Labor matching behavior and trade adjustment

This paper develops a model of costly trade and team production to examine the matching behavior of skilled workers in an open economy. Trade liberalization changes the supply of skilled production teams available for hire, even when firm production techniques remain fixed. As trade barriers fall, some workers choose to quit small firms in order to accept less skill intensive jobs at large firms that participate in foreign markets. Changes in worker matching behavior can explain several stylized features of firm-level adjustments to trade, with effects that are not limited to firms on the margin of exit or exporting. Trade is shown to rationalize the matching behavior of workers, leading to aggregate gains in productivity and lower prices. Openness benefits workers employed at exporting firms, however the likelihood of gaining from trade is not necessarily increasing in skill. Wages in the open economy are tied to both worker skill and job type.     

新时期中非经贸合作关系的发展

进入21世纪的中非经贸合作,显示出了蓬勃的发展潜力并取得了令人瞩目的成就。三年来,在中国和非洲各国政府和企业的共同努力之下,这一时期的中非经贸合作以2000年中非合作论坛北京部长级会议为标志,进入了历史上最好的发展阶段。于12月15—16日召开的中非合作论坛亚的斯亚贝巴2003年部长级会议,继往开来,将为今后三年的中非经贸合作注入新的实质性内容和新的活力。     

经济全球化与我国对外经贸的发展

经济全球化发展的趋势 ９０年代以来,经济全球化以不可阻挡的强大力量向世界的每一个角落和各国经济生活的各个领域延伸。随着经济全球化的不断深入,世界各国经济都被纳入到统一的世界经济体系之中,各国经济相互渗透和相互依存已成为当今时代的一个重要特征。 经济全球化作为当代世界经济发展的一个根本特征,其意义是显而易见的。由于形成了全球市场,各国可以拥有更广阔的发展空间,可以突破单个国家市场规模和资源禀赋等方面的限制,在全球范围进行资源的优化配置,从而也就能带来更高的效益。由于经济全球化是建立在信息革命的基础上…     

中国与非洲的石油贸易与合作

在世界石油供求失衡、国际市场原油价格节节攀升的背景下,非洲在中国的能源外交中扮演着越来越重的角色.本文重点论述了中非石油贸易关系和现存合作方式,并且针对进一步发展与非洲的石油贸易合作所面临的主要风险进行了简要分析,提出了初步的建议.     

Diversity and the disinterest in trade liberalization: on the prospects of self-enforcing cooperation

International economic order, including the rules of the game for trade, usually suffers from enforcement problems. We examine the prospects of self-enforcing cooperation as trade relationships evolve. It turns out that factor differentials and specificities are of utmost importance. In fact, prospects of self-enforcing cooperation are the lower the more diverse the countries are on that score. Differences may even result in countries showing an outright disinterest in trade liberalization. Notably, this result also holds in a recurrent, that is, in an evolutionary setting that otherwise induces cooperation in trade liberalization with self-enforcing properties.     

Global factor trade with differentiated factor prices and factor intensities

Abstract .  Relaxing the assumption of internationally identical factor intensity techniques in the HOV model creates two challenges. First, computing actual factor intensity techniques of different countries requires detailed input-output tables and factor usage data, which are not always available. Second, determinants of the factor intensity technique differences across countries need to be identified. This paper explores the role of relative factor price differences in the determination of factor intensity technique differences across countries and proposes an inferring method that infers factor intensity techniques of different countries based on relative factor price differences. The HOV model is then modified accordingly.     

发挥商贸平台独特作用创建区域合作更大市场

近年来,以各种制度安排,推动贸易投资自由化和便利化,降低交易成本,实现单一市场和扩大市场规模的区域经济合作,在经济全球化大背景下呈现出前所未有的发展。与此同时,中国内地越来越多地参与和推动各个层次、具有机制性的区域经济合作,这将给中国企业“走出去”提供巨大的商机     

Wages in a factor proportions model with energy input

This paper examines US wage adjustment in a structural vector autoregression of the factor proportions model with capital, labor, and energy inputs. Data cover the years 1949 to 2006. The wage adjusts to changes in input levels and output prices over six to eight years. Energy has a more robust wage impact than capital. The wage reacts weakly if at all to the falling price of manufactures and rising price of services during the sample period. Estimates relate directly to factor proportions theory suggesting robust substitution with labor in the middle of the factor intensity ranking.     

Free trade, factor returns, and factor accumulation

A model of development is studied in which physical capital and unskilled labor are good substitutes, and skilled labor is complementary to the resulting aggregate. Growth in a closed economy is compared with two open regimes. Inflows of physical capital only reduce the interest rate and raise both wage rates. The skilled wage rises more sharply, however, increasing the skill premium and accelerating human capital accumulation. Full integration with a larger and more developed neighbor also reduces the interest rate and raises both wage rates, but in this case the skill premium falls and human capital accumulation changes very little.     

扩大中印两国经贸关系的新思路

中印经贸关系现状2003年,中印双边贸易额达到了75.98亿美元,比上年增长53.6%,其中我国出口33.45亿美元,比上年增长25.1%,进口42.53亿美元,比上年增长86.9%。虽然中印双边贸易得到了很大的发展,每年的贸易额均保持了两位数字的增长,但双方目前的贸易额相对于两国的经济发展水平是极不相称的。近年来,中国对印度出口的主要商品是机电产品、医药品、轻工产品、纺织品、化工、食品、金属制品以及生丝、杂豆、纸张纸浆、松香、焦炭等。90年代中期时,矿产品曾是中国对印度出口的第二大商品,近两三年来已经退居于第三或第四位,而机电产品则跃居中国…     

加强中国与其他发展中国家的经贸合作

当前,世界多极化趋势愈益明显,经济全球化加速推进,国际政治经济格局正在发生深刻变化.近年来,随着中国经济实力的增强和对外开放水平的不断提高,我国与外部世界的经济联系明显加强,与其他发展中国家的经贸关系也将步入一个新阶段.     

