East–West European Integration: A General-Equilibrium Analysis of Alternative Agricultural Policies

This paper studies the budgetary and trade implications of European Union (EU) membership of Eastern European countries under various agricultural policy scenarios. The author uses a six-region, 13-sector general-equilibrium model with many explicitly modeled agricultural and trade policies. It is found that EU membership of Eastern European countries, including their adoption of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), leads to a surge in Eastern Europe's agricultural exports. Moreover, the EU's agricultural expenditure increases by 26%. A reform of the CAP following the Agenda 2000 proposal does not reduce the cost of enlargement if Eastern European farmers receive compensation payments.     

税收的静态可计算一般均衡模型分析

建立研究中国税收问题的可计算一般均衡模型是一般均衡模型是本文进行探讨的目的,经过大量简化处理,本文建立的税收可计算一般均衡模型模拟了经济运行情况,并有侧重地讨论了我国三大流转税（增值税、消费税和营业税）的经济影响。同时,该简化模型的方法也为进上步推进中国税收可计算均衡模型研究工作打下基础。     

货币国际化与货币互换市场发展关系的实证分析

笔者研究了2000年10月～2011年3月美国货币互换市场的发展与美国货币国际化程度的关系,结果发现:货币互换市场价格变动的冲击短期内对国际金融市场中美元国际化带来的冲击是难以界定的,而从长期的角度来看,货币互换市场促进了国际金融市场中以美元计价的金融产品的推出,推进了美元国际化.美元的国际化在短期内会扩大美国国内货币互换市场规模,但是,从长期的角度而言,货币国际化的推进不会对货币互换市场带来任何影响.笔者认为中国需要优先发展人民币的货币互换市场,这样,可以有效地抵御海外金融市场的冲击,以达到人民币成为国际经济往来中储备货币的目的.     

Impact Of Tariff Reduction On Structural Employment In China: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

The paper studies the effect of tariff reduction on employment in China. Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis, a model simulates the structural adjustment in the Chinese economy as a result of tariff cuts and predicts their quantitative impacts on structural unemployment during the adjustment period. It is concluded that the structural unemployment in China caused by tariff reduction is not as serious as some have claimed. The technique of study on structural unemployment can be extended to other countries to analyze the impact of trade reform.     

Devaluation and The Balance of Trade: A Synthesis of Monetary and Elasticity Approaches

The elasticities and monetary approaches to balance of trade and balance of payments give different predictions about the effects of changes in exchange rates on the trade balance and balance of payments. This paper, using a theoretical model, supports the arguments that elasticities and monetary approaches to balance of payments are complementary theories since each is merely a fragment of a larger system. It was shown that the short run effects of devaluation are those produced by the elasticities approach and the long run effects are those implies by the monetary approach. [431]     

Smooth and Sticky Adjustment: A Comparative Analysis of the US and UK

This paper adopts the methodology of the microeconometric labor literature to analyze a common assertion from trade economists that reallocation within sectors is less costly than between sectors. Findings are compared across two countries (the UK and US) which have experienced very different recent aggregate unemployment experiences. Workers previously employed in "declining" sectors are more mobile than those employed in 'expanding' sectors in both countries, and individuals are more likely to switch sector the longer they are unemployed. A plausible explanation for this is that individuals initially attempt to find jobs that complement their general and specific skills in order to accrue the associated rewards, and move sector only as this prospect diminishes. This would seem to accord with the 'smooth adjustment hypothesis' which proposes that intraindustry adjustments are less costly than interindustry ones.     

货币篮子最优权重:理论框架和实证检验

以Branson和Katseli(1981)建立的分析货币篮子最优权重的理论为框架,以曾经采用钉住货币篮子汇率制度的泰国和新加坡为实例考察货币篮子所涉及的国家之间实际汇率的长期均衡关系.实证分析主要包括建立泰国和新加坡货币篮子的向量自回归(VAR)模型以及在此基础上对两国的货币篮子进行协整检验从而验证篮子货币之间的长期均衡关系.通过对两国货币篮子长期均衡关系的分析判断出泰国货币篮子中的权重并非最优权重而新加坡货币篮子的权重接近于最优权重,新加坡的货币篮子的弹性优于泰国的货币篮子.这启示我们人民币所参考的货币篮子一定要控制其中美元的权重,增强弹性.     

论循环经济下的水资源法律调整

我国水资源短缺、洪涝灾害、水污染和水土流失等水问题十分严重,面临水资源危机。循环经济是我国水资源新战略的理想选择,需要运用法律规范来推动和保障。循环经济下的水资源法律调整以科学发展观为指导,遵循综合决策、混合调整、全程管理和公众参与原则,应借鉴国际经验,结合实际国情,构建完善的水资源法律体系。     

资源动员中的问题化建构:农村征地冲突的内在形成机理

伴随着城市化进程的加剧,国家征收农村土地的数量、规模不断上升,支出的征地补偿也不断提高,但由农村征地引发的冲突却愈演愈烈.此现象促使我们思考:农村征地与对抗性冲突间的内在逻辑关系是什么?引发征地冲突的根源与内在发生机理是什么?本文运用社会冲突相关理论分析表明,在利益认同与身份认同的双重叠加效应下,征地问题会通过资源动员被社会性建构出来,从而形成征地冲突.     

