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1.
Stated preference methods can be used to estimate the demand function where no price variation has been observed before. This is the situation of the Mexican coral reef natural protected areas, where after the 2002 approval of a $20 pesos fee (US$1.80) the Ministry of the Environment is now considering increasing the amount of the fee, not only to raise more revenue for the park, but also to curb the number of visitors in the cases where there is excess demand. There are concerns that the very success of the reefs is bringing associated environmental damage that threatens its sustainable use. To estimate the reaction of visitors to different fee levels, we carried out a contingent valuation survey, and constructed with its results an aggregate demand for each park. This demand was then divided by seasons and nationalities, to explore the benefits and costs of differentiating fees, looking at both the revenue maximising and the welfare maximising fees. Finally we discuss how these fees would change when environmental damage functions are taken into account. The recommendation is that increasing fees up to the point where they cover both private and environmental costs would bring the highest amount of economic benefit compatible with the sustainable use of these complex and wondrous marine ecosystems. 相似文献
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Jinok Susanna Kim Sung Tae Kim Jin Wook Han 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2024,26(1):e2625
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic value of various functions of pilgrimage sites in the modern ere as pilgrimage became popular. To survey was conducted with pilgrims and tourists visiting the Solmoe Shrine, the birth place of Father Andrew Kim, the first ordained priest of Korea, and is located in Dangjin City, South Korea. Conservative evaluation method based on real setting scenarios 2, willingness-to-pay (WTP) for preservation value of Solmoe Shrine was estimated at KRW141,366 ($105) a year per household or approximately KRW2.95 trillion ($2.188 billion) depending on WTP truncated mean. According to the results of the study, the psychological variables that influence the willingness to pay were the restorative experience and spiritual well-being. These results can be seen that in the modern era, pilgrimage is greatly linked not only to religious purposes but also to personal health. 相似文献
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Choong‐Ki Lee Jin‐Hyung Lee James W. Mjelde David Scott Tae‐Kyun Kim 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2009,11(6):583-593
Although resource interpretative services are an essential conservation management tool that can add value to ecotourism experiences, there has been little empirical investigation on the ‘true’ economic value of such services. As such, this study's objective is to estimate the economic value of public interpretative services at a publicly supported Korean birdwatching festival, using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation method. Logit estimation results indicate that bid, age, income and birdwatching experience are important factors in explaining willingness‐to‐pay for interpretative services. The mean value of the publicly supported interpretative services is estimated to be 4,961 South Korean Won (approximately US$5) per person. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Iljoon Chang 《International Journal of Sustainable Transportation》2019,13(3):170-179
The development of vertical/horizontal moving-assistant systems is at an initial stage. However, it is expected to enhance the efficiency of mobility-disabled individuals when it is used in the field of public transportation systems. Hence, this study involved analyzing the benefits and whether users would be willing to pay more as a type of tax to install the new systems into the public transportation sector by using the contingent valuation method as well as their willingness-to-pay for these systems. A survey was conducted among Seoul metropolitan subway users to establish a model and compute the total annual benefits of the new systems. The results indicated that individuals are willing to pay more of USD 1.65 for the installation of a new system. The findings also determined that the minimum and maximum total annual benefits of establishing these systems are USD 69.81 million and USD 200.32 million, respectively. Additionally, an analysis was performed to separately compare the value of installing these systems from the viewpoints of general and mobility-disabled users. This analysis indicated that general users consider the value of new systems that is not directly related to their own convenience as more necessary and valuable when compared to the perceptions of mobility-disabled users. There is a paucity of studies on vertical/horizontal moving-assistant systems in the field of transportation. Nevertheless, the results of the study suggest that the proliferation of the systems is feasible and leads to enhancements in the sustainability of the public transportation sector. 相似文献
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Recent estimates of high values for tourist related recreation USA amenity values indicate that allocation of basic water and terrestrial resources to recreation activities should be given precedence over conventional market oriented activities that often degrade or even extirpate the resource. We discuss at length the travel cost method (TCM), a survey based technique that quantifies the non‐market benefits of trips to recreation sites. The TCM has been cast in the role of an ‘umpire’ in recent resource allocation debates. Understanding the key role of the TCM in the debate will aid tourist agency officials throughout the world. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A. 相似文献
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Luis Csar Herrero Jos ngel Sanz Ana Bedate María Jos del Barrio 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2012,14(5):495-512
