Proposing new variables for the identification of strategic groups in franchising

The identification of strategic groups in the Spanish franchising area is the main aim of this study. The authors have added some new strategic variables (not used before) to the study and have classified franchisors between sectors and distribution strategy. The results reveal the existence of four perfectly differentiated strategic groups (types of franchisors). One of the major implications of this study is that the variables that build a strategic group vary depending on the respective sector the network operates in and its distribution strategy. This fact indicates that including sector and distribution strategy is absolutely necessary to achieve good classifications of franchisor types.     

公司战略联盟利益分配机制模糊评价研究

公司战略联盟是一种重要的组织创新形式,公司战略联盟因利益而起,联盟的利益分配机制是公司战略联盟有效运营的关键所在。采用模糊数学的方法构建了联盟利益分配机制评价的指标体系,说明了利益分配机制评价的步骤,并指出了评价时应注意的问题。     

FROM EXOGENOUS TO ENDOGENOUS ECONOMIC NETWORKS: INTERNET APPLICATIONS

Abstract.  Economic agents' behaviour is affected by their position in a network, either exogenous or endogenous, in which they interact with a sub-set of neighbours only. The network's links, which may be generated by vertical and/or horizontal relations, or by more complex morphologies, may explain the transition between dynamic equilibria and the instability of economic aggregates. Moreover, networks shape strategic interaction among agents by determining their strategies; the problem of access and interconnection, particularly relevant in the Internet, is perhaps the best example. A two-way feedback between strategies and network structures arises instead when links are endogenous: those features are clearly shown in the mechanism underlying the formation of peering links and R & D networks.     

支撑战略转型的财务管理体系——以电信业为例

作为一种企业的战略,转型成功与否关键在于执行。财务管理是战略管理的执行层,支撑战略转型的财务管理体系必须上承企业宏观的战略规划目标,下达企业具体的作业实施。为此,以电信业的转型为例,指出财务管理体系首先要借助战略地图从企业愿景或战略目标出发,并以此为核心提出整合企业资源的财务目标,形成财务管理的行动方案;以作业成本管理为工具,正确反映不同成本核算对象对提升企业价值的贡献;最后通过平衡计分卡进行绩效衡量,找出能创造未来财务成果的关键性"绩效驱动因素",创建出相对于财务成果而言的所谓"领先引导指标",使财务管理跨越绩效衡量层次,直接进入了战略衡量层次。     

美军弹药配送及启示

弹药是一种特殊的商品,弹药配送在现代战争中显示出越来越重要的作用。文中分析了美军弹药配送保障的特点,介绍了美军战略弹药配送和战区弹药配送的机构、模式和流程,在此基础上提出了对我军弹药配送和保障的几点启示。     

STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WITHIN A RESOURCE-CAPABILITY VIEW OF THE FIRM*

This paper takes a critical look at the field of strategic human resource management and in particular the debate about the strategic value of the human resource. We identify the contribution as well as the problematic nature of the situational-contingency perspective. Drawing from the strategic management literature and the concept of resource heterogeneity, we then posit a resource-capability view of the firm and argue that the mutually reinforcing interaction between the stock of knowledge, skills and expertise (resources) and the organizational routines and human resource policies and practices (capabilities) generates human resource competencies whose strategic value is realizable to the extent that they are linked with core competencies. We thus offer a reconceptualization of human resource competencies which goes beyond existing trait, behavioural and systems approaches. Finally, we identify the circumstances surrounding the generation and distribution of rents arising from the utilization of human resource competencies by drawing from transaction cost theory and industrial relations.     

Strategic HRM and organisational learning in the Chinese private sector during second-pioneering

This study examines the relationship between strategic human resource management (HRM) and organisational learning in Chinese private firms during the second-pioneering stage, which involves a process of transition from ‘opportunism’ to ‘capability building’. It specifically examines how this relationship is influenced by environmental uncertainty and guanxi dependence. Using data from a face-to-face survey of 107 Chinese private firms, the findings show that strategic HRM has a positive effect on all four dimensions of organisational learning: knowledge acquisition, knowledge distribution, knowledge interpretation and organisational memory. In addition, task environmental uncertainty positively moderates the relationship between strategic HRM and organisational learning. However, the moderating effects of institutional environmental uncertainty and guanxi dependence on this relationship are not significant. These results highlight the importance of strategic HRM for organisational learning in uncertain task environments to promote organisational transition.     