影响中美经贸合作的消极因素

近年来,在美国国内存在一系列影响中美经贸合作的片面认识和消极因素,如认为"中国贸易只惠己"、"中国对美出口剥夺了美国制造业工人的就业机会"、"中国对美国企业关闭市场"、"人民币汇率导致美中贸易逆差"等.从美国国内政治角度看,这些消极因素的产生和存在有其政治博弈的根源;从国际政治角度看,有其遏制中国的意图.应正确分析影响中美经贸合作的消极因素,以便理性应对,推动中美经贸合作良性发展.     

中非经贸合作现状及前景展望

非洲资源矿产丰富,已探明石油储量占全球10%左右,黄金、钻石、铜、铀等重要矿产资源储量均居世界首位.近年来,非洲大陆战略中心已转为发展经济、应对全球化和探索新的发展道路.为此,在联合自强、积极推进一体化的框架下,非洲各国加快经济建设步伐.21世纪以来,非洲经济保持稳定、持续增长,虽然局部动荡犹存,但安全形势总体趋稳,非洲作为新兴的能源资源供应地和广阔市场的战略价值日趋显现.各国政府和跨国公司从各自政治经济利益和长远需要出发,增强了对非洲的关注力度.     

Development-related biases in factor productivities and the HOV model of trade

Abstract .  Past empirical failures of the basic Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model related to the inability of data to meet its restrictive assumptions. Trefler (1993) tried to resuscitate HOV by introducing a simple Hicks-neutral (HN) factor-productivity adjustment. In this paper, we re-examine this question by estimating factor-specific productivities from the individual technology data of multiple developed and developing countries. We find evidence of factor-augmenting technological differences. Further, the ratios of factor productivities are strongly correlated with corresponding factor endowments. This systematic bias implies that the ability of HOV to explain North-South factor trade depends on both relative factor abundance and factor-augmenting productivity gaps.     

立足长远全面合作中越经贸合作现状、问题与建议

现 状中越两国发展经贸合作有着地缘之便、历史之缘,据我方统计,2000年双边贸易额达24.66亿美元,比上年增长87.1%,其中,我国出口15.37亿美元,进口9.29亿美元。我国成为继日本、新加坡之后越南的第三大贸易伙伴。2000年两国贸易增长迅速的原因主要是：我国经济持续稳定增长,越南经济基本消除了金融危机的影响,逐渐走上复苏,两国市场需求都有扩大;国际市场原油价格一路攀升,从每桶10美元涨至每桶38美元,使我国从越南进口原油数额大幅增加;越南为发展摩托车工业,允许本国企业进口IKD散件并进行组装,逐步提高国产化率。我国企…     

技术差距模型与中非合作的利益分配

近年来,随着中国经济实力的增强和非洲国家经济贸易地位的提升,中非经贸关系发展迅速.双方经济联系趋向紧密,意味着发生经济摩擦的几率加大.最近两年,一些非洲国家与中国的贸易争端有增长之势,成为一些西方舆论制造"中国新殖民主义"的口实.本文运用技术差距国际贸易模型,分析了中非合作在国际贸易利益分配方面的动态变化,旨在为反驳"中国新殖民主义"论提供一定的理论支持,同时提示中国在合作中须保持一定的技术优势.     

Non-competing factor groups and the normative propositions of trade theory

The Walras–Arrow–Debreu–McKenzie model of general equilibrium forms the basis of almost all normative trade theory. In that model, a factor of production might be completely or incompletely immobile between alternative occupations. Whether it ever abandons an initial occupation depends on the cost of moving to each of the alternative occupations. It is not to be expected that, in equilibrium, a factor will receive the same reward in each occupation; non-competitive factor groups will be the rule. It is puzzling then that, in recent years, normative trade theory has developed in complete denial of non-competing groups. It is here shown that the occupational immobility of factors does not endanger any of the well-known normative propositions of the theory of international trade.     

对外经济合作在贸易结构调整中的作用

对外经济合作是资本、资本品、技术、劳务和管理等一揽子输出的载体。目前,对外工程承包对中国经济的影响基本上可代表对外经济合作对中国经济的影响。利用LINK模型和同步时间序列技术分析的结果表明,对外工程承包对国民经济发展的带动作用是十分显著的。如果将对外经济合作项目所吸引的后续出口和后续技术贸易纳入到统计中,那么对外经济合作对中国GDP的带动作用还要大。以对外工程承包为主体的对外经济合作对改善我国的贸易产品结构同样具有重要意义。贸易的市场结构应由主要依靠发达国家的对外贸易一元结构向与发达国家的贸易和与发展…     

人才资源:外经贸事业发展的重要保证

掀开21世纪的新篇章,呈现在人们眼前的是世界多极化曲折发展,经济全球化不断深入,科技进步日新月异的景象。在知识经济快速发展的进程中,人才资源的水平决定着竞争能力的强弱,而正是在这种新的形势下,中国外经贸人才总储备不足、低效率流动和生成环境不够优化的问题开始凸现出来。在一定意义上说,中国加入WTO后所面临的最大的挑战是人才的挑战,是人才资源的开发、利用以及人才的培养和储备的挑战。国际上一些大型、先进、有竞争力的企业,长期处于市场竞争的环境中,已形成了有活力的制度结构优势,积淀了坚实的物质基础,掌握了…