流媒体技术在电子商务活动中的应用

流媒体技术支持电子商务活动中大数据量的信息流的流式传输,提高了信息流的畅通。流媒体技术可支持数字商品及商务决策信息的流式传输与发布。本文分析了基于网络的流媒体信息分发技术,归纳了流媒体技术在电子商务活动中的应用类型,构建了流媒体技术在电子商务活动中应用机制的基本模型。     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

基于系统动力学的企业电子商务运行机制研究

随着电子商务的不断发展,企业电子商务的应用逐渐成为企业和学术界关注的热点问题。本文应用价值链理论分析了制造企业电子商务运行机制的影响因素,应用系统动力学的方法分析了这些因素之间的因果关系,并且在此基础上构建了流图来研究制造企业电子商务的运行机制,希望能够为企业更好地应用电子商务提供理论支持。     

电子化采购优势分析及实施电子采购策略

网络时代,电子化采购以特定的技术创建了企业通用的交易平台,利用中央数据库,为买家提供了接触大量供应商的通道,消除了交易中的无用步骤,减少了书面工作和供应链上的浪费,降低了商业成本,改善了商业活动周期,提升了采购行为能力,具有传统采购方式无法比拟的竞争优势。     

The Role of Consumers' Trust in Online-Shopping

Many consumers are sceptical or suspicious about the functional mechanisms of electronic commerce, its intransparent processes and effects, and the quality of many products that are offered online. This paper analyses the role of consumer trust as a foundation for the diffusion and acceptance of electronic commerce. Starting from a functional perspective trust is seen as distinct but potentially coexisting mechanism for reducing the uncertainty and complexity of transactions and relationships in electronic markets. The analysis focuses on conditions of e-commerce transactions that are relevant for the formation of trust problems. Drawing on the theory of information two types of uncertainty are described: system-dependent and transaction-specific uncertainty. Finally different activities and instruments are described and categorized that Internet firms can use to establish and maintain trust.     

Fashion shopping on the go: A Dual-stage predictive-analytics SEM-ANN analysis on usage behaviour,experience response and cross-category usage

With the proliferation of mobile commerce, mobile shopping has become the buzzword in the electronic commerce industry. To examine the predictive factors that affect the usage behaviour, experience response, and cross-category usage in mobile fashion shopping, an integrated research framework, comprising of the Mobile Technology Acceptance Model and individual attributes in terms of lifestyle orientations was proposed. The quantitative data, derived from 500 qualified responses, collected through a survey questionnaire, was validated via a two-stage predictive-analytics SEM-ANN approach to identify the non-compensatory and non-linear relationship. All six of the ANN models showed consistent relationships and rankings with the SEM results. The findings imply that mobile commerce developers and designers should ensure that the functions provided can satisfy the evaluation criteria of users with different lifestyle orientations, whereby the advantages of the mobile commerce platforms should be highlighted in the marketing messages to drive first-time usage, as well as extended usage across different mobile commerce platforms (i.e., mobile sites and mobile applications) and product categories. From the theoretical perspective, the findings revealed the indirect influence of the individual attributes on the usage intention of innovative mobile technology. The research is also the first to adopt non-compensatory neural network analysis to compensate the linear SEM analysis in the study on mobile shopping of fashion products.     

The Challenge of Multinational Corporation (MNC)-Led Growth and Internationalization: The Case of Nokia-Dependent Suppliers

Purpose: This research is aimed at gaining a better understanding of supplier–customer relationships in the context of asymmetrical dependence. Of particular interest is to develop an enhanced understanding of the conditions under which such relationships can be mutually beneficial despite the problems traditionally associated with relationship asymmetry.

Methodology: The empirical context is provided by a case study of Nokia and three of its Finland-based suppliers that have grown and internationalized in a customer-led manner. Following a review of the literature, we introduce a conceptual model and then test it against findings from the case study.

Findings: We find that relationships characterized by asymmetrical dependence can be mutually beneficial as long as the boundary conditions governing the relationship remain favorable. In particular, relational variables such as trust and commitment can balance an otherwise asymmetrical relationship. However, such relationships are vulnerable to changes in the external environment, which may expose the more dependent party to power influences. Thus high customer dependence is best viewed as a temporary condition and the supplier should actively seek for strategies to reduce dependence.

Originality: Much of existing research on interorganizational relationships fails to provide an understanding of relationship development over time and, in particular, in relation to changing environmental conditions. This study provides such a perspective and does so in the context of a supplier–customer relationship characterized by asymmetrical dependence.     

