我国利率市场化与汇率形成机制关系分析

利率与汇率是经济生活中两个重要变量,是宏观调控的重要手段,也是测度一国经济的重要指标,二者之间有着密切的联系。利率作为一国货币的对内价格体现着对内目标,汇率作为货币的对外价格体现着对外目标。作为一种基本价格利率对汇率有着直接的影响,利率改革必然对汇率产生影响,本文试阐述利率市场化对汇率形成对机制的影响。     

中国货币市场基准利率(Shibor)简介

1．何为货币市场基准利率 一国市场基准利率是指在一国利率体系中能够真实反映资金成本和供求状况，且其变动必然引起利率体系中其他利率相应变动的利率。它是货币政策价格调控的基础，是货币政策传导和连接中央银行、金融市场、金融机构和企业居民的纽带，是金融产品定价的参照系，是存贷款利率实现全面市场化的先决条件。     

基于因子分析法的shibor基准利率属性研究

本文采用因子分析方法研究中国货币市场上shibor基准利率的确立及与经济金融指标的关系。研究发现,我国目前货币市场的双轨制表现十分明显,Shibor作为市场化利率的代表已经初具了基础利率的雏形,但由于中国利率市场化仍然在发展之中,其基础利率的属性仍然受到官方管制利率如存款利率及再贴现利率的影响。     

金融开放及其测度方法述评

从金融开放的概念入手,在国内外学者研究的基础上,对金融开放的内涵和外延进行界定和澄清。分别从资本账户开放和金融服务贸易开放的角度,对国内外测量金融开放水平的主要指标和方法进行归纳和比较,对不同指标的渊源联系、优缺点及其适用性进行评析,最后对构建一个全面衡量一国金融开放度的指标模式进行展望。     

浅析金融创新对货币政策的影响

金融创新的实质内涵是指在金融领域内部,对经营管理体制、市场资金交易机制、金融商品供给和组织机构等方式进行的创造性变革。一、金融创新与货币政策一般而言,规则性的货币政策以一国的金融市场为载体,运用市场化的间接货币政策工具来影响货币市场利率,调控货币政策的中介目标———货币供应量,从而影响企业、居民的投资、消费行为,最终达到货币政策的目的。(一)金融创新对货币政策中介目标的影响1、金融创新降低了中介指标的可测性。金融创新使作为中介指标的金融变量的定义变得模糊,并且越来越难以观察、监测、分析。直接的影响是造成货…     

基础货币被动投放下和率与货币供应量的关系

货币供应量是我国货币政策的中介目标,影响货币供应量的一个关键变量是利率。一般来讲,利率与一国的货币供应量为反相关关系,但这一关系在我国基础货币被动投放的情况下需要重新考量。鉴于我国处在利率市场化的过渡时期,管制利率与正在培养中的市场基准利率Shibor并存,应该通过Shibor作为中间变量来分析央行调控管制利率对货币供应量的影响。     

基础货币被动投放下利率与货币供应量的关系

货币供应量是我国货币政策的中介目标,影响货币供应量的一个关键变量是利率.一般来讲,利率与一国的货币供应量为反相关关系,但这一关系在我国基础货币被动投放的情况下需要重新考量.鉴于我国处在利率市场化的过渡时期,管制利率与正在培养中的市场基准利率Shibor并存,应该通过Shibor作为中间变量来分析央行调控管制利率对货币供应量的影响.     

浅论利率市场化条件下地方中小银行加入银行间市场的必要性

利率市场化是我国深化金融体制改革的必由之路,是继商业银行股份制改革后的＂二次革命＂。作为金融改革的配套创新制度,银行间市场取得了长足发展,成为我国目前最大的资金投融资市场,并已成为央行投放和回收基础货币、调剂社会流动性余缺的重要载体。本文重点分析我国地方中小银行在利率市场化条件下面临的冲击和加入银行间市场必要性,提出＂参照银行间市场基础利率,建立和完善利率定价机制＂等建议。     

以Shibor为契机完善中国货币市场利率体系

该文首先介绍了中国货币市场利率体系的现状,进而分析了Shibor对中国货币市场利率体系的影响,认为Shibor在中国利率市场化进程中处于核心地位,应加快金融产品创新、夯实Shibor构建基础、加快Shibor的发展,进一步完善中国货币市场的利率体系。     

金融技术发展与货币政策中介目标的选择

随着科学技术特别是信息与电子金融技术的发展，金融领域变革与创新的加速，货币供应量作为货币政策的中介目标越来越不适宜，中央银行对于货币供应量的控制力度也越来越弱。本文通过对基础货币和货币供应量等金融变量本身的变化的分析，得出：中央银行可以将利率定为货 币政策中介目标和操作重点，通过调节银行同业拆借利率以达到调控宏观经济目的的结论。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.