浅析供应链企业间的合作

阐述了供应链上的企业在权衡合作博弈关系后选择建立战略伙伴关系,并指出了战略伙伴关系对于供应链运作的重要作用:论述了供应链企业间的利益分配问题是稳定供应链的基石。     

Strategic behavior in non-atomic games

In order to remedy the possible loss of strategic interaction in non-atomic games with a societal choice, this study proposes a refinement of Nash equilibrium, strategic equilibrium. Given a non-atomic game, its perturbed game is one in which every player believes that he alone has a small, but positive, impact on the societal choice; and a distribution is a strategic equilibrium if it is a limit point of a sequence of Nash equilibrium distributions of games in which each player’s belief about his impact on the societal choice goes to zero. After proving the existence of strategic equilibria, we show that all of them must be Nash. We also show that all regular equilibria of smooth non-atomic games are strategic. Moreover, it is displayed that in many economic applications, the set of strategic equilibria coincides with that of Nash equilibria of large finite games.     

The Transition from Strategic Technology Alliances to Mergers and Acquisitions: An Exploratory Study

This paper studies a number of research topics derived from the basic question: do interfirm alliances change into mergers and acquisitions as companies that were previously co-operating become integrated? The analysis is limited to the group of strategic technology alliances, i.e. those interfirm agreements for which joint technology development or technology sharing is part of the agreement. The paper first explores the literature that refers to the possible transition from strategic technology alliances to mergers and acquisitions. Based on this we formulate a number of hypotheses regarding the change in modes of governance and several dimensions of this process related to the international distribution of transformed alliances, their industry specificity, the size of firms, and the distribution of contractual and equity agreements. The major finding of our research is that the transformation from strategic technology alliance to merger and acquisition hardly ever takes place. This suggests that alliances and mergers and acquisitions are not part of a rather smooth continuum but they are first of all different modes of governance where one mode certainly does not lead to the other     

战时配送体系对抗分析

战时配送体系对抗是策略性对抗、非对称对抗、全过程对抗,文中从配送体系对抗的基本内涵入手,分析了对抗的过程,总结出对抗的特点,对今后研究战时配送体系具有一定的指导作用。     

多属性道路网络下成品燃油战时配送的路径分层优化模型

战时配送的VRP是当前物流系统优化研究较少涉及的问题,文中结合战时极其重要的物资--成品燃油,提出了多属性道路网络下成品燃油战时配送的VRP;综合考虑战时军事物流配送VRP的多个评价目标,基于重要性的多目标分层优化思想,分析建立了问题的完全分层优化模型,从现实的角度对战时配送VRP做了探讨。     

社会资本对企业战略网络稳定性影响机理分析

企业社会资本能增进战略网络节点间的合作效率,提供获取各种经济资源的重要途径,有利于网络资源利用和提高配置效率。本文从社会网络视角分析社会资本对战略网络的影响,构建社会资本对战略网络稳定性作用机理的结构模型。通过模型分析认为,网络收益的有效性和利益分配的公平程度对企业战略网络稳定性有重要影响。     

Production Chains and Linkage Indicators

This paper uses a framework of production chains, which emerge from the vertical integration processes, in order to propose a general definition of linkage indicators. This definition is based on blocks of sectors and offers, among others, the following advantages. A reduction in the aggregation requirement, the resolution of the problems associated with the so-called distribution matrices, an easier analysis of the linkage components and, finally, the possibility to shed light on the links between Hypothetical Extraction Methods and sectoral analyses. Moreover, because of its general form, it helps to identify analogies between different types of indicators.     

