我国战略性贸易政策实践

本文对改革开放以来我国的战略性贸易政策实践进行了分析。虽然我国政府从未明确提出要实行战略性贸易政策,但是通过和日本经济高速增长时期的战略性贸易政策相比较,可以发现,在我国广泛推行的产业政策中,战略性贸易政策早就存在。只是由于产业组织政策失效所导致的市场竞争程度低下,使得我国战略性贸易政策的实施效果很不理想。因此,协调产业政策和竞争政策,打破地方保护,建立国内统一大市场就成为我国今后战略性贸易政策成功的关键。     

中国和墨西哥贸易关系的实证分析

本文通过对中国和墨西哥双方的经贸关系进行实证分析,探讨双方究竟在多大程度上存在着竞争关系,双方有无合作的可能性。主要结论是中国和墨西哥在某些领域存在着事实上的竞争关系,但是合作的前景也很广阔。     

浅议战略性贸易政策在我国的适用性

战略性贸易政策是以规模经济和产品差别化为基础的不完全竞争模型。通过对该贸易政策理论基本内容、实施中所需的条件的阐述,为战略性贸易政策在我国的适用性进行判断。并结合中国现有的市场经济体制、市场结构、产业结构和政府的行为素质,对战略性贸易政策在中国实施的政治经济条件进行分析,判断战略性贸易政策在中国特定行业的可行性。     

新贸易保护主义的新发展与中国的战略性贸易政策选择——基于弱势产业与贸易保护有效性的分析

本文在弱势产业划分与贸易保护有效性分析的基础上,探讨新贸易保护主义的新发展及其对中国进出口贸易的影响,分析我国的战略性贸易政策选择。本文认为:是否值得与能否对弱势产业进行贸易保护,在大国与小国的答案并不完全相同,可以利用大国规模经济效应提升弱势产业的比较竞争优势;对优势产业与“夕阳产业”同时进行保护、贸易保护的意识形态工具创新是新贸易保护主义新发展的主要特点;为了应对新贸易保护主义新发展对我国进出口贸易的冲击,必须制定符合我国国情的战略性贸易政策。     

Trade and Wages: Two Puzzles from Mexico

Mexico plays an important role in the developing‐country trade‐liberalisation literature because it liberalised early and extensively. Numerous papers analysed changes in Mexican wage levels and inequality after Mexico joined the GATT in 1986. This paper reviews recent papers that analyse changes in wage levels and inequality since the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994. Two main puzzles emerge. First, wage growth rates are similar before and after NAFTA. Second, Mexican wage inequality, which received much attention after its post‐GATT rise, falls steadily after NAFTA. This paper reviews several possible explanations for these two phenomena.     

WTO贸易救济措施与战略性贸易政策

战略性贸易政策主要是通过征收关税、提供出口补贴和数量限制等措施来扶持本国的产业,提高竞争优势,在市场上占领更大的市场份额。WTO是当今世界多边贸易体制的组织和法律基础。GATT经历了八轮贸易谈判后,关税大幅度降低,一些补贴也不允许使用,这对成员方战略性贸易政策措施的使用起到了限制作用。与此同时,WTO的反倾销、反补贴和保障措施等贸易救济措施目前却成为了一些国家实施战略性贸易政策的新工具。本文阐述了WTO贸易救济措施的相关规定对战略性贸易政策的常用工具关税、补贴和数量限制行使的影响及我国应采取的对策。     

中日经贸关系的战略思考

近两年,中日两国的经贸关系因历史和政治原因而受到了一定的影响,中国和日本都是东亚地区的重要国家,中日两国之间的经贸关系不仅影响着各自国家的经济发展,也影响着东亚地区的经济合作和整个亚洲未来的经济发展趋势。本文利用贸易依存度、投资依存度等指标分析了中日两国经贸关系的相互依存性,指出了中日经贸关系中存在的问题,并根据一个多世纪以来中日两国间的经贸政策,对发展中日经贸关系做了战略思考。我国在加强与日本经济合作的同时,需加快实施“自主创新的竞争战略”。     

投资与贸易自由化仍是中俄的战略选择

在目前金融危机越演越烈的形势下,中俄两国的经济增长和经济形势都面临严峻挑战。在此情况下,中俄两国在危难时期仍应选择自由贸易和投资开放政策,努力协商贸易与投资政策,制定共同应对金融危机的对策措施,这不但会缓解双方的危机压力,也将为中俄经贸的持续战略合作创造条件。     

Information and Disclosure in Strategic Trade Policy: Revisited

In a recent paper, Creane and Miyagiwa (J Int Econ 75:229–244, 2008) show that the mode of competition determines whether information sharing occurs between firms and governments within an international duopoly context in which the firms are located in different countries. In this paper, we show that when a price instrument is implemented to control exports, then the relative number of firms located in each country is also critical. In particular, we illustrate that with quantity competition and under the presence of demand and cost uncertainty, information sharing does not occur when the number of firms in one country is higher than the number of firms in the other country and vice-versa. However, when direct quantity controls are implemented the number of firms is irrelevant and information sharing always occurs. Moreover, we show that the informational prisoner’s dilemma restricts only to the case where subsidies are implemented in both countries when the number of firms across countries is equal.     

