创了国内首次大型流态化工业技术测试。     

石油炼制:夯实石化产业基础

经过几十年的发展，我国石油炼制技术已经具备较好的创新基础，催化裂化、加氢精制、加氢裂化、渣油加氢、催化重整等一系列拥有自主知识产权的特色技术已达国际先进水平。为进一步推动石油炼制产业发展和技术升级，必须对国内已经工业化的炼油技术进行改进、提高和集成，通过推广一批先进炼油技术淘汰落后产能。     

催化裂化工艺技术的应用与进展

我国石油的催化裂化技术正在高速发展,科学有效的催化裂化技术有利于我国加工重油、提取轻油和改善油品质量,本文对其研究进展展开详尽分析,为下一代技术的创新提出思路。     

为中国与世界技术接轨而努力─—记北京西门赖氏机械配件有限公司

为中国与世界技术接轨而努力─—记北京西门赖氏机械配件有限公司北京西门赖氏机械配件有限公司（ＢＥＩＪＩＮＧＸＩ－ＭＥＮＩＮＦＯＬＡＩＭＡＣＨＩＮＥＲＹＦＩＴＴＩＮＧＳＣＯ，ＬＴＤ）是德国赖氏设计咨询贸易公司（ＩＮＦＯＬＡＩＵＬＭ）设在北京的分支公司。总...     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.