我国连锁零售企业物流配送模式探究

连锁零售业的发展与物流配送紧密相连,配送水平成为衡量一个连锁企业管理现代化水平的关键标准。配送模式的选择直接关系到连锁零售企业的配送水平,选用何种配送模式对连锁零售企业来说是一个重要的问题,也是一个战略上的问题。文章总结并分析了我国连锁零售企业配送现状,指出了不足之处,最后详细介绍了可供我国连锁零售企业选择的5种配送模式。     

The impact of evolutionary and developmental metaphors on Purchasing and Supply Management: A critique

A widespread consensus has emerged in the Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM hereafter) field arguing that purchasing and supply activities may be allocated to the categories of ‘strategic’ and ‘non-strategic’. Whereas strategic activities are associated with higher inter-organisational status, non-strategic activities are regarded as generating low levels of status. Consequently, purchasing functions can obtain more intra-organisational status by focussing their efforts on strategic activities, and they should thus be encouraged to undergo this change, which may usefully be described as following an evolutionary or developmental path from a clerical to a strategic focus. The paper seeks to demonstrate the strength of the consensus surrounding these ideas by conducting a wide-ranging literature survey, challenges the validity of that consensus and empirically tests its influence on practitioner attitudes and behaviours. Abundant evidence is found to support the proposition that a consensus has emerged. The validity of this consensus is challenged in a variety of ways, particularly with reference to the distribution of large and small companies in the economy. The pilot study confirms that practitioners have absorbed the consensus view promulgated by academia. The undesirable effects of the bias against certain types of activity on functional and overall organisational effectiveness are considered, and recommendations are made for both practitioners and academics working in the subject area.     

A model of vertical integration and investment in generation capacity in electricity markets: The case of the bidding game

The aim of this work is to assess the impact of (partial) vertical integration between generators and retailers on generation capacity choice and its subsequent welfare consequences. We present a framework in which final demand is perfectly inelastic and stochastic. Nevertheless, wholesale demand is elastic because of the existence of outside opportunities (mainly international transmission capacity). The model is a three-stage game. Neither transmission nor retail costs are taken into account.

In the first stage of the game, generators choose capacity only knowing distribution of demand and thus maximizing their expected profit. The second stage of the game represents the competition for market share between retailers in a market where consumers have switching costs. The former face unknown demand and maximize their utility based on two factors: the expected profit and a risk element. Finally, generators submit bid functions to the system operator given known demand and maximizing their profit during the last stage of the game. Retailers and generators interact in the wholesale market, which is cleared by the system operator whose function is to match supply (represented by the bids of the generators) and demand through a system of single price auctions. The wholesale market is the only means to buy and sell energy; there are no bilateral contracts between firms, except if they are vertically integrated.

We compare fully disintegrated and partially vertically integrated structures using a comparative statics approach. In this paper, the analysis will focus on the last stage of the game: the bidding game. We find that partial vertical integration between generators and retailers tends to lower wholesale prices but not unambiguously. Depending on which firm (vertically integrated or disintegrated generator) has installed the higher capacity and depending on level of demand, prices can stay unchanged or even rise.     

基于商品性质的多级分销模式选择及网络库存定位模型的研究

本文以典型的多级分销网络为研究对象,从商品的需求量、需求波动及商品价值等特性对分销网络的服务能力和成本水平的影响出发,对如何根据不同商品特性选择科学的分销模式及如何在多级网络中进行合理的库存定位问题进行了研究,并基于此提出了一个可行的定性分析模型,借助此模型,可帮助企业在设计分销网络和现有网络的优化过程中,根据所经营商品的不同特性进行合理的网络设计和运营,大大提高网络运营效率。     

多渠道环境下产品分销及协调策略

文中构建了由一个制造商与一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链模型,提出了三种不同条件下的决策模型。研究了双渠道环境下产品分销及协调结构中的利益分享。研究发现品牌差异化并不是协调渠道冲突的主导分销策略。制造商采用协调结构并进行利益分享可以最大化整个供应链的利益,同时对于每个渠道成员都是双赢的。     

辽宁城市发展模式探索——基于TOD模式

本文借鉴东京都等国际发达地区的发展经验,提出辽宁省城市的未来发展战略建议:以打造都市圈经济为核心,重点实施交通引导城市开发(TOD)战略。以建设辽宁省城际轨道交通系统为切入点,依据交通设施布局,重新制定辽宁省城镇空间发展战略、产业布局、基础设施布局以及生态环保新格局。发挥区域中心城市的带动作用,做大以沈阳为核心的辽宁中部经济区,做强以大连为核心的沿海经济区。