大股东交易与盈余管理关系研究——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

股权分置改革后，我国证券市场出现大量大股东在二级市场上买卖自家公司股票的现象。本文选取2007年～2010年我国沪深两市A股上市公司数据，检验大股东买卖股票交易与盈余管理的关系以及这种关系在国有上市公司和民营上市公司中表现出的差异。实证结果表明，大股东卖出股票与向上的盈余管理相关，大股东买入股票与向下的盈余管理相关，且交易数额越大，盈余管理水平越高；而大股东卖出股票与向上的盈余管理的相关性在民营上市公司中体现得更为显著。本文研究结论证实，大股东股票交易可视为盈余管理及其方向的信号，并已成为全流通时代大股东损害小股东利益的新途径。     

外部投资者情绪会驱动内部人交易吗？--来自中国A股市场的经验证据

本文基于Probit和Tobit模型检验了投资者情绪是否是内部人交易的信息来源。结果显示：投资者情绪越高,内部人卖出倾向增加、卖出强度增大,内部人买入倾向降低、买入强度减小。投资者情绪对内部人卖出的影响大于其对内部人买入的影响效应。在控制投资者情绪后,公司未公开的季度业绩变化信息并未对内部人的卖出交易产生显著的影响,这一现象符合“前景理论”的“确定效应”。     

我国A股上市公司的“内部人控制”问题及其治理

我国上市公司存在内部人控制现象,对我国上市公司经营管理产生不良影响。究其原因是由于企业所有权和经营权的逐渐分离和委托—代理关系的信息不对称引起的。内部人控制极大地危害了我国证券市场的良性发展,为此必须完善上市公司内部组织结构,合理制定企业运营的内部控制等治理措施。     

我国上市公司股权融资偏好的成因和对策

我国上市公司表现出强烈的股权融资偏好,这是由于政策环境、市场环境和市场上严重的投机倾向这些外部因素,以及上市公司股权融资的较低成本、股权结构的缺陷和内部人控制问题等这样的内部因素导致的。股权融资偏好会带来降低募股资金使用效率和拖累上市公司经营业绩等问题。我们可以通过调整上市公司股权结构,建立内部激励制度,完善资本市场规则等制度安排,以淡化上市公司股权融资偏好。     

问询函监管对企业内部控制质量的影响研究

本文利用2014-2020年中国沪深A股上市公司年报问询函数据，运用双固定效应模型分析问询函对企业内部控制质量的影响作用，发现问询函监管能明显改善企业的内部控制质量，该结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性检验发现，年报问询函在两职分离的公司中提升内部控制质量的效果更加显著；相较于非国有企业，国有的上市公司中问询函监管能更显著提升内部控制质量。因此，应该大力推行并不断完善建设问询函监管制度，尤其是加强问询函监管在非国有企业和两职合一企业中的作用，促进我国市场环境监督机制的完善。     

我国上市公司内部控制信息披露问题研究

内部控制信息能够反映上市公司内部控制架构,对管理质量的保证和促进资本市场的发展起到积极作用。本文剖析了我国上市公司内部控制信息披露现状,指出了我国上市公司内部控制信息披露存在的问题,旨在为提高上市公司内部控制信息披露质量、建立健全上市公司和监管机构信息披露机制提供参考,从而阐扬内部控制信息在证券市场上的积极作用。     

内部控制审计报告对上市公司的影响小议

为加大内部控制制度建设,根据证监会要求,国有上市公司和规模较大的上市公司的2012年度报告需出具内部控制审计报告.本文拟研究出具内控审计报告这一要求对上市公司的影响.通过控制变量法控制是否出具内部控制审计报告这一变量,选取50家2012年出具内控报告的上市公司,运用logistic模型检验该公司2012年与2011年度的经营业绩是否存在显著差异,并运用事件分析法检验出具内控审计报告事件对该上市公司的市场反应是否存在显著差异. 通过对实证检验结果的分析来说明出具内部控制审计报告对上市公司的影响效果并给出评价.     