Cultural festivals are one of the most common representations of diversification strategies in tourist demand in cities boasting abundant historical heritage. The goal of this work is to estimate the economic value allocated by tourists and local residents to a classical music festival in the emblematic city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). The contingent valuation method is used to ascertain whether there are any significant differences between the value declared and to study the sensitivity of the findings in a range of socio‐economic variables. Finally, the problems of hypothetical bias are explored, as are the possible implications for management of pricing policies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study seeks to explore attributes affecting the level of tourist satisfaction with and loyalty towards theatrical performance in China. Based on four focus group discussions with 31 participants, the study identifies 34 attributes that affect the level of tourist satisfaction with theatrical performance, and groups them into five categories: stage, performance, venue, service and tourist‐related attributes. The findings on tourist loyalty reveal that 21 of the 31 respondents would not watch the same theatrical performance alone in the future; however, they would recommend it to others. The study concludes with a discussion of the rich and insightful findings and their implications for tourism industry practitioners. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTKnowledge construction is a crucial factor in the development of any field of study. While empirical papers sustain knowledge development in a field, systematic analysis of the literature and critiques of influential papers are core components of high-level knowledge construction. The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate Fodness and Murray’s ([1999]. A model of tourist information search behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 37(3), 220–230.) seminal paper on information search and to assess how the model has been developed by the subsequent literature. A critique of the model highlighted that the original work had a number of shortcomings, particularly given recent advances in information technologies. The method consisted of a meta-analysis of 575 studies that cited Fodness and Murray’s work. The meta-analysis demonstrated that none of the subsequent studies attempted to further develop this well-cited model. The analysis also highlighted that many of the citations to the original study were superficial, and in some cases, incorrect, raising serious questions about citation practices in the tourism field more broadly. The main implication is that, in order to advance our understanding of tourism, we need robust studies that confirm and build on past research efforts to move the field forward. 相似文献
10.
Leszek Butowski 《旅游业当前问题》2019,22(9):1043-1061
The traditional understanding of geographical space as a given place is now insufficient. It should be analysed in a wider context of social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects as well as psychological and emotional factors. It signifies that also a tourist destination, which is of geographical character, should be studied as a set of similar factors. In this respect, a given destination is characterized by particular complexity and multi-dimensionality, which generate an ontological question concerning its nature. On the other hand, including the whole complexity of destinations, an epistemological issue concerning the possibility of their cognition remains open. Taking into account these considerations, a research problem related to the nature destinations as well as the possibility of their development has been formulated. The problem is followed by the hypothesis, which assumes that the measure of tourist development of destinations is the achievement of the state of tourist sustainability. Wherein the tourist sustainability is understood as an advantage of benefits gained from tourism over the costs of its development. In the empirical part of the paper, a method for assessment of development of destinations has been presented. This relies on social constructionist foundations and is related to the model of sustainable tourism whose assumptions have been applied as theoretical bases. The method itself was positively tested in an actual environment of five tourist towns and can be treated as a universal tool for measuring the state of tourist sustainability (unsustainability) of different destinations and in consequence, it can constitute a useful device for the management of tourist areas. 相似文献
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This paper analysed the validity and reliability of the revised tourist ecological orientation (RTEO) scale. There are relatively few studies in the area of the ecological behaviour of tourists and, therefore, RTEO and other scales should be taken into account in future tourism research. This study is based on a sample of 461 golf tourists. A double analysis was carried out: (1) a qualitative analysis through expert opinion and (2) a quantitative analysis through the partial least squares approach. The results suggest that the RTEO scale is a brief, simple and reliable scale of environmental actions. 相似文献
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Mohamed Battour Moustafa Battor Muhammad Awais Bhatti 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2014,16(6):556-564
The objectives of the paper are to first develop a measurement scale for Islamic attributes of destination and then to investigate the influence of Islamic attributes on overall tourist satisfaction. This study followed the sequence of steps that should be performed in developing measures of constructs. The measurement was tested and found to be both reliable and valid. The study found positive relationship between Islamic attributes of destination and overall tourist satisfaction. Important marketing implications are also presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tourism-related businesses require a multitude of resources in order to operate successfully and given these resources can be accrued from more than one source, bases of power become complex. This is an inductive study which critically evaluates the application of stakeholder theory to an analysis of the tourism destination networks of Agra, India. It examines the relationships of power and dependency that exist between individual and group organisations and the way in which they motivate their behaviour towards each other. The key findings show that resource-based power is formed from the power of individual businesses, the power of the ancillary services stakeholders and the power of the authorities and that network-based power is acquired from the power of agents and the power of groups. 相似文献
