南亚贸易政策改革历程

一、贸易政策改革的背景近年来，以单边贸易自由化和互惠贸易为主要特色的区域贸易集团的发展，是南亚经济朝开放型经济发展的一个重要标志。但是许多研究南亚问题的学者却没有对该问题给予足够的注意，尤其是没有对南亚各国进行贸易政策改革的背景进行深入研究。首先，南亚是世界上最贫穷的地区之一，该地区人口占世界人口的２０％，而国民生产总值却不到全球的２％。按世界银行确定的标准，该地区属于低收入的发展中国家，人均国民生产总值（ＧＮＰ）最高的斯里兰卡为５００美元，而最低的尼泊尔和不丹仅为８０美元。除印度外，其他成员国…     

浅析美国现行农产品贸易政策 促进我国农产品出口

美国是世界上农产品出口大国,也是出口促进政策体系最为完备和成功的国家。深入研究美国农产品贸易保护措施,有利于我们了解美国农产品保护政策,为我国制定贸易政策,促进我国农产品出口提供借鉴。     

日本农产品贸易政策及对中国的启示

文章在分析日本表产品贸易说状的基础上，从市场准入、国内支持和出口竞争三方面入手对日本农产品贸易政策进行分析和探讨，指出对我国农业保护及发展的启示。     

青海省农产品贸易格局与政策

我国加入WTO后,研究青海如何根据农牧业比较优势变化,提出发展特色农产品以提高国际竞争力的思路,具有十分重要的现实意义和战略意义。一、青海省农产品贸易现状青海省农产品贸易主要以出口为主,进口仅有个别年份发生,且比重很低。1991—1999年青海省出口贸易中农产品实际出口比重最高为1992年,占出口总额的34.8%,其中粮油食品类占10.4%,畜产品类占10.7%,土产药材类占13.7%;最低为1997年,占总出口的11.5%,最高时的1992年比最低时的1997年高出近23个百分点。粮油食品类中实际出口比重最高的1991年为10.9%,最低的1996年为1.7%;畜产品类中实…     

我国农产品贸易竞争力分析

文章分析了我国农产品贸易现状与我国农产品贸易竞争力,并在此基础上分析了我国农产品贸易竞争力总体趋弱的原因,提出了相应的对策建议,以期为我国农产品贸易的发展提供新的思路.     

中国与欧盟农产品贸易政策研究

中国与欧盟在世界贸易领域均具有举足轻重的地位,欧盟已经发展成为经济高度发达的地区,中国仍然是发展中国家,尽管如此,在传统经济贸易关系上面欧盟与中国表现都较为积极,在政治、经济、科教等领域的交往也日益密切。在此良好的经济合作平台之上中国与欧盟农业领域的交流与合作日益增多,尤其是随着双方农产品贸易政策的改革,中国与欧盟农产品贸易结构发生了较大的变动,无论是进出口的产品结构还是中国在欧盟国家内部的市场结构均产生了变化。     

广东省农产品出口贸易政策研究

本文选取了2001～2005年自加入WTO以来广东省农产品出口贸易的数据①进行分析,从中寻找出一些特点,为广东今后农产品出口贸易政策调整提供一些参考,以更好地适应加入WTO后的新形势。     

加工贸易政策调整:政策信号与未来发展

近期有关加工贸易的政策调整相对比较频繁,这已引起了很多加工贸易企业的关注:政策调整信号如何理解?加工贸易未来的发展方向是什么?本文集中分析了加工贸易要不要发展,转型升级的障碍,以及未来政策调整的方向。本文认为,近期政策调整的信号可以概括为限制与发展,限制是为了更好的发展;无论是将加工贸易理解为保税监管的贸易形式,还是理解为国际生产分工的实现方式,当前阶段加工贸易发展的大格局不会改变。     

“碳关税”与中国外贸政策之应对

二氧化碳等温室气体排放导致气候变化问题日益受到人们关注。而美国为了在经济危机中寻找新的增长点,意图在新的节能经济中继续处于有利地位,也迫于其国内贸易保护主义的压力,于2009年6月22日通过《清洁能源安全法》。该法以限制温室气体排放、减缓全球变暖为由正式提出了对进口的高耗能产品征收"碳关税"。西方征收"碳关税"一旦成为现实,不仅会使西方国家在短期内达到贸易保护的目的,也会使其在节能环保的"低碳经济"时代保持经济和技术上的优势。本文首先对"碳关税"的由来以及西方国家的意图进行分析阐述,进而讨论其对中国外贸的不利影响,最后,从外贸政策的角度提出应对之策。     

The empirics of trade and growth: where are the policy recommendations?

