创新基金扶持中小企业 应对国际金融危机

1998年．美籍华人、美国南康大学教授肖镜如给时任国务院总理朱镕基写了一封信。肖镜如认为,发展经济,应该重视小企业,“大企业不行,小企业行”。他建议中国政府加大对中小企业尤其是科技型中小企业的扶持力度。     

对金融危机下农业政策性银行支持涉农企业发展的思考

全球金融危机的扩散和蔓延,正在对中国实体经济带来冲击与影响,而涉及粮棉油生产、收购、加工及其他农产品加工企业也未能独善其身,由于涉农企业受到较大的冲击,进而影响到农业生产的稳定和农民的增收。在这场金融危机面前,农业政策性银行如何充分履行职能,支持涉农企业摆脱困境,促进农业和农村经济的良性循环。本文通过抽象调查与思考,较深刻地分析了金融危机对涉农企业及信贷支农的影响,提示了涉农企业在这场金融危机中应把握的发展机遇,提示了农业政策性银行在这场金融危机中应承担的支农、护农责任及采取的对策建议。     

Factors contributing to the financial crisis in Korea

Korea's economic development is a well documented fact. The globalization of the Korean economy brought with it a high rate of economic growth. The Korean economy began to experience a financial crisis from late 1997. This paper inquires into the causes that led to such a crisis. It shows that there were economic indicators foretelling the crisis. Among many factors causing the crisis, the current account deficit, the inadequate cash flows of corporations and the banks' weakening finances, and the small amount of international reserves, provided conditions for a successful speculative attack on the Korean won. The government guarantees led to over-investment and excessive borrowing. Thus, the self-fulfilling hypothesis of Flood and Garbers (1984) and Obstfeld (1986) and the hypothesis of Krugman (1998) explain the causes of the Korean crisis to a great extent. This paper addresses banks' performance and the weak financial condition of corporations and concludes that to get back on the path of stable economic growth, export diversification and productivity growth, together with a sound financial system, is necessary.     

透过金融危机看我国的金融监管

从根源上看,以美国次贷危机为导火索的全球金融危机与金融监管不力密切相关。本文从金融危机的成因及传递机制入手,对金融监管在整个金融体系中的重要作用进行分析,并针对目前的金融危机,对改革金融监管提出了自己的一些意见     

次贷危机会撂倒多少美国银行

有一百五十八年历史的美国第四大投行雷曼兄弟再也挣扎不下去了。同时,美林证券被美国银行收购,美国国际集团（AIG）被美联储接管;美国最大的住房抵押贷款银行之一华盛顿互助银行也处于风雨飘摇之中……     

The causes of the recent financial crisis and the role of central banks in avoiding the next one

The recent financial crisis revealed that in a world of large asymmetries of information, of complex financial innovations and incomplete regulatory frameworks “self regulation” obviously does not work. But we have also seen that the governmental stabilisation policies have not worked well either. This paper argues that there have been, at least, two main contributors to the recent financial crisis. The one is supervision and regulation policy, the other is monetary policy. Easy monetary policy designed to ward off perceived risks of deflation in 2002–04 contributed to the boom in the housing market in 2004 and 2005 by keeping interest rates too low for too long. Particularly the US-Fed has played a crucial role by fuelling the asset-price, boom-bust cycle that led to the sub-prime crisis and the following global financial crisis. Moreover, this paper analyses what central banks can do to help avoid a next financial crisis. In particular, the role and limits of supplementary macro-prudential instruments are discussed.     