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IpKin Anthony Wong 《旅游业当前问题》2017,20(8):809-824
Tourism research often encounters social phenomena and research problems that involve multiple levels. However, most researchers assume that the phenomena exist in a single level and perform analyses that do not reflect the hierarchical nature of social dynamics. This article heeds the call from Current Issues in Tourism by illustrating multilevel methods and proposing an agenda for multilevel research. In particular, this article seeks to reconcile the limitations of single-level analysis and to delineate how multilevel methods could be applied in tourism research. It further seeks to advance tourism theories by introducing more complex multilevel design with broader applications in various tourism settings. This article presents two common tourism research scenarios, critiques their limitations, and proposes how multilevel methods could not only address these limitations, but also how they could advance tourism theories. An empirical study is offered to demonstrate multilevel design and analytical techniques. 相似文献
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Tourism has, in recent times, been advocated as a particularly efficient way to promote the development of the so‐called less favoured regions, mostly inland and mountain, owing to its potential for employment and income creation and the synergies it is able to generate in other sectors of activity. Based on the results of empirical research carried out in two distinct inland zones of Portugal, this article tries to demonstrate that a wide gap and considerable contradictions are emerging between the rhetoric and the real benefits that tourism has been producing in the local societies and economies of these regions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Charles McIntyre 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2007,9(2):115-130
This body of research developed over a number of individual but linked studies, predominantly carried out in the Bournemouth environs in the South Coast of England as well as on the islands of the Isle of Wight and Guernsey. The focus of these studies has been to examine the process, meaning and sought outcomes of the consumption process of individuals while on holiday. The relationship of non‐everyday setting and increased desire for interpersonal and intrapersonal significance within holiday consumption experiences are shown to be pivotal in generating a perceived developmental event for the consumer away from the routine of everyday living. An explanation for this is considered within risk‐based consumer models as well as within humanist developmental and post‐modern identity/experience choice orientations. Within holiday consumption there was found to be a high proclivity to discover, learn and reflect on the developing self, and close social unit (as well as social interactions in general) while on holiday within a non‐everyday cultural experience; with inherent alteration of consumer behaviour when in the holiday ‘state of mind’. The generally more affective, rather than cognitive, basis of tourist retail consumption is considered relating to the ‘risky’ nature of individual learning and socialisation processes and consumption behaviour within the limited risk environment of a holiday setting. In further considering risk‐based models of adventure holiday consumption, the herein proposed Survival Theory of tourist consumption offers a more general beneficial human development role (individual and social) for most tourist interactions which contrasts with much tourist literature (and popular cultural beliefs) which assumes tourism to be a selfish, destructive or harmful process within the sphere of human behaviour. Differentially across the sample, a tentative typology of tourist consumers is also proposed, with some reference to potential life‐stage association and applications to experiential‐based marketing of holidays to various consumer groups. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study estimates the monetary value of nonmarket benefits to participants of a cycling event using a willingness to travel question. It compares different question formats and types of data. Using 3 years of data (2014–2016) from a postrace survey (n = 976), the results show that the random selection format produces 2.1 (stated preference data) and 2.5 times (revealed preference data) higher monetary values than the payment card. The magnitude of hypothetical bias, that is, the extent to which respondents overestimate their return visitation, is 21%. Hence, monetary values are highly sensitive to question formats and types of data. 相似文献
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Denmark’s coastlines have been protected from tourism development and construction for more than 80 years. In 2014, the Danish politicians opened up for softer regulation of the coastlines and invited proposals for tourism development projects within the hitherto protected coastal zone. The call explicitly requested nominations for sustainable tourism projects. A comparison between academic sustainability discourse and the approved projects suggests that tourism actors do not address sustainable tourism development as a holistic concept. Long-term perspectives are largely absent, whereas economic benefits are emphasized. Key findings also indicate weak political leadership in the envisaged transfer towards sustainable tourism development. 相似文献
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保险资源深度开发是中国铁路总公司进一步加强自身风险管理工作,向金融行业发展的有效途径。分析了铁路总公司保险资源概况、开发现状及国内外大型企业的相关经验,探讨了如何深度开发铁路总公司保险资源,提出了相关建议。 相似文献