Existing literature repeatedly documented a strong correlation between trade and growth. It has also shown a causal effect of imports (though not necessarily exports) on growth in simultaneous equation models but to a lesser extent in Granger-causality tests. Export and import taxes have sometimes been found to negatively affect growth. Drawing policy conclusions from these general findings for a particular country is difficult not only because of the contradictory results but also because of potential second best world effects and the implied endogeneity of trade policy. Policy recommendations for a specific country require a careful analysis of market and institutional arrangements and can not be based on the existing cross-country literature.This project started while both authors were working at the World Bank. Views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank or the institutions they are currently affiliated with. We would like to thank Lucas Bretschger, Shanta Deverajan, Marion Jansen, Marcelo Olarreaga, Howard Pack, Karen Pittel and Paul Welfens for helpful discussions and comments. We are especially indebted to Simon Evenett for very detailed and constructive comments.     

Agricultural extension system reform and agent time allocation in China

We conducted a nationally representative survey to measure the impact of China's institutional reforms in public agricultural extension on the time allocation of its one million agricultural extension agents. We found that Chinese agents spent much less time than their titles would suggest on providing agricultural extension services, and that agents whose base salaries were funded fully or partially by commercial activities spent substantially less time serving farmers. The institutional incentives associated with the source of funding have a much larger effect on agent time allocation than do the levels of funding. We conclude that the recent government policy to separate commercial activities from extension services is a step in the right direction and should be expanded. The results also suggest that, at least for agricultural extension, the goal of many national governments and international donors to develop locally financing institutions to sustain development projects may be misguided.     

对当前贸易摩擦的法律评价与对策思考

双边磋商解决方案无助于贸易摩擦的有效解决。目前,我国最需要做的是利用WTO规则澄清国外反倾销、反补贴、技术性规则及特别保障措施条款等的适用,加强相关的制度建设,以维护既有的贸易利益。     

贸易政策选择的博弈分析

传统贸易理论与新贸易理论的不同源于假设条件的不同,并由此导致贸易政策选择上的自由贸易政策和战略性贸易政策。本文主要应用博弈理论对战略性贸易政策在不完全竞争市场上对国际贸易的影响进行分析,说明政府使用干预政策时,应充分考虑现实条件,否则其危害可能远远超过自由贸易。     

Openness and trade policy in China: an industrial analysis

This paper analyzes the tariff structure and its determinants in China, with our research conducted under the rubric of endogenous policy theory. We study the tariff rates for 95 industries in China in 1996. The potential determinants of tariff rates are collected from an array of variables characterizing industries in 1995. A principal component method is used to reduce these variables into four major dimensions. The first component comprises the information on the composition of employees broken down by age, education, and job classification. The second component is underlined by the profitability of the industry. The third component consists of those variables not picked up with high salience in the first two components. More closely resembling those in the second component than the first, these variables include gross product, foreign capital, inventory, sales revenue, and total loss. The fourth component receives high loadings from two variables: the number of firms in the industry and the number of firms that incur net losses in their operation. Using variables identified by the principal component analysis and postulated by the variants of the endogenous trade theory, regression analysis finds that the trade policy in China is mainly defined by an industrial policy favoring high-tech industries and a social policy minimizing social instability. The implications for China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) are also provided in the paper.     

论我国非营利组织监管体制的改革

中国的非营利组织在生成路径、管理体系等方面与国家有着紧密的制度化联结的特性,决定了在我国非营利组织监管体制改革的研究上,不能简单地套用西方的理论工具来加以分析,而应是立足于本土化的思考,同时有选择地借鉴吸收他国的有益经验。据此理解,我国非营利组织监管体制改革的基本思路包括树立有限监管的理念、建立有效的社会监督机制、培育发展行业自律组织和逐步完善法律规范。     

中国汇率政策与财政政策的搭配研究

近年来,中国的失业问题引起了社会各界的广泛关注,政府也出台了多项改革措施,目的是为了维持宏观经济内部均衡。但是,随着我国进出口顺差的持续增大,用于调节外部失衡的人民币汇率政策却一直没有调整。因此,这两者搭配是否合理值得研究。本文对中国汇率政策与财政政策的搭配进行实证分析,并提出了改善这两大经济政策搭配的对策建议。     

中国-东盟贸易自由化对我国农产品出口的影响及对策

随着中国与东盟贸易自由化的深入发展,双方农业贸易的发展与合作对经济的促进和贡献越来越明显和重要。基于双方国家农业互补性、竞争性因素的客观存在,双方贸易自由化对我国农产品出口影响深远,应充分发挥我国农产品比较优势,促进中国对东盟农产品的出口。