如何应对金融危机下的主要就业问题

由美国次贷危机引发的国际社会金融海啸将全球带入了新一轮的经济困难期。随着对实体经济的冲击,对中国就业形势的影响也在逐渐加深。我国一直坚持就业是民生之本,更是经济长期持续高速发展的保证。本文从金融危机给我国带来的主要的就业问题出发,分析了这些问题产生的原因。以此为基础,结合我国实际,提出了相应的应对措施。     

企业财务危机问题分析

一、企业财务危机的成因分析1.企业财务危机发生的外部原因①国家宏观管理制度不健全。伴随着我国市场经济体制的建立,使企业成为自主经营、自负盈亏的市场经济主体。这虽然为企业的自由发展创造了条件,但也在一定程度上放松了对企业的监督和约束。同时,我国经济和会计法律制度     

近期越南金融危机的评估

按照国际通行标准,越南已经发生金融危机。越南金融危机事出有因,是其经济虚高增长的矫枉过正,它对周边国家经济影响有限,但给我们提供了经验教训。只要发展基础没有改变,越南今后的经济前景仍可看好。     

Indonesia's banking crisis: a new perspective on $50 billion of losses

The Asian crisis devastated the Indonesian banking sector and led to astronomical losses, almost entirely paid for by the government, i.e. by the general public. The paper provides a new perspective on the crisis, stressing that bank losses are not the same as losses to the economy: most of the ‘losses’ of the banks are actually transfers to borrowers and depositors. It should be possible to recover part of the amounts concerned through taxation of the major beneficiaries. The paper contrasts the conventional approach, embedded in business accounting, used to manage the banking crisis, with an alternative approach that relies on national accounting concepts. It shows how the latter can provide a new perspective, elucidating the massive transfers of wealth that took place during the crisis. This suggests possible improvements in bank resolution strategies, through the identification and quantification of the main transfers of wealth, followed by their taxation.     

揭露美国次贷危机所引发的全球金融危机真相

美国次贷危机爆发两年来,国内外经济学界以及政界都对此进行了深入研究,观点主要集中在市场主体和监管主体的"有限理性"、内外部经济结构失衡和货币政策环境的影响、全球金融货币体系制度设计的缺陷、以及资本主义制度基本矛盾等几个方面,试图勾画组合出一幅危机的完整图象。但因缺少一条逻辑主线将这些正确的归因与少数为了转移矛头故意歪曲事实真相的借口有机串连,致使图象主题不够立体、清晰。为了更好地认清危机的实质,本文运用中华文明辨证逻辑思维这条主线,深度透视危机的本源,还原危机背后的真相,揭露真正的幕后元凶及其支配主体行为的片面思维逻辑,以便呈现出一幅更为清晰、立体的美国次贷危机全景图。     

国际金融危机下我国积极财政政策的效应评析

由美国次贷引发的国际金融危机对我国经济产生了巨大的冲击。在出口、投资和消费均出现下滑的态势下,我国政府果断出台了扩大内需的积极财政政策,以实现稳定经济增长的目标。本文在分析国际金融危机背景下我国经济基本走势的基础上,对我国政府实施的积极财政政策进行了政策回顾及效应评析,充分肯定了积极财政政策在应对国际金融危机中发挥的积极作用。     

金融危机下美国养老计划难养老

已经在美国实行了近三十年的401K计划曾一路顺畅,但这次金融危机让401K计划提早进入衰退期,美国人享受401K计划带来的幸福养老时代,将变得遥不可及     

From the Asian crisis to the global credit crisis: reforming the international financial architecture redux

2008 was marked by the tenth anniversary of the Asian crisis and the debate over how to reform the international financial architecture but also by the outbreak of the most serious global credit crisis in generations. This paper reviews the debate over how to strengthen the international monetary and financial system in this light. An earlier version of this paper was presented to a meeting of the Tokyo Club, Tokyo, Japan, 11–12 November 2008. Comments of the participants there and of the editors of this journal are acknowledged with thanks. I am grateful as well to the Tokyo Club for permission to publish this revised version. Financial support from the Coleman Fund Risk Management Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley is acknowledged with thanks.

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金融危机下扶持民营经济发展的财税政策思考

改革开放30年来,民营经济为我国经济和社会发展做出了巨大贡献。全球金融危机的爆发对我国民营经济产生了巨大冲击。为减轻民营企业税收负担,加大财政对民营企业的支持力度,我国政府应进一步完善对民营经济的财税支持体系,包括统一各类企业税收制度、完善中小企业税收优惠政策、进一步提高出口退税率、在全国范围内进一步推进增值税改革及大幅度增加用于支持中小企业信用担保的资金等措施。