上市公司内部控制信息披露问题研究

对内部控制信息进行披露是资本市场发展到一定阶段的产物，随着上市公司利益相关者对内控信息的需求越来越大，其披露现状也引起了越来越多人的关注。文章从内部控制信息披露产生的原因出发，结合现阶段我国内部控制信息披露的现状，总结了我国上市公司在内部控制信息披露中存在的四个主要问题，并提出了提升上市公司内部控制信息披露质量的建议。     

基于熵权TOPSIS算法的上市公司内部控制质量测度

近年来,中国资本市场上违规失信事件频发,上市公司内部控制质量问题成为人们关注的焦点。文章以内部控制实现的五大目标为出发点,构建了二级层次的内部控制质量评价指标体系,结合信息论和决策科学的熵权TOPSIS算法,对2012年沪深A股主板上市公司的内部控制质量进行了测度。实证结果表明,在上市公司内部控制质量方面,上交所的整体水平略高于深交所,且垄断性行业的整体水平较低。     

企业集团审计管控力提升路径探析

在我国,由于市场机制尚未完善,资本市场发育欠佳,股权结构不合理,上市公司制度有待健全,采用有效措施,加强审计管控力可以完善公司治理结构,遏制内部人控制现象,提高财务信息质量与审计工作质量。     

Ownership Structure and Insider Trading: Evidence from China

In this paper, we examine the information content of insider transactions in China and analyze how ownership structures shape market reaction to these transactions. We find that the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) to insider purchases is a convex function of the percentage of shares owned by the largest shareholder. Further, the CAR to insider purchases is lower when the largest shareholder is government-related, or when the control rights of the largest shareholder exceed its cash flow rights. We also find that the market reaction to insider purchases is more positive for firms audited by Big4 auditors. However, we do not find a significant relationship between an ownership structure and the market reaction to insider sales. Our results are remarkably robust to alternative model specifications, corporate insider identities, and recent corporate news releases on price-sensitive events. Finally, we show that market reaction to insider purchases is larger for firms with less severe expropriations, as captured by the use of other receivables.     

Corporate governance and insider trading regulation efficiency

This paper aims to measure insider trading probability and the corresponding regulation efficiency in China. Based on an identification of influencing factors of corporate governance, the author explores the relationship among insider trading, corporate governance, and corporate value. The author also uses, based on high-frequency financial data, the probability of insider trading to measure the degree of insider trading in China’s security market. Results reveal that China’s security market has failed to punish and prohibit illegal insider trading effectively. However, the security market does exert certain constraints on insider-trading-ridden listed companies. The conclusion of this article is that by improving corporate governance, we can enhance the efficiency of insider trading regulation. Practical implications are also discussed.     

Insider trading laws and price informativeness in emerging stock markets: The South African case

We test the view that insider trading deters informativeness and, thereby, provide empirical evidence on the ramifications of insider trading legislation, particularly in an emerging market, that has hitherto received no research attention. Using the difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find that “effective insider trading law” improves stock price informativeness, a reflection of market efficiency, and that this efficiency is robust to both economic factors that affect market efficiency and the choice of control. Importantly, our results support the hypothesis that prohibition of insider trading elicits efficiency enhancement, particularly in emerging markets which are often characterized by weaker requisite institutional infrastructure than developed markets.     

Variation in Corporate Governance and Firm Valuation – an International Study

In this paper, we investigate the types of firms that are likely to deviate from common practice in corporate governance of their home countries and examine how the deviation is correlated with firm value. Our results show that firms with higher institutional holdings, lower insider holdings, and higher sales growth are more likely to deviate from common practice in civil law countries, whereas, in common law countries, especially in the USA, firms with lower institutional holdings, higher insider holdings, and lower sales growth are likely to deviate from common practice. We document a strong positive correlation between governance deviation and firm value in civil law countries. This relationship is robust to different testing and sample selection methods. The results, however, are mixed for US firms and not significant in other common law countries. Using the deviation from common practice as a proxy of firm‐level impact on corporate governance, our results provide evidence that firm‐level effect matters in governance quality and the effect varies across countries.     

Gibrat's law in marketing: The case of liquor brand sales

We test the applicability of Gibrat's Law in the liquor brand market. Basically, we model annual changes in the unit sales of the top fifty liquor brands as white noise. Our results reject this model, but we do find that changes in sales are independent of starting market sales. This leads to the interpretation that brands with above average market share do not tend to gain market share, i.e., initial market share does not affect the subsequent change in market share. Furthermore, brands with above average sales do not have more stable sales than do firms with below average sales. Changes in sales appear highly positively correlated between periods, i.e., brands that gain sales in one period tend to gain sales in the next. Finally, no major liquor type or manufacturer had consistently and significantly greater or lower success across our various annual time periods.     

