印度会计规范及其国际趋同研究

在进行会计规范国际化的研究时,我国往往总是以经济发达国家为参照,然而印度在人口、经济发达程度与发展速度等方面与我国有一定的相似性,印度在应对会计国际化方面的一些做法,也许对我们有所启示。本文主要对印度会计规范形式、制订过程、国际化动因与程度、国际化应对措施等内容进行了探讨。     

China's Convergence with IFRS: Analysis of Dual-listed Companies

This study investigates China's convergence towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) differences data disclosed in AH-share companies’ annual reports from 2006 to 2017. We firstly find that 92% of AH-share companies disclosed GAAP differences in 2006, immediately prior to implementation of converged Chinese accounting standards (CAS). This ratio decreased to 88% in 2007, 58% in 2010, and 38% in 2011, respectively. After 2011, less than one third of AH companies disclosed GAAP differences. Secondly, an increasing number of AH companies (35%) have published CAS-based financial statements in Hong Kong from 2014. Thirdly, except for the first few years after 2007, the disclosed GAAP differences have dropped to a very low level; since 2010 the net profit and net assets GAAP differences ratios have been below 0.5%. Fourthly, reduction of the disclosed GAAP differences appears to be the result of efforts by Chinese standard setters and regulators, work related to the International Accounting Standards Board, or changes in China's special socio-economic environment. Distinct from word-by-word comparison between CAS and IFRS, this research shows that China has achieved its original goal, namely an enterprise applying CAS should produce financial statements that are the same as those of an enterprise that applies IFRS. Our findings provide insights regarding China's institutional evolution in terms of the country's IFRS convergence effort, which are useful for further empirical study.     

Measurement of Formal Convergence of Vietnamese Accounting Standards with IFRS

Convergence refers to the process of narrowing the differences between International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and country‐specific accounting standards. The purpose of this study is to measure the formal convergence between Vietnamese Accounting Standards (VAS) and IAS/IFRS using a fuzzy‐based approach. We assess the extent of convergence between VAS and IAS/IFRS from the perspective of a single standard, clusters of standards and the standards as a whole. The levels of standards convergence are clustered into four categories: full convergence, substantial convergence, substantial difference and complete difference. Our results indicate that the level of convergence between the two sets of standards only achieves mid‐level convergence. The findings of this study should help policy makers improve VAS to meet international standards.     

China's Convergence to IFRS with Particular Respect to Its Banking Industry

In this paper the author provides an overview of the process of China's convergence to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with particular respect to its banking industry.     

Monitoring Compliance with IFRS: Some Insights from the French Regulatory System

European Union Regulation 1606/2002 is aimed at improving the quality of financial reporting and developing a single capital market in Europe. Nevertheless, these goals cannot necessarily be achieved solely by making a requirement for EU companies to use International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the EU has sought to create a mechanism to oversee the appropriate application of these standards. In this paper, we describe and comment on the methods used by the French stock exchange regulator, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), for monitoring compliance with the national reporting rules as this bears upon the issue of enforcement of IFRS in Europe as from 2005. The AMF has been chosen in our study because of its extensive experience with the review of financial statements of listed companies. Our paper draws on qualitative interviews with people involved directly in scrutinizing financial information at the AMF as well as on the experience gained from attachment to the AMF's Accounting Division. While there is recent research that addresses the issues on enforcement of accounting standards, there is still a lack of studies which discuss the relevance and effectiveness of the methods used to monitor compliance with accounting standards. Our paper may be of interest to different groups of participants including regulatory oversight bodies, auditors, producers and users of financial information in the capital markets.     

关于中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续全面趋同问题

为响应G20峰会提出的建立全球高质量会计准则的倡议,IASB拟对系列准则进行重大修改,包括:将金融工具的分类从现行的四类简化为以摊余成本和公允价值计量两类,并禁止重分类;对公允价值进行重新定义,强调公允价值估值技术必须与市场法、收益法或成本法一致;在财务报表中引入综合收益,并按照营业活动、筹资活动对三张报表进行分类;其他准则的后续修订仍在继续。我国作为新兴市场经济国家,企业经济业务有其特殊性。财政部发布了《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续全面趋同路线图(征求意见稿)》,会计理论和实务工作者应当积极行动起来,抓住机遇、迎接挑战,积极参与IASB的准则修订,促进全球统一的高质量会计准则充分考虑新兴市场经济国家的实际,并积极消除中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则现存的极少差异,实现会计准则的持续全面趋同。     

Accounting Classification in the IFRS Era

The degree to which, and the purposes for which, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been adopted vary internationally. This paper uses classification techniques in order to investigate the reaction of countries, or companies within them, to IFRS. In addition, this paper investigates five aspects of this; for example, whether European countries mandate IFRS for unconsolidated financial reports. Previous classifications in accounting are used to help to predict and explain this.     

Some Implications of IFRS Adoption for Accounting Education

This paper addresses challenges accounting educators face in their teaching following the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We use Australia as an example of a developed nation and 2005 adopter of IFRS, the United States as a potential adopter, and Romania as an emerging economy with a history of harmonisation and adoption initiatives. Accounting educators globally need to strengthen their engagement with the principles‐based approach to teaching IFRS. Teaching resources, educational research and Continuing Professional Development activities related to a principles‐based approach to teaching IFRS are necessary for educators to enrich the learning experience of students given the move from a rules‐based to a principles‐based set of accounting standards.     

Convergence of accounting standards and financial reporting externality: evidence from mandatory IFRS adoption

Using mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as a natural experiment, we examine whether reporting externalities can be magnified when financial disclosures are based on a common set of accounting standards. Specifically, we investigate and find that the changes in publicly available information of mandatory IFRS adopters (due to the convergence of accounting standards) can impact the investment efficiency of prior voluntary adopters. While we document positive externalities of mandatory IFRS, we also observe heterogeneity in these spillover effects at the firm and the country level, suggesting that externalities increase with improvements in the comparability of accounting information.     

