论社会保障制度的双重性质和我国社会保障制度的转型

本文在回顾中外社会保障制度发展的历史与描述中外社会保障制度现状的基础上,归纳出社会保障制度的双重性质:即普遍性与特殊性。由于我国社会经济体制转轨,社会保障制度也随之转型,以适应市场经济的普遍要求。适应市场经济的社会保障制度初始形成后,最紧迫的是提高社会保障水平,这是我国现实社会的急需。     

社会保障对城乡居民消费的影响

近几年来,国家越来越重视社会保障,社会保障覆盖率越来越大,而且社会保障对居民消费影响越来越大,文章对我国学者近年来社会保障如何影响城乡居民消费的研究做了综述.     

我国社会保障制度对就业的影响

就业和社会保障是现代社会的基本问题,社会保障制度为劳动力市场的平稳运行提供保障,二者紧密相连。我国的社会保障制度基础、失业保险支出方向、社会保障面、社会保障水平以及社会保障范围均对就业产生不利影响。     

依托第一生产力创造核心竞争力

21年前，当邓小平同志在全国科学大会上提出科学技术是生产力的时候，还有人表示怀疑，产生过争议；对年后的今天，科学技术是生产力，而且是第一生产力，已成为妇孺皆知的真理。很多来我们企业视察的领导、朋友问过我同一个问题，那就是我们靠什么实现持续发展？我告诉他们：依靠党的改革开放好政策，依靠各级政府及社会各界的大力支持，依靠全体员工艰苦创业，其中重要的一条就是以技术进步求生存、图发展。（－）1从“小”到“大”，企业依靠技术进步自己救自己企业初创时，主要生产锄头、镰刀等农用工具，主观上没有科技意识，客观上也…     

论社会保障与企业竞争力

本文从企业的角度探讨社会保障与企业劳动力成本和企业持久竞争力的关系,指出设计一套运行高效、效果良好的社会保障制度,无论在微观层面还是宏观层面都将有助于企业竞争力的提升。     

北京市人口老龄化及对社会保障支出的影响

北京市人口老龄化形势日益严峻,北京市老年人口的高龄化、空巢化和庞大的老年人口基数和发展速度使北京市的社会保障体系面临很大压力。就北京市人口老龄化程度对社会保障支出的定量关系分析做了探索,对北京市未来社会保障支出比重作了预测。对北京市人口老龄化特点和社会保障问题提出了建议。     

对影响生产力发展的三个重要范畴的再认识

在当代经济发展过程中 ,有许多重要的现实因素需要人们给予必要的关注、科学的认识和正确的把握。本文主要结合传统唯物史观理论中的生产力、生产力标准和生产方式三个基本概念 ,立足于当代社会生产实践基础进行简要的分析。     

我国社会保障水平对城乡收入差距的影响

从理论上说,社会保障制度负有调节收入差距的制度使命,西方福利国家的发展实践也证明了这点。但在我国,由于社会保障制度本身的不公平,一直被质疑对收入分配存在"逆向调节"效应。运用Pooled OLS模型,借助于2007-2011年的省级面板数据,重新检验了新时期我国社会保障水平对城乡收入差距的影响。财政社会保障水平的效应不显著,而社会保障水平的正效应已经开始显现。说明随着我国城镇社会保障制度的扩面(农民工是主要受益者)以及农村社会保障制度建设的全面启动,我国社会保障制度正向调节城乡收入差距的"时间窗口"已经出现。     

生产力与企业的核心竞争力

在市场经济条件下 ,企业核心竞争力是社会生产力的重要基础和综合反映。企业核心竞争力是随着市场的形势发展不断变化的 ,是与其他企业核心竞争力相比较而显示其强弱的。为了促进中国企业核心竞争力的提高 ,中国政府应该尽快促进国内市场的完善。     

Explaining the wealth holdings of different cohorts: Productivity growth and Social Security

In this paper, we explore the reasons why different generations accumulate different amounts of wealth. We use basic economic theory to propose two indicators of the economic conditions under which households accumulate wealth. The first one represents productivity differences across cohorts: The aggregate level of gross national product per capita around the time the head of the household entered the labor market. The second measure summarizes the changes in Social Security during the head of household's working life. Using panel data from the Dutch Socio-Economic Panel, we show that productivity growth can explain all the cohort effects present in income data, while productivity growth and the generosity of Social Security can explain all the cohort effects present in household net worth. We also find a limited offset of Social Security on wealth holdings.     

