注册会计师对第三人民事责任性质之探讨

注册会计师对第三人民事责任,是指注册会计师因出具不实审计报告致第三人受到损失,对第三人应承担的民事责任。关于注册会计师对第三人民事责任之性质,是注册会计师对第三人民事责任中一个非常重要的问题,它将直接决定第三人的范围、过错归责原则、因果关系认定等,因此研究注册会计师对第三人民事责任的性质,具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

关于使用者对审计报告的理解与评价的问卷调查

审计报告是注册会计师与使用者进行沟通的桥梁。在我国正对现行注册会计师会计报表审计报告进行修订的背景下 ,我们就使用者对拟修订后的审计报告的理解与评价等方面的问题进行了问卷调查。在对问卷进行整理与分析的基础上 ,我们提出了审计报告修订和注册会计师其他执业报告准则的制定或修订的建议。     

注册会计师民事责任探讨

本文所称注册会计师民事责任，是指注册会计师特有的、在自身有过错或无过错的情况下出具了虚假报告而给委托人和其他利害关系人造成损害，而应由其所在会计师事务所承担的民事赔偿责任，属于侵权的民事责任，不包括违约、违反保密义务等非注册会计师行业特有的行为所应承担的民事责任。 注册会计师民事责任的归责原则综观相关法律规定，侵权民事责任的归责原则可分为三种：过错责任、无过错责任、公平责任。1.过错责任原则。过错责任原则是指行为人仅在有过错的情况下才承担民事责任，没有过错，就不承担民事责任。《中华人民共和国民…     

对注册会计师法律责任的几点认识

一、注册会计师法律责任的界定从涉及注册会计师和会计师事务所法律责任的法律条文看,会计师法律责任一般可分为行政责任、民事责任和刑事责任,与之相应的处罚有行政处罚、民事处罚和刑事处罚。针对会计师的法律指控一般来自委托方和第三者。委托方基于双方的委托合同可以审计人员未能发现委托方单位员工的舞弊行为而带来的经济损失提起诉讼,而第三者可因利用注册会计师提供的审计报告进行决策而发生的经济损失指控注册会计师审计失败。当前尤为突出的是来自第三方的指控。我国《注册会计师法》第21条明确规定了注册会     

注册会计师审计报告虚假陈述民事责任的免责研究

注册会计师审计报告虚假陈述民事责任的免责,是注册会计师民事责任的核心问题之一.本文以《1.9规定》、《6.11规定》等司法解释及相关的法律法规为依据,充分利用《1.9规定》、《6.11规定》中的免责及共同侵权事由,对会计师事务所及注册会计师在虚假陈述民事案件中应负的责任作出舍乎法理的解释和界定,把民事赔偿限定在合理的范围内,有利于维护会计师事务所及注册会计师的正当合法权益.     

注册会计师民事责任归责原则探析

注册会计师的民事责任包括违约的民事责任和侵权的民事责任。注册会计师的违约责任和侵权责任以过错责任为归责原则。对于注册会计师对第三人的民事责任如何认屯法律界和审计界一直存在争议净议的焦点之一就在于注册会计师民事责任的归责原则问题。本文通过对比两界观点最终得出过错推定归责原则的结论,     

我国注册会计师行业发展主要问题及成因研究——基于审计报告提供者和需求者的问卷调查分析

本文采用问卷调查研究方法,对审计报告提供者的会计师事务所和审计报告的主要需求者被审计单位、机构投资者与个人投资者进行了问卷调研,研究发现,约七成调查对象认为我国审计质量在不断提高,但审计报告提供者和需求者之间对现有审计质量的认知存在较大差异。我国注册会计师行业发展也面临相应的问题,具体表现为审计质量与社会公众的审计期望差距较大、注册会计师同业和供需之间市场竞争环境存在矛盾、注册会计师行业数字化建设落后以及注册会计师行业人才供给不足。     

会计师事务所虚假陈述行政法律责任研究

会计师事务所被誉为证券市场的“经济警察”,其对被审单位审计报告关系到投资者的切身利益。会计师事务所在证券市场的虚假陈述行为不仅破坏了金融市场秩序同时还会引起投资者合法权益的损害,因此《证券法》规定了会计师事务所及注册会计师虚假陈述时因承担的民事责任和行政责任。然而,在现行法?律框架之下行政责任的认定往往是民事责任的前提,就我国目前实践而言,行政责任的认定存在诸多不足,注册会计师基于其专业性及公众的合理信赖而对审计业务负有合理的注意义务,法律要求注册会计师在从事审计义务时要勤勉尽责,故细化勤勉尽责义务、完善行政责任构成要件是研究会计师事务所虚假陈述法律责任的重点。     

