浅析电子政务与电子商务的关系

国际互联网的出现为电子商务奠定了技术基础,企业实施了电子商务,如果政府管理仍然采用手工处理或计算机单机处理方式,则不能满足企业电子商务的高效要求,形成电子商务应用瓶颈,而电子政务的发展,拉动了国内信息产业的市场需求,带动了电子商务和社会信息化的发展,为电子商务的健康发展营造了一个良好的"生态环境".本文详细阐述了电子政务与电子商务之间的区别和联系,着重揭示了了两者之间相互关联相互影响的关系,旨在促进电子商务与电子政务的协调发展.     

基于电子商务与电子政务的政府采购管理信息系统模式探析

目前政府采购已成为一种重要的经济活动,如何保证政府采购活动能够公开、公正和公平地进行是一项亟待解决的问题。电子商务与电子政务的发展,特别是信息系统开发中成熟的软构件技术,为构建政府采购管理信息系统提供了一种新思路。在分析政府采购管理体系和政府采购流程基础上,提出以电子商务与电子政务并行的思想来开发政府采购管理信息系统,并对系统的功能架构、关键技术及实施步骤加以阐述。     

我国电子商务与电子政务协同发展初探

从电子商务与电子政务的关系入手,对二者协同发展的可能性和必然性进行分析,指出协同发展的现状,在此基础上对协同发展提出对策研究。     

电子政务与电子商务的协同研究

随着信息技术的迅速发展,电子政务与电子商务被提上日程,并取得显著成效,电子政务与电子商务的协调同成为信息化发展的一大趋势。从电子政务与电子商务协同的概念出发,在宏观和微观两个方面探讨了两者协同的必要性,并指出电子政务与电子商务协同实现的整体效应必然对国民经济和社会的发展与进步产生积极而深刻的影响。     

基于“三创”导向的应用型本科电子商务人才培养体系研究

随着互联网+的快速发展,电子商务给创意创新创业提供了新的宽广的舞台,而创意创新创业(以下简称"三创")也为电子商务的发展插上了腾飞的翅膀,二者的结合将促进新业态的形成、加速社会经济的发展。如何在高等教育教学中实现二者的结合呢,本文从"三创"的能力要求及当前应用型本科电子商务人才培养存在的问题出发,提出了基于"三创"导向的应用型本科电子商务人才培养的思路及模式,希望对应用型高校电子商务教育发展有所帮助。     

基于“三创”导向的《电子商务概论》课程改革研究

随着互联网+的快速发展,电子商务给创意创新创业提供了新的宽广的舞台,而创意创新创业(以下简称"三创")也为电子商务的发展插上了腾飞的翅膀,二者的结合将促进新业态的形成、加速社会经济的发展。如何在高等教育教学中实现二者的结合呢,本文从"三创"的能力要求及其导向的课程改革目标、课程设计、改革思路等方面对高校《电子商务概论》课程进行了"三创"导向的课程改革与实践,希望对电子商务类课程教学改革有所帮助。     

浅议电子商务与现代物流协同发展对策

当前电子商务的发展和现代物流业的发展水平密切相关,二者互为条件,相互促进.本文首先分析了电子商务与物流协同发展的可能性和必然性,进一步阐述了我国电子商务与物流协同发展过程中所存在的矛盾,最后提出了我国电子商务与物流协同发展的对策.     

电子政务建设与民营企业的互动发展

电子政务为民营企业的电子商务和信息化提供了支持环境和对接方式,民营企业与政府可在网上互动,完成一个事务处理的全过程。本文以地级市为研究对象,分析认为电子政务的建设和推行,促进了民营企业的发展与壮大,民营企业在电子政务环境下发展模式发生了变革,其发展又进一步推进了地级市电子政务的建设。     

“十三五”时期湖北省价格部门电子政务建设与应用前瞻性研究

"十三五"时期是我国全面深化改革和全面建成小康社会的决定性阶段。价格部门应大力推进电子政务的建设与应用,使之成为政府部门提升信息化水平、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要途径,更好地为人民服务。本文从"十三五"视角出发,系统地阐述了在"十三五"时期,湖北省价格部门电子政务建设与应用的基本原则、发展目标、主要任务、工作重点和保障措施,为"十三五"时期湖北省价格部门电子政务的发展提供了新的思路和方法。     

电子政务的发展现状与对策

本文首先分析了电子政务的特点、意义与作用，阐述了电子政务的主要内容，并着重分析了电子政务现状，深入剖析了我国发展电子政务的优势与困难，最后，针对重庆市电子政务的问题和困难，本文提供了详细的解决思路与具体对策。     

自由贸易与贸易保护主义——公平与效率问题

当今世界 ,贸易自由化成为世界经济发展的主流 ,降低关税和非关税壁垒成为各国双边和多边谈判的主要议题。自由贸易与贸易保护主义的争论由来已久 ,自由贸易的效率以及产生的不公平问题用“补偿原则”来解决是存在局限性的 ,所以 ,自由贸易和贸易保护主义之间政策的权衡十分必要。解决贸易自由化中不公平的问题应从政府制定规则、完善社会保障和建立社会道德标准三方面加以着手。     

INNOVATION AND GROWTH WITH RICH AND POOR CONSUMERS

This work studies the impact of income inequality on the level of innovative activities in a model where innovations result in quality improvements. In contrast to the standard model of innovations and growth, the equilibrium outcome may be characterized by a situation where not only the quality leader but also producers of worse qualities are on the market. In that case the quality leader sells to the rich, whereas the producer of the second‐best quality sells to the poor. In general, we find that a more equal distribution of income is favourable for innovation incentives. This is consistent with empirical evidence suggesting that countries with a more equal distribution of income have grown faster.     