News media and insider trading profitability: An emerging country perspective

We test news media's disciplining by dissemination role and predictive power in insider trading related issues with a large and novel dataset on Chinese firms between 2008 and 2017. We find that more media coverage is associated with significantly lower level of insider trading profitability, which confirms the disciplining by dissemination role of media documented in the developed market. However, as a new evidence to the media and insider trading literature, we also find that media's negative tone has a positive correlation with future insider trading profitability, which is consistent with the media predictive power argument. In addition, we find that media's predictive power is amplified by a firm's good governance structure and low level of information asymmetry. Our study shows news media's effectiveness in predicting opportunistic insider trading in China.     

Strategy and Structure in Innovative Manufacturing SMEs: The Case of an English Region

Based within the West Midlands region of England, the current paper considers the relative characteristic of product innovators and non-innovators along seven dimensions of strategy. Data was collected, by means of a remotely administered survey, as part of the development of a Regional Innovation Strategy and innovators were defined using a "rate of innovation" measure. Amongst the principal findings, innovators are found to: spend a significantly greater proportion of turnover on research and development; tend [marginally] towards greater internal control and reactivity; be more willing to assume long-term debt, but less likely to successfully access it; be more likely to have links with universities and support organisations and to depend upon a small number of customers for a significant component of total sales revenue. In addition, the pre-eminence of vertical value-chain linkages over horizontal or third party linkages is a further striking feature of the firms' articulation with their external environments.     

业绩承诺：保护措施还是套利工具？——来自高管减持的经验证据

近年来,并购重组过程中业绩承诺未达标现象频发,引起了理论界和实务界的普遍关注。文章以2008-2017年A股上市公司并购事件为样本,探究了业绩承诺与高管减持间的关系。研究发现：相比于未签订业绩承诺协议的上市公司,签订业绩承诺协议的上市公司高管在并购当年更容易发生减持,且减持后上市公司长期市场表现更差,验证了业绩承诺的套利属性;进一步研究发现,这种套利程度在非国有企业更明显,而高质量的内部控制、更多的分析师关注和并购问询可以有效的抑制上市公司高管通过签订业绩承诺抬高股价从而减持套利的程度。文章不仅为理解业绩承诺协议的套利动机提供了理论与经验证据,也对完善业绩承诺协议相关制度、预防潜在内幕交易、保护中小投资者权益以及维护资本市场的有效秩序提供了借鉴与参考。     

Two-stage models for the analysis of information content of equity-selling mechanisms choices

Extant research offers mixed empirical results on if private placement firms are undervalued. [Hertzel, Michael G., and Smith, L. (1993), “Market Discounts and Shareholder Gains for Placing Equity Privately,” J Finance 48, 459-485] suggest that private placements convey favorable information. On the other hand, [Hertzel, Michael G., Lemmon, M., Linck, J., and Rees, L. (2002), “Long-Run Performance following Private Placements of Equity,” J Finance 57, 2595-2617] show that, similar to public offering firms, private placement firms experience significant negative long-run post-announcement stock price performance. This paper develops the two-stage estimation models to explore the information content of equity-selling mechanism. This paper uses estimated residuals from insider trading regressions (proxy for abnormal insider trades) to measure private information. The result shows that the probability of making private placements increases with abnormal insider purchases and decreases with abnormal insider sales. This suggests that, relative to the public offering firms, private placement firms are undervalued.     

我国上市公司资产出售的公告效应研究

文章以1999-2004年间185家企业226次资产出售事件为样本,检验了我国上市公司资产出售的公告效应,并对2008-2009年间我国上市公司的资产出售进行了稳健性检验.研究发现,我国企业的资产出售具有明显的年中和年末效应；企业股价对资产出售的反应显著为正,尤其是在(-2,0)区间内,资产出售的公告效应得到集中释放.对资产出售公告效应影响因素的检验表明,我国上市公司的资产出售更加符合有效配置假说,融资假说不能解释这种行为.