社会保障税与社会保障制度优化

社会保障税是指定用于社会保障的工薪税。本文分析了工薪税的税收归宿和劳动供给弹性的影响。当劳动供给弹性较小时 ,税收主要由劳动力负担 ,而且可能会增加就业压力 ;工薪税在劳动同质程度较高时可以取得较好的再分配效应。本文还描述了社会保障制度优化的理论过程。社会保障制度优化是指现收现付计划和强制储蓄计划的最优搭配 ,它以“黄金律”条件下的隔代帕累托改进为标准。就同代收入再分配而言 ,将收入再分配计划的目标定为提高受益人的受教育水平 ,而不是直接为其提供免费的社会福利 ,将有助于缓解收入再分配的代价。     

The Impact Of Computer Prices On International Comparisons Of Labour Productivity

This paper analyses the international comparability of methods used to convert the value added of the office and computing machinery sector (OCM) into constant prices for nine OECD countries. It concludes that the variations which exist in the price indexes are largely due to differences in the methods countries use to capture changes in the quality of an industry's output over time. The paper evaluates the impact of these different OCM price indexes on the growth rate of labour productivity during the 1980s by conducting a sensitivity test where the US OCM index is substituted for each of the individual country indexes. This experiment causes the OCM labour productivity growth rate to change by over a factor of ten for several countries. This result suggests that international comparisons of labour productivity should not be made for the OCM sector using the official data, and that labour productivity comparisons of sectors OCM belongs to—non-electrical machinery and fabricated metal products and machinery—should be conducted cautiously, if at all.     

Privatizing Social Security

This paper studies the political sustainability of the existing pay-as-you-go Social Security system in the face of recent demographic patterns. We analyze different approaches to privatizing the system and consider what it would require for them to be politically implementable. The analysis is based on an overlapping-generations economy where an initial generation would choose to implement a pay-as-you-go social insurance system. We study the sustainability of this system in each subsequent period. We describe some transition policies that make the current generations of agents at least as well off as the maintenance of the Social Security system. All feasible transition policies use debt to finance the benefits during the transition period, shifting at least some of the cost to unborn generations.     

公民社会保障权与农村社会保障制度

构建农村社会保障制度,应以宪法赋予农村居民的社会保障权为依据,以实现城乡社会保障体系一体化为目标,加大中央政府资助力度,从完善社会救济制度起步,并着力于在农村建立重大公共传染性疾病的防治保障制度,同时还应在对城市居民养老保险和医疗保险实行"统账分离"的基础上,分步骤为农村居民提供社会统筹养老保险和医疗保险.     

论社会保障税与社会保障的可持续发展

建立健全与经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系,是经济社会协调发展的必然要求。但是现行社会保障收费制度越来越难以满足社会保障对资金的庞大需求,社会保障资金筹措困难,社会保障筹资方式的弊端日益凸显。为了进一步健全社会保障体系,解决当前和今后社会保障资金的来源问题,开征社会保障税已成为当务之急。     

Social Security Liabilities

This paper reviews the long-term financial problems facing the U.S. Social Security system. Not only is the system out of long-term actuarial balance, but implicit rates of return on worker contributions are low and dropping. The paper discusses different approaches for dealing with the twin problems suggested by the 1994–1996 Advisory Council on Social Security, ending with a case for a middle-of-the-road approach featuring modest long-term benefit cuts and small, centrally managed, add-on individual accounts. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: H55.     

Strengthening Social Security

Social Security's core protections must be maintained, according to this author. He believes that by creating universal savings accounts and investing a small portion of the Social Security trust fund in equities, it is possible to secure the long-term future of Social Security without subjecting workers to the risks of individual, private accounts.     

论股份制与社会生产力

文章分析了股份制的产生和发展,指出了它是社会生产力发展的产物;分析了股份制的特点,论证了它有推动社会生产力发展的重要作用;分析了股份制的产权关系,指出了它是解决社会主义全民所有制企业两权分离的微观经济组织形式,并在总结我国股份制企业试点经验的基础上,指出了它是我国社会生产力发展的必然要求,是深化经济改革所应追求的目标模式。