ENTRY AND EXIT OF FIRMS AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM

This paper extends the standard Keynesian model of aggregate demand and supply allowing for imperfect competition, variable returns to scale, and entry and exit of firms. It distinguishes three phases of macroeconomic equilibria, stagnant, expansive and contractive, according to whether the number of firms is fixed or endogenously determined by the position of the aggregate demand curve. Using this model we show that a large shift in the aggregate demand affects the structure of the economy irreversibly and that the real wage or labor productivity may move procyclically rather than anticyclically. We also elucidate the asymmetric effects of fiscal and monetary policies on the entry of firms and employment.     

OPTIMAL CONSUMPTION AND PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH INCOMPLETE MARKETS AND UPPER AND LOWER BOUND CONSTRAINTS

We study an optimal consumption and portfolio selection problem for an investor by a martingale approach. We assume that time is a discrete and finite horizon, the sample space is finite and the number of securities is smaller than that of the possible securities price vector transitions. the investor is prohibited from investing stocks more (less, respectively) than given upper (lower) bounds at any time, and he maximizes an expected time additive utility function for the consumption process. First we give a set of budget feasibility conditions so that a consumption process is attainable by an admissible portfolio process. Also we state the existence of the unique primal optimal solutions. Next we formulate a dual control problem and establish the duality between primal and dual control problems. Also we show the existence of dual optimal solutions. Finally we consider the computational aspect of dual approach through a simple numerical example.     

论货币与金银货币

关于货币产生过程 ,理论界根据马克思的《资本论》 ,普遍认为应划分为四个阶段 ,把货币阶段与金银货币阶段等同起来 ,认为货币即金银货币。本文提出了新观点 :认为根据有关的资料 ,也可以把货币的产生过程划分为五个阶段 ,不把货币与金银货币划等号 ,认为货币的产生应早于金银货币 ,并阐明了提出以上新观点的依据。     

DEFAULT RISK AND DIVERSIFICATION: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS

Recent advances in the theory of credit risk allow the use of standard term structure machinery for default risk modeling and estimation. The empirical literature in this area often interprets the drift adjustments of the default intensity's diffusion state variables as the only default risk premium. We show that this interpretation implies a restriction on the form of possible default risk premia, which can be justified through exact and approximate notions of "diversifiable default risk." The equivalence between the empirical and martingale default intensities that follows from diversifiable default risk greatly facilitates the pricing and management of credit risk. We emphasize that this is not an equivalence in distribution, and illustrate its importance using credit spread dynamics estimated in Duffee (1999) . We also argue that the assumption of diversifiability is implicitly used in certain existing models of mortgage-backed securities.     

SIMPLE PROCESSES AND THE PRICING AND HEDGING OF CLIQUETS

For data on market prices for 246 cliquets we consider pricing these exotic options using a relatively simple path space. The path space is subsequently stressed to market implied stress levels as well as stress levels predicted from contract characteristics. An additive process transitioning from a Sato process to a Levy process is formulated and estimated on vanilla options. Ask prices constructed from predicted stress levels are observed to have an in sample correlation of 92% with market prices. Interestingly, it is observed that capped cash flows have negative stress levels while uncapped products have positive stress levels. We illustrate the effect of hedging cliquet liabilities using call options as hedging assets permitting a 10% reduction in ask prices.     

INFORMATION AND INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE DEALER AND PRIVATE MARKETS

A competitive equilibrium model of the dealer and private markets is constructed where buyers in the private market obtain some but imperfect information about quality by observing some characteristic of the good while those in the dealer market have perfect information. Under some conditions, there may exist two equilibria. It is shown that one equilibrium is unstable and Pareto inferior to the other. Comparative static analysis are made in the Pareto superior equilibrium to conclude that the size of the dealer market is inversely related to the amount of information about quality contained in the observable characteristic.     

OPTION PRICING AND HEDGING WITH EXECUTION COSTS AND MARKET IMPACT

This paper considers the pricing and hedging of a call option when liquidity matters, that is, either for a large nominal or for an illiquid underlying asset. In practice, as opposed to the classical assumptions of a price‐taking agent in a frictionless market, traders cannot be perfectly hedged because of execution costs and market impact. They indeed face a trade‐off between hedging errors and costs that can be solved by using stochastic optimal control. Our modeling framework, which is inspired by the recent literature on optimal execution, makes it possible to account for both execution costs and the lasting market impact of trades. Prices are obtained through the indifference pricing approach. Numerical examples are provided, along with comparisons to standard methods.     

试析贸易自由与贸易保护理论的分歧及其根源

在当今贸易全球化的大背景下自由贸易理论是主调 ,贸易保护理论也存在现实的市场。世界各国普遍采用和实施既倡导自由又实行某种保护方式的对外贸易政策。文章从自由贸易和贸易保护理论的主要内容及其分歧出发 ,试图从公平与效率这个国际规则的出发点 ,提供一个不同于传统定势的分析视角。