Strategic Interaction and Trade Policymaking: Formal Analysis and Simulation

This paper introduces a simple game‐theoretic model and a Monte Carlo simulation of trade negotiations with the aim of identifying the nature of the selection bias that may threaten valid inference from empirical tests relying on data from trade disputes. Insights from the formal model are used to critically engage recent empirical analyses. This model is applied more specifically to the American use of Section 301 as an instrument to prise open foreign markets. The results of the game‐theoretical model and the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that, despite significant statistical results, models of trade negotiations might potentially suffer from misspecification due to non‐random selection effects.     

Strategic Trade Policy and Network Compatibility

We consider strategic trade policy for information and communication technology (ICT) product markets with international rivalry. Usually, ICT products exhibit network externalities and product compatibility (i.e., network compatibility). We demonstrate that the optimal strategic trade policy depends on the degree of network compatibility of ICT products. Furthermore, using an endogenous decision game for strategic variables (i.e., quantity and price), we consider the relationship between the optimal strategic trade policies and the endogenous mode of competition.     

Setting Standards: Strategic Advantages in International Trade

Among the most important technical barriers to trade are the different standards, testing and certification measures for products and services. Efforts to co-ordinate these within Europe - including the EU's increasing reliance on private sector standards bodies - are now underway. The EU's single market has not only integrated national markets, but has also shaped trading principles at the international level. The EU has exported its trade principles to third country markets and European companies have gained strategic advantages in influencing standards both internally within Europe and externally at the international and transatlantic level. Firms should invest resources and actively participate in setting standards to protect and increase their competitive advantage.     

墨西哥贸易政策审议

<正> 墨西哥第三次贸易政策审议进展顺利,本次审议全面而且深入,并为贸易问题的研究工作提供了众多资料和借鉴。委员们赞赏了墨西哥近年来经济上的成效。墨西哥在贸易和投资自由化方面的努力带动了贸易和投资的显著高涨,是促使墨西哥经济进步和繁荣的关键因素。同时,墨西     

浅析战略性贸易政策下的补贴

战略性贸易政策是国际贸易理论发展的产物,其重要观点是主张政府采取战略性措施进行干预,以提高本国福利,补贴是政府扶植产业的重要手段,而建立在多边贸易体制上的WTO有关补贴与反补贴协议对补贴进行了严格规定,如何在不违背WTO反补贴协议的前提下,对战略性产业进行有效补贴,是值得我们思考的。     

Market Share Delegation and Strategic Trade Policy

Strategic delegation analysis has been limited to sales delegation cases, until Jansen et al. (International Journal of Industrial Organization 25:531–539, 2007) presented the case of market share delegation. In international trade theory, export rivalry and import protection have always attracted considerable attention. This paper assesses the influence upon optimal trade policy of introducing market share delegation in a trade duopoly context. It shows that delegation matters, and different forms of delegation coupled with asymmetric costs will imply different degrees of government intervention.

后危机时代中国对外贸易摩擦的战略解析

以"后危机时代"世界经济形势发展变化为研究背景,从中国对外贸易的战略环境入手,分析了金融危机后的世界外贸环境新特点,运用动态博弈模型剖析了中国对外贸易摩擦频发的诱因,设计了中国应对贸易摩擦的一系列创新策略,提出应从全球学习的视角促进中国贸易发展,即政府、行业、企业上下联手,以全球学习战略为载体,"三位一体"共同破解国际贸易壁垒,构筑中国产品的全球竞争优势。     

中国外贸战略模式评析

改革开放后,我国在战略上采取了“出口导向经济发展模式”,它对促进我国经济发展无疑起到了积极作用,但付出的代价也是巨大的。作为人多地广的发展中大国,我国实施这种外贸战略不一定是最佳选择,因为庞大的国内市场始终是推动我国经济稳定快速增长的主要动力。     

战略性贸易政策:发达国家与发展中国家的博弈

作为新贸易理论的主要内容之一,战略性贸易政策实质上是发达国家为自己的保护主义所寻求的借口和托词。它虽然在产业适用性和国家适用性方面设置了诸多限制,但印度软件业的发展是该政策得以在发展中国家成功实施的良好佐证。我国应该在市场培育、制度建设以及贸易政策与产业政策协调配合等方面进行强化,以利用战略性贸易政策来培育我国具有国际竞争力的产业。     

国际贸易中的战略性环境政策

由于传统的贸易政策工具,如关税、补贴等,受到世贸组织规则的限制,各国政府不得不寻求其他政策工具来转移租金,便考虑在产业和贸易政策的“武库”中添加项目,诸如排污标准、减污补贴、排污税。为了保持国际竞争力,环境政策已经演变成产业政策、贸易政策。以不完全竞争为基础的战略性环境政策理论,为在自由贸易约束下,各国政府如何寻求其他政策工具转移租金、提供了新的研究思路。