中美注册会计师民事责任比较研究

<正>一、前言相关概念的定义:探讨中美注册会计师责任比较,首先应该厘定注册会计师法律责任概念。我国法律针对注册会计师因过失、违约,应承担的给被审计单位或其他有利害关系人造成损失的责任,进行了包括民事责任、行政责任或刑事责任三种情况的明确规定。法条中对过失或违约的情形也有明确的表述:(1)未能履行合同条款;(2)合格报告出于故意未按专业标准出具,致使审计报告使用者遭受损失;(3)未能保持应有的职业谨慎。     

2016年第一季度金融会计动态

(2016年1月1日-2016年3月31日)一、国内动态(一)我国发布《中国注册会计师审计准则第1504号——在审计报告中沟通关键审计事项》等7项征求意见稿1月8日,中国注册会计师协会发布《中国注册会计师审计准则第1504号——在审计报告中沟通关键审计事项》等7项征求意见稿,均与审计报告1有关,旨在提高审计报告信息含量、增强审计工作透明度,并强化注册会计师在审计工作中的相关责     

An experimental study of users’ responses to qualified audit reports in China

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on users’ responses to the qualification of audit reports in China. By employing the type of audit report (e.g., unqualified vs. qualified auditor opinion) as a manipulated variable in the experiment, we found mixed responses from the participants towards the perceived impact of a qualified audit report on users’ understanding and use of the financial statements. In general, Chinese users, credit and loan officers in particular, perceived a qualified auditor opinion as having a somewhat negative impact on the credibility of financial statements. However, no significant difference was found in users’ investment or credit decisions with respect to their exposure to the financial statements accompanied by an unqualified or a qualified auditor opinion. The study findings suggest that the U.S.-style qualified audit reports have fairly limited “information content” to users in the present Chinese auditing environment and that there is a need to further improve Chinese auditing standards and practices. In addition, the study provides some insights into recent auditing developments in China.     

审计独立性的影响要素及措施分析

在资本市场迅猛发展的今天,审计独立性问题引起越来越多人的关注.审计的独立不仅会影响注册会计师的职业判断及审计质量,还会增加投资者对审计报告的期望度.而审计失败则将会损害审计的内在价值及执行审计任务的会计师事务所的声誉,甚至资本市场的稳定.本文主要从资本市场及公司治理结构分析审计独立性的影响要素,并结合西方国家先进的观点及普遍做法,提出几点提高审计独立性的改进意见     

多客户审计、审计公司组织形式与审计失败

本文通过建立审计质量的二次函数模型,分析了不同组织形式的审计公司在同时审计多个客户时,其审计报告的外部性对审计失败的影响。研究结果表明:1)在有限合伙制和赔偿机制完善的前提下,随着客户数量的增多,审计公司的审计质量上升,发生审计失败的概率下降;2)赔偿额越高,审计公司的审计质量也越高,其审计失败的概率降低;3)有限合伙制是一种较好的组织形式;4)审计师的诚信度越高,审计公司审计失败的概率越低;5)审计市场集中度越高,整个审计市场的失败概率越低。由此,本文认为建立有限合伙制、实施赔偿机制、提高审计师的诚信度和审计市场的集中度是提高审计质量和降低审计失败的有效途径。     

From joint to single audits – audit quality differences and auditor pairings

This study analyses audit quality differences between audits by a single big audit firm and joint audits with either one or two big audit firms. We exploit the unique situation in Denmark beginning on 1 January 2005, at which time a long-standing mandatory joint audit system for listed companies was replaced by a voluntary joint audit system. First, we report the results of a survey of Danish CFOs’ views on and their experiences with the choice of single or joint audits and their perceptions of audit quality. Second, based on data from the mandatory joint audit abolition year and the following two years, we test the audit quality differences using abnormal accruals. Most CFOs perceive that audit quality by a single big four audit firm is the same as it is in joint audits with either one or two big four audit firms. The results of our empirical analysis are in line with the perceptions. We find no evidence of audit quality differences between audits made by a single big four firm and those conducted by either of the two combinations of joint audits.     