The Welfare Impact of Self-supplied Water Pricing in Canada: A Computable General Equilibrium Assessment

This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to assess the welfare cost of changing the method of water allocation in Canada towards one that uses prices to ration demand. We model the introduction of a price on both water that is abstracted as well as water that is consumed (that is abstracted, and not returned to the source). We estimate that reducing water consumption by 25 % would require imposition of a price on water consumption of around $$\$0.21/\text{ m }^{3}$$ . Similarly, introduction of a water abstraction charge of about $$\$0.013/\text{ m }^{3}$$ would be sufficient to reduce water abstraction by 25 %. We find that if revenues from water pricing are returned in lump sum to households, the introduction of water pricing would result in a modest welfare loss. When revenues from water pricing are used to offset existing taxes, we find a gain in welfare corresponding to a ‘strong double dividend.’     

外币报表折算方法选择的多维分析

外币报表折算是财务会计面临的三大难题之一,焦点主要集中在时态法与现行汇率法的方法选择上。本文从外币报表折算的理论基础-汇率决定理论,折算的逻辑过程和折算方法选择的经济后果等方面对时态法和现行汇率法进行比较,指出时态法是适合中国目前会计环境的外币报表折算方法。     

货币功能外化中的金融过程与金融媒介演化的理论解析

本文在对货币形态的演化和货币功能外化为金融过程进行历史描述的基础上,试图对货币功能演化的路径从理论上进行解析。作者认为：货币形式的对称性破缺所隐含的内在矛盾运动是金融媒介演化的根本力量,风险,不确定性与交易费用是金融媒介演进的客观要求,制度和技术是金融媒介演化的基本条件。     

Currency Quandary: The Choice of Invoicing Currency under Exchange-Rate Uncertainty

Recent studies have derived optimal invoicing strategies for an exporting firm when exchange rates are uncertain. However, these studies fail to explain trade transacted in a third currency (vehicle currency). In this study, we extend existing models to include the possibility that trade occurs in a vehicle currency. We find that under conditions stipulated by existing models, vehicle-currency invoicing is not preferred. The presence of a competing exporter under imperfect competition, however, can induce vehicle-currency pricing. This is consistent with trade in many primary commodities dominated by few exporters with many importers but where commodities are not perfectly homogeneous.     

通货紧缩时期的货币政策目标:关于稳定币值的分析

基于对中国经济金融形势分析后认为，在转轨经济时期，特别是通货紧缩时期，应执行稳定币值的货币政策，中央银行应根据经济金融形势的变化，设置物价指数预警区间，灵活调控货币供应量；并在货币政策目标转换时，注意把握货币政策的力度和节奏。     

基于资源承载力的产业结构生态化调整

传统产业结构注重产业构成比例和不同产业部门之间的投入产出联系,注重产业结构的高级化发展,却忽视了生态要素的制约,忽视产业和自然之间的物质能量和信息交换而难以可持续发展。本文根据产业生态学理论,探讨以资源承载力和可持续发展能力为基础的生态化结构调整,提出产业结构的调整与优化要注意与环境的适应性和产业多样化,并加强环保产业在国民经济中的比重。通过产业结构的生态化调整解决产业与环境冲突,对于促进经济与环境的协调持续发展具有一定的理论与现实意义。     

Checkmating the Consumer: Passive Consumption and the Economic Devaluation of Culture

Early neoclassical economics embodied a gendered symbolic system that devalued consumption and enabled economists to ignore a basic contradiction underlying their treatment of consumption. According to consumer-sovereignty dogma, the consumer determined which firms would survive by actively pursuing maximum individual utility. While this consumer retained the culturally masculine attributes of initiative and agency, consumption itself was devalued because, from a systemic point of view, it is not important which firms survive. At the macro level, consumption was marginalized through Say's law, which holds that excessive acquisition of commodities for consumption is potentially dangerous, because saving and investment drive the economy. The rise of mass consumption and Keynesian macroeconomics threw into question the cultural gendering of consumption – which had acquired feminine attributes like passivity and frivolity – and rendered the neoclassical devaluing of it increasingly untenable. The postwar, neoclassical synthesis and subsequent developments have reinstated the pre-Keynesian gendering of consumption and devaluation of culture.     

A Characterization of Australian Unemployment Compensation: An Analysis of Labour Market Adjustment*

This paper uses a labour contracting framework to analyze the microeconomics of the Australian unemployment compensation system. We find that employers adjust labour inputs by using layoffs rather than shortened workweeks or work-sharing during economic recessions. Increases in government benefits tend to reinforce this result Countervailing influences are shown to be the severity of the income test applying to benefits eligibility and the Family Allowance Supplement in its role as supplementing the income of low-income families.