Robust supplier relationships: Key lessons from the economic downturn

Recent events in the economic and natural environments have tested buyer-supplier relationships like never before. Based on dyadic buyer-supplier case data from a variety of industries that were deeply affected by the 2008–2009 recession, this article explores how long-term relationships responded to an economic downturn. Prior to the downturn, these mutually dependent relationships all appeared to be very similar to each other and were characterized by significant value-added and social capital stores. However, due to varying degrees of bounded rationality, the relationships were affected differently and responded differently to the downturn. Based on the characteristics of the relationship, we develop a framework of three types of close supplier alliances. This framework can be used to assess such relationships and likely responses to adversity to reduce unpleasant surprises for the alliance partners. This article also provides a set of lessons learned for managers.     

企业集群的协同商务平台模型研究

本文从协同商务的视角研究了企业集群,认为通过构建企业集群的协同商务平台可以充分发挥企业集群的竞争优势,基于电子商务网络形成集群企业与集群协同机构之间的从运营到战略层次的全方位协作互动。为此,本文创新性地提出了企业集群的协同商务平台模型与协同商务框架体系结构。     

An Empirical Study of Buyer–Supplier Relationships within Small Business Organizations

A paradox exists in small business organizations; although effective buyer–supplier relationships are essential to the success of small businesses, these organizations may not have the purchasing and selling power in terms of managerial resources to implement them. This provides us an opportunity for research to determine how well developed are buyer–supplier relationships within small business organizations. Grounded in transaction cost and resource dependence theory, this paper presents and empirically tests a model that examines the relationships between buyer and supplier specificity and long‐term buyer–supplier relationships and the latter's impact on organizational performance from the buyers' perspective. The results of this study provide insight into the development and impact of buyer–supplier relationships within small business organizations. Several managerial implications can be determined.     

电子商务路在何方

目前电子商务专业虽然是一个热门专业,但对于其专业的毕业生却热不起来。电子商务的学生到底能学到什么,高校电子商务专业课程设置是一个重要的课题。就其专业课程设置可以说有两个方向.即一是面向技术(Technology oriented)的电子商务教育,英文可以称为:Technol-ogy-oriented E-Business(缩写为TOEB);一种是面向管理(Managementoriented)的电子商务教育,英文可以称为:Management-oriented E-Business(缩写为 MOEB)。所以对于电子商务专业教育不能大而全,应该选其一而精。     

Social commerce website design,perceived value and loyalty behavior intentions: The moderating roles of gender,age and frequency of use

Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework, a model is tested that improves the understanding of customer loyalty toward social commerce websites. The results showed that: information and service quality are key antecedents of perceived value, whereas rewards and recognition, and customization are non-significant. Perceived value is an important driver of customer loyalty toward these websites. The model's relationships are affected by gender and frequency of use. Overall, the findings of this study extend the understanding in the social commerce context of: (i) the antecedents of customer perceived value and behavioral intentions; and (ii) the moderating effects of age, gender and frequency of social commerce use on the model relationships.     

WTO电子商务零关税政策的法律分析

1998年WTO《全球电子商务宣言》宣布对电子传输不予征收关税,时至今天,这一政策仍在断断续续的延续,但在效力上存在很大的不确定性。美国一直是WTO框架下电子商务零关税政策的积极推动者,欧盟和大多数发展中国家则对此抱有异议。未来这一问题的解决,首先需要处理的是电子商务的定性问题,如果将其归入到服务贸易的范畴,则问题的解决将相对容易。中国可根据自身电子商务的发展情况,对于电子商务零关税延期宣言的效力采取灵活的立场。     

Electronic shopping: young people as consumers

Findings and discussions in this paper lead to recommendations in relation to young people as consumers in the electronic marketplace. The recommendations in this paper may be of value to students, academics, e‐marketers and e‐retailers. This paper seeks to take a cross‐border perspective while discussing the issue of young consumers and electronic shopping. It attempts to discuss significant macro‐environmental influences on young consumers in the electronic commerce market. It also highlights important opportunities and threats, relevant to the young consumers target market. The paper finally introduces generic strategies that may be used to successfully target the youth market and discusses resulting implications. Before delving into the electronic shopping market analysis and the strategic focus on young people, the paper will first introduce the meaning of electronic shopping and highlight the interdependent nature of electronic shopping and e‐commerce. It will also explain what is meant by young consumers in the context of this study.     