The vanishing searches and audit fees: Evidence from Google's withdrawal from China

I investigate the impact of the disruption of free information access via search engines on audit fees using a quasi-natural experiment provided by Google's withdrawal from China. Employing a difference-in-differences design, I document an increase in audit fees for firms with overseas business relative to firms without overseas business after Google's withdrawal. The results are robust to matched samples, placebo tests, alternative specifications, excluding alternative explanations and different event windows. This trend in audit fees suggests that Google's withdrawal hampers firms' foreign information streams and increases audit risk and audit effort. Consistent with this argument, after Google's withdrawal, firms with overseas business conduct more earnings management, pay more abnormal audit fees and experience longer audit report lags. Furthermore, the increase in audit fees is greater for firms with poor information environments, more retail investors or non-Big 4 auditors. My findings suggest a potential auditing cost of restricting the free flow of public foreign information about firms.     

美国联邦政府财务报告编制与审计研究

上世纪90年代开始的美国联邦政府财务报告编制与审计改革是联邦政府加强财务管理的一项重要内容。经过多次改革,形成了以权责发生制为主要会计计量基础的联邦政府财务报告体系,和以审计署的外部审计与监察长办公室的内部审计相结合的联邦政府财务报告审计模式。当前这种财务报告体系与审计模式仍处于发展与完善过程中,需不断改进财务信息质量和强化审计的作用。     

Audit Partner Tenure and Independence in a Low Litigation Risk Setting

We investigate whether long audit partner tenures impair auditor independence, as proxied by the opinion of the audit report, with a sample of Spanish companies for the period: 2002–2010. The Spanish audit market constitutes an ideal setting in which to address this issue, as it is characterized by unusually lengthy engagements with the audit firm. The motivation relies, on the one hand, on the current discussion about the necessity to reinforce the independence of auditors and, on the other hand, on the very limited available research at the partner level. The main result is the lack of significant effects of partner tenure on independence. This finding is robust to various checks. Unlike prior research, we also address the joint effects of firm and partner tenure on independence. Results indicate that partner tenure does not compromise independence, even under long or extremely long audit firm tenures. These findings might have some interesting policy implications, in particular for the intense current debate on auditor rotation regimes which is taking place within the European Union.     

关于农村审计性质的探讨

农村审计对于发展农村经济、巩固税费改革成果、减轻农民负担、加强社会主义新农村建设是十分必要的。但对于农村审计性质至今尚未形成统一的认识。农村审计不同于内部审计、政府审计和社会审计,农村审计应属于外部审计。     

The effects of disclosing critical audit matters and auditor tenure on nonprofessional investors’ judgments

In an effort to provide more meaningful information to financial statement users, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) recently adopted sweeping changes to the audit report, requiring the audit firm to disclose whether or not it identified a critical audit matter (CAM) and its tenure with the client. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to explore how nonprofessional investors’ judgments are influenced by (1) the relative effects of a CAM disclosure versus a disclosure that the auditor did not identify a CAM, and (2) the disclosure of the audit firm’s tenure. We find that, relative to disclosing that no CAMs were identified, disclosing a CAM reduces investment intentions. We do not find a significant effect of tenure disclosure on investment intentions, despite evidence that participants attended to and understood the tenure manipulation. Concerning investors’ cognitive processes, we find that perceptions of both risk of material misstatement and management disclosure credibility mediate the effect of CAM disclosure on investment intentions, while perceived audit quality suppresses this effect. Our contributions include furthering the understanding of cognitive mechanisms through which CAM disclosure influences investment intentions, identifying a relatively unique setting in which perceptions of management disclosure credibility and audit quality move in opposite directions, and providing evidence that auditor tenure disclosure does not appear to affect investment intentions. Our findings should be of interest to regulators, auditors, issuers, and investors.     

经济责任同步审计评价问题探析

经济责任审计评价是审计人员确认被审计对象经济行为价值的业务活动,是界定经济责任的基础。审计评价作为审计报告的重要板块和核心内容,不仅承载着审计监督客观公正的基本原则和社会责任,而且体现着经济责任审计明确的目的性。经过多年探索实践,经济责任审计评价架构逐步清晰、内容渐趋合理、稳妥性明显增进,但仍有部分项目目标体现不明确、公正性和客观性表现不足、谨慎性不够充分、文书运用混乱,严重影响着审计的质量。本文试图就经济责任监督价值观、审计评价范围、评价体系、评价方法等方面存在的问题进行成因剖析、理论阐述和业务探讨,认为需要进一步优化审计环境,强化理论研究,细化能力培训,尽快改善和提升经济责任审计整体质量。