对完善我国个人所得税税制的思考

《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》于 1994年 1月1日起实行 ,虽然经过了合并完善 ,对我国的经济体制改革起到了积极的促进作用 ,但是根据一些国家的经验和我国 6年来的实践 ,不难看出 ,我国个人所得税税制 ,还存在着一些问题 ,有待进一步改革和完善。一、我国个人所得税制存在的问题1.采用分类所得税制 ,不尽合理。目前世界上大多数国家都是采用综合税制或分类综合税制 ,而我国实行的是分类税制 ,即对纳税人的应税所得 ,根据不同性质 ,分项扣除 ,分项计算 ,分别征收。这种税制模式的不足之处是 :纳税人的纳税意识不强 ,在没有建立个人收入申报…     

从税收的纵向公平原则看我国个人所得税的设计

公平与效率问题贯穿于经济运行过程及其制度安排中。税制的理想境界是达到公平与效率的统一。税收公平包括两方面的内容：横向公平和纵向公平。现代税制的设计均较多地涉及横向公平。纵向公平则体现在所得税制中，而且尤以采用累进税制的个人所得税，更好地体现了纵向公平原则。     

从税收公平角度看我国个人所得税制的全面性改革

公平原则是各国税制建立的基本出发点和基本原则。公平的个人所得税制将可以充分发挥其调节收入公平分配的独特功能。然而,由于在税制模式、税率结构、费用扣除和税收征管等方面的缺陷,导致我国现行个人所得税制的公平缺失非常严重。因此,必须对个人所得税制进行全面性改革,即通过转变税制模式、科学设计税率结构、合理规定费用扣除标准和完善税收征管等方面的改革,提高其公平性,以有效发挥其调节功能,实现社会公平目标。     

中美个人所得税制度的差异分析及借鉴

个人所得税在调节收入分配和增加国家财政收入上起着举足轻重的作用。了解美国个税制度,并结合我国个税的特点,对中美个税差异进行对比分析,找出我国个人所得税制中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策建议。     

横向公平与现行个人所得税所得的缺陷分析

个人所得税横向公平的实现首先应科学选择所得的课征范围，从理论上说，符合横向公平要求的所得课征范围应尽量接近黑格－－西蒙斯准则。中国现行个人所得税制度对所得课征的规定在很多方面还不符合横各横向公要求。进一步完善个人所得税制度的方向是扩大税基、实行综合所得税制度、所得和应纳所得额一体化设计。     

个人所得税课税模式比较及我国的选择

1课征模式比较分析 课税模式设计是个人所得税的基础之一。不同类型的课税模式在税基和税率等税制要素方面差距较大,在体现效率和公平原则上也有很大区别。从世界各国实践看,个人所得税有三种模式： 1．1分类所得税制是指对于纳税人的各类所得,要区分所得来源分别适用于不同税率。分类制的理论依据是,对不同性质的所得项目采用不同税率,以使各类所得的税负轻重有别。例如,对勤劳所得（如工薪）课以较轻的税,对非勤劳所得（如利润、股息、红利、租金等）课以较重的税。分类制区分勤劳与非勤劳所得课以轻重不同的税体现一定的社会公平性,而且具有分类源泉课征,征收简便,征管成本低的优点。     

横向公平与个人所得税应纳税所得额的确定及其缺陷分析

在所得课征范围既定条件下，个人所得税横向公平目标的实现最终取决于应纳税所得额的确定，应纳税所得额的确定关键又在于税前扣除制度是否科学规范。我国现行个人所得税税前扣除的规定还存在很多缺陷，在很多方面都不符合横向公平的要求。进一步完善个人所得税制度的方向是实行综合所得税制度，扩大税基，规范应纳税所得额的计算，科学设计税前扣除额标准。     

个人所得税税制模式:公平与效率的权衡

税制模式是一个涉及所得税公平与效率权衡问题的重要因素,对其的研究引起了学界和纳税人的广泛关注。然而,税制模式的改变不应该是一个建立于情绪化的公平偏好或公众舆论导向的产物,而应该是一个缜密的理论分析和客观的实践总结的结果。本文在分析各种税制模式在公平与效率方面的理论描述及其各国模式选择实践的基础上,得出了一个基本结论:即我国现行的特殊分类税制是符合现实税收环境的恰当税制模式。     

如何改革和完善我国个人所得税制

世界各国实行的个人所得税制一般有三种类型，即分类所得税制、综合所得税制、混合所得税制。这三种税制各有所长，各国在设计税制时均需根据具体情况加以运用。我国目前实行的分类个人所得税制，由于对不同性质所得采取不同的税率，不具有累进调节作用，所以被认为是公平性较差的税制。而且分类所得课税模式在我国的实践已经表明这种模式与我国的经济发展不相适应，因而改革势在必行。     

个人所得税改革之我见

一、现行税制概况 我国自1994年1月1日开征个人所得税至今,一直实行分类所得税制(以下简称分类税制).分类税制是以分类表为基础,将纳税人所得按不同来源划分若干类别,按照规定的不同等级确定税率,以超额累进计征办法课税.     