Orchestrating resource base,role, and position: a supplier’s strategy in buyer-dominated relationships

The literature that can be consulted today regarding supplier strategies focuses mainly on the buying company’s opportunities to structure, rationalize and develop its supply base. However, few studies have been undertaken in the automotive industry that focus on the supplier’s view of change. One significant characteristic of a supplier’s development is that it occurs in close relationship with the buying company, a relationship that can be described as buyer-dominated. This article focuses on the need for suppliers to develop their own strategies. The purpose of the article is to identify theoretical and empirical building blocks in a supplier’s strategy in these buyer-dominated relationships, to describe and analyze a supplier’s strategic development from traditional supplier to systems supplier, and to discuss managerial implications. The empirical material consists of a longitudinal in-depth case study, conducted in retrospective as well as in real time, and this study is itself based upon several case studies, including ones of Volvo and Saab Automotive. The findings indicate that the supplier’s systems strategy is a high-risk one, because it is based on an vision of a systems suppliership in the future. Even if the group of supplier has been able to form a close relationship with the end-product manufacturers (Volvo and Saab Automotive), the need remains for it to be able to interpret those manufacturers’ (buyers) actions and adapt its own strategies accordingly. An important feature of the supplier’s strategy should be cooperation with other suppliers and the creation of new structures that consist of a number of previously independent supplier companies. The supplier’s ability to orchestrate resource base, role and position is of great importance.     

A Classification Scheme for Negotiation in Electronic Commerce

In the last few years we have witnessed a surge of business-to-consumer and business-to-business commerce operated on the Internet. However, most current electronic commerce systems are little more than electronic catalogues that allow a user to purchase a product under predetermined and inflexible terms and conditions. We believe that in the next few years we will see a new generation of electronic commerce systems emerge, based on automated negotiation. In this paper, we identify the main parameters on which any automated negotiation depends. To show the applicability of our classification framework, we use it to categorise a representative sample of some of the most prominent negotiation models that exist in the literature.     

An Examination of the Effect of Consumer Personal Traits on Show Rooming Behavior: The Effect of Product Type

The rapid growth of online commerce and spread of mobile devices have created various trends in product-purchasing behaviors of consumers. Especially in online-to-offline commerce, “showrooming” has increased. This involves searching for products offline but purchasing them online. Among theories of consumer buying behavior based on traditional consumer characteristics, this study empirically analyzes whether there are group-specific differences in showrooming. The results show that innovative consumption tendencies are significantly related to push, pull, and mooring factors. The findings also elucidate the role of showrooming buying behavior in these relationships. In terms of push and mooring factors, these relationships are strengthened by showrooming purchase experience. This study divides products into electronic products and apparel and analyzes the effects on purchase experience using a moderator.     

Interview: United Parcel Service's Director of Electronic Commerce,Alan Amling,on the opportunities and challenges of global electronic commerce

The development of global electronic commerce presents many opportunities as well as challenges for companies worldwide. Alan Amling, director of electronic commerce for United Parcel Service (UPS), discusses various aspects of electronic commerce, its global implications, and UPS's effort in enabling its global development. Mr. Amling emphasizes that the key success factor for e‐commerce is building relationships with customers and suppliers. For companies engaging in global e‐commerce, he suggests the importance of “Thinking Global, Acting Local.” Furthermore, Mr. Amling provides critical insights as to why UPS has been able to stay at the forefront in the development of e‐commerce and how UPS is positioning itself to enhance global e‐commerce's growth. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The critical role of trust in obtaining retailer support for a supplier’s strategic organizational change

It is well established in the marketing literature that the bond of trust is a cornerstone of interorganizational relationships. However, trust is considered to be context-specific, as it is difficult to endow on new relationships. We argue that the existing trust between organizations not only survives tough and shifting times, but also helps steer those organizations through such trying periods. We investigated a context where a major change was instituted in a cooperative marketing channel. Here, the supplier (the focal channel member) had to convince the other channel members (the retailers) about the impending merger, which may or may not bring benefits to all. We empirically show the existing trust in the supplier was a major determinant of the support for the merger and inducing the post-merger trust in and commitment to the changed supplier.     

电子商务与现代化物流建设

随着电子商务的进一步推广和应用,物流对电子商务活动的影响日益明显,其重要性也越来越凸显。本文从电子商务和物流的关系入手,分析电子商务的发展对物流业的多方面影响,进而将传统的物流业与电子商务相结合,积极发展现代化的物流业以促进电子商务的发展。