当前国际会计趋同形势和我国企业会计准则国际趋同的策略选择

随着世界经济一体化程度日益加深,国际财务报告准则在全球范围的应用越来越广泛。尤其是在2008年国际金融危机爆发后,为制定一套全球高质量的会计准则,提高会计信息透明度,稳定全球金融体系和资本市场,全球会计准则趋同步伐进一步加快,各国或地区采取的会计准则国际趋同策略倍受国际社会广泛关注。在当前国际金融监管框架正在重新构建,国际会计格局正在发生重大调整,国际会计准则制定机构正在积极推动治理结构改革的新形势下,我国需要审时度势,顺势而为,选择适应国情需要的会计准则国际趋同策略。     

国际保险会计准则的最新发展及对我国的影响——基于IFRS17和IFRS9

中国采用了会计准则与国际财务报告准则实际持续趋同的路径。国际会计准则理事会IFRS 17与IFRS 9的发布与生效,将对中国保险行业的会计实务、财务信息、经营管理与战略等多方面产生重大影响与冲击。本文讨论国际保险会计准则最新变化对我国的影响,分析IFRS 17关于保险合同会计准则确认、计量与披露的重大调整,讨论IFRS 17与IFRS 9与我国当前会计实务的差异与影响,在此基础上讨论我国保险合同会计与保险公司所面临的改革与挑战。     

中国会计准则与国际财务报告准则趋同程度——资产计价准则的经验检验

本文创新性地修订了Jaccard系数以使其适于全面衡量准则趋同程度,首次在国内区别准则“缺失”和“分歧”两种情况并借助该两种趋同度指标进一步揭示了准则差异的不同成因,进而发现它们与修订Jaccard系数三者之间的逻辑关系;首次使用详细的准则精准对比点,主要以资产计价相关准则为检验对象,分阶段定量考察了1998年以来中国会计准则（CAS）与国际财务报告准则（IFRS）的趋同程度及其变化趋势。研究结果表明,至少在所考察的准则方面,CAS与IFRS之间的趋同程度有了显著提高且在总体上实现了实质性趋同,目前绝大部分准则比较项目已达到高度趋同,但仍在少数领域存在细微差异;从差异的成因来看,一方准则缺乏相关规定所致差异是主因,两套准则规定不同所致差异则居次要地位;鉴于我国现阶段转型经济特征,CAS与IFRS的差异应属适度。     

Convergence in accounting standards: Insights from academicians and practitioners

The efficiency and competitiveness of global capital markets depends on the ability of financial statement preparers to communicate effectively with investors through financial reports. Despite the global movement to adopt IFRS, US adoption of IFRS is still uncertain. To assess potential for convergence, this study compares perspectives of academicians and practitioners regarding convergence to a set of global accounting standards. The majority of respondents believe that effective convergence to a set of globally accepted accounting standards would be beneficial to preparers, users, auditors, analysts, and standard setters. Convergence in accounting standards can require extensive and possibly costly changes to the standard-setting infrastructure and enforcement process in the US and other countries, and will also require proper training for management, auditors, and investors.     

会计国际趋同及国外相关组织近期动态

国际会计准则理事会发布征求意见稿,拟修改《国际财务报告准则第1号———财务报表列报》3月16日,国际会计准则理事会发布了征求意见稿,就修订《国际财务报告准则第1号———财务报表列报》(IAS 1)公开征求意见,征求意见截止期为7月17日。该征求意见稿源自于国际会计准则理事会     

会计国际趋同及国外相关组织近期动态

<正>国际会计准则理事会7月会议议题国际会计准则理事会(IASB)于7月18日至21日在伦敦举行了理事会7月会议,讨论了以下议题：企业合并项目第二阶段、保险合同、中小主体会计准则、概念框架、收入确认、合并财务报表(包括特殊目的主体)、《国际会计准则第24号——关联方披露》。     

IFRS Practices and the Persistence of Accounting System Classification

The earliest paper on international classification of accounting systems is one hundred years old. For about fifteen years from the late 1960s, many papers on the subject were published. One feature of several of the classifications was the dichotomous split of countries into Anglo and continental European. This has been extensively debated. This paper prepares a classification based on the accounting policy choices made by the largest listed companies of eight countries in 2008/9. All the companies were using the same reporting rules, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This classification by IFRS practices shows the same two groups as a classification of national practices drawn up in 1980, despite 30 years of harmonization. None of the classifications above or the more recent ones was based on the actual accounting practices of companies in annual reports. This has several disadvantages, as the paper investigates. This paper's classification is the first to be based on accounting practices, as well as being the first in the IFRS era. The paper also investigates the implications of the persistent differences in practices for assessing the success of the IASB's whole project on improving comparability of financial statements.     

The Impact of IFRS Adoption on Foreign Direct Investments: Insights for Emerging Countries

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption research supports the arguments of an increase in the credibility of corporate financial information. We investigate the association between IFRS adoption and foreign direct investments (FDI) inflows. The aim is to analyse several characteristics of the adoption process specific to European emerging countries. Our results indicate that the countries adopting IFRS are more likely to benefit from a higher increase in FDI inflows than the non-adopters. Additional tests reveal that the impact is driven by the adoption level related both to listed and unlisted companies. IFRS adoption by unlisted companies has a lower impact on FDI inflows, as compared to IFRS adoption by listed companies. Furthermore, difference-in-difference analysis illustrates a higher increase of FDI inflows after adopting IFRS in the case of non-European Union (EU) countries as compared to EU countries.