Consumption tax revenue and personal income tax: analytical elasticities under non-standard tax structures

This article models the elasticity of consumption taxation faced with changes in disposable income. Its calculation makes clear the importance of the design of the personal income tax and of the changes caused to the consumption of taxpayers. The modelling is performed for both individual taxpayers and the population as a whole.     

所得税会计核算辨析

《企业会计准则第18号——所得税》在我国大中型企业以广泛应用。但据调查了解,对于企业特殊事项要确认、计量递延所得税有些无所适从。因此,以具体案例的形式着重分析企业发生的特殊交易如何确认、计量递延所得税。相信在会计实践中会有一定的指导意义。     

Optimal income taxation with tax avoidance

We determine the optimal income tax schedule when individuals have the possibility of avoiding paying taxes. Considering a convex concealment cost function, we find that a subset of individuals, located in the interior of the income distribution, should be allowed to avoid taxes, provided that the marginal cost of avoiding the first euro is sufficiently small. This contrasts with the results of Grochulski who shows that, using a subadditive cost function, all individuals should report their true income. We also provide a characterization of the optimal income tax curve.     

Impact of income tax on happiness: evidence from the United States

The present work considers the level of demonstrated happiness and unhappiness within groups, the latter measured by the conditional probability of suicide within groups facing an income tax rate and those without. Using US data for the year 2004, our results show that individuals have lower rates of suicide or are ‘happy’ when they do not pay income taxes than those who pay.     

浅谈如何加强对高收入者税款的征收

由于目前高收入阶层税收流失严重,导致贫富差距进一步加大,因此,需要完善税收法律及税制结构,从制度的设计上保障能加强对高收入者税款的征收;同时,要执行有效的税收征管措施实现对高收入者税款的征收。     

The uniform enterprise income tax reform in China

In China, the income tax of enterprise is very different between foreign funded enterprises and other domestic enterprises. It is believed that this discrimination is harmful to the entire economy. So there is a reform in the tax system to build a uniform enterprise income tax. This is a significant reform in China＇s tax system, so every decision about this have to count the cost and the benefit carefully. The author has introduced the Computable General Equilibrium （CGE） to simulate this new tax system and value its benefit and cost. There are two different models in the paper; they are of different assumptions and for different purposes. Model I is a static CGE model and model II is a Ramsey Dynamic model. The static model is mainly used for comparative static approach to examine how the tax reform will change the endogenous variables. According to the results of the model, more goods will be produced by both of the DFEs and FIEs after the tax reform in the medium and low tax effective tax rate situations. If the nominal tax rates decrease 24.24% （from 33% to 25%）, the enterprise income tax will only reduce 19.36% and the total tax revenue will only reduce 1.911%. The dynamic model will concentrate on the costs and benefits during the transition. From the results of the model, a lower tax rate will increase the level of investment, capital stock, capital prices, wage rate and also the growth rates through transition. If the capital tax rates are changed gradually, the fluctuating of transition will be smoothed a little.     

Accounting for the family in European income tax systems

Tax systems are expected to achieve many things at once andthis paper discusses the trade-offs involved in attempting toreconcile conflicting aims. It surveys the various instrumentsthat are used to take account of marriage and the presence ofchildren and describes the current systems in the 15 EuropeanUnion countries. The impact of alternative tax treatments ofthe family 'borrowed' from other countries is examined for theUK, using the tax-benefit microsimulation model, POLIMOD. Thepaper explores the implications of the alternatives for thetax paid by families of different types and for the work incentivesof individuals in different family situations.     

Revenue-maximizing tax rates in personal income taxation in the presence of consumption taxes: a note

This article computes revenue-maximizing tax rates in personal income taxes in the presence of consumption taxes. It finds that the traditional Laffer analysis, which neglects the effects of marginal tax rates on consumption, overestimates the magnitude of revenue-maximizing tax rates. The bias caused by this oversight is computed.     

Reported gross income and marginal tax rates: estimation of the behavioural reactions of Spanish taxpayers

This article estimates, for the Spanish personal income tax, the elasticity of reported gross income to marginal tax rates. The identification of this elasticity has been performed using the reform approved by Law 35/2006, which came into force in January 2007. The elasticities obtained suggest the existence of important efficiency costs, with significant regional differences. The average elasticity estimated for Spain as a whole is 0.676. However, this elasticity is highly dispersed throughout the Spanish administrative regions, which indicates the unequal power of distortion of the tax. Thus, households whose principal source of income is salary display an elasticity of 0.337, compared to 0.682 for households whose main income source comes from business or savings. Lastly, a positive correlation is also detected between elasticity and income level: an elasticity of 3.6 is reached for taxpayers with an annual gross income exceeding 100 000€.     

Assessing tax reforms through the elasticity of reported income: an empirical analysis for Spain

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of the elasticity of reported income to assess tax reforms from the perspectives of tax revenue and well-being. Employing different identification strategies, evidence is provided of the value of the elasticity of gross reported income in Spain and, based on this elasticity, a detailed assessment is made of the impact of the increase in marginal tax rates which the Spanish government approved in 2012. We use microdata from the Taxpayers Panel of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The mean value of this elasticity for Spain is 0,363 with considerable heterogeneity depending on taxpayers’ characteristics.