Are Acquisitions Worthwhile? An Empirical Study of the Post-Acquisition Performance of Privately Held Belgian Companies

Few studies have addressed the performance of smaller unquoted companies involved in acquisitions, especially in Continental European countries. Therefore this study addresses the post-acquisition financial characteristics of privately held companies involved in 143 Belgian acquisitions between 1992 and 1994. Specifically, this paper examines the financial performance of the acquiring firm after the acquisition, using statistical analysis of industry-adjusted variables. Our findings show that following the acquisition, the profitability, the solvency and the liquidity of most of the combined companies decline. This decline is also reflected in the failure prediction scores. With respect to the added value, acquisitions are found to be accompanied by increases in the labour productivity, but this is caused by the general improvement of gross added value per employee of Belgian companies in the last 10 years. So it seems that, contrary to the general expectations and beliefs, acquisitions usually do not seem to improve the acquirer’s financial performance. This paper was presented at the European Financial Management Association Conference (June 2001, Lugano, Switzerland) and at the VVE day (October 2001, Diepenbeek, Belgium).     

Social Marketing and Privately Held Companies: The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Romanian Consumers

The notion of corporate social responsibility has evolved into a fairly complex concept that can influence the very world we live in. Today's society is interested not only in companies' financial results but also in the way they conduct their businesses. Corporations everywhere try to respond to new environmental challenges by actively engaging in the life of the community and by developing relationships based on mutual trust with consumers. This article introduces the corporate social responsibility domain by underlining the importance of this concept to the later development of a company. The article denounces the results of research conducted on Romanian consumers regarding corporate social responsibility campaigns undergone by firms in Romania. Its purpose is to bring insight into Romanian consumers' perceptions of recent social campaigns, reviewing the extent to which these consumers are willing to become involved in society's well-being. The survey conducted here attempts to provide answers to issues that concern the companies' involvement type, their purview, the reasons for participating in society's welfare, as well as the social campaigns' most common action areas. The results gathered show that corporate social responsibility is not only a promotion method, but a method that implies the effective involvement in the life of the community and in its subsequent issues, therefore representing a real means of support for the economic development of the community in question. In conclusion, companies must put their social conscience into use when dealing with their clients and stakeholders, by offering solutions to environmental concerns, resource management, mutual aid, and welfare rising from corporate support.     

上市公司成长性的实证研究

上市公司的成长性与广大投资者、公司债权人、证券监管机构等都有着十分密切的关系。从某种意义上来说,公司的利润增长率比其利润本身更为重要。投资于某公司的股票,实际上是投资于公司的未来。因而,上市公司的成长性问题成为证券投资分析理论与实践中的一项十分重要的内容。运用相关分析、回归分析和方差分析等方法对上市公司的成长性与上期多项财务指标的关联性进行了探讨。     

Exchange Rate Exposures and Strategies of Industrial Companies: An Empirical Study

This article investigates empirically the potential and actual exchange rate exposure strategies of industrial companies in relation to identifying and quantifying the neutral financial positions in an optimal hedging strategy. A stock market approach as a potential remedy is analyzed but found to be statistically troublesome and fundamentally flawed. Part of the diversity in actual strategies found in this article reflects different competitive environments, while another part indicates that the companies have not yet reached a systematic risk management of ongoing competitive exposures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

上海市上市公司环境信息披露的实证研究

采用实证研究的方法对上海市144家上市公司的招股说明书和2002-2004年的年度报告进行详细分析、比较,在此基础上对我国上市公司的环境信息披露方面的不足提出几点建议,以加速建立和完善上市公司环境信息披露制度,使我国的环境管理走上科学化、系统化和国际化的正确轨道。     

Cause Related Marketing and Corporate Philanthropy in the Privately Held Enterprise

Owners of businesses represent an interesting case in the study of the intersection of personal and corporate philanthropic values. Because individuals who own businesses have the means and the ability to act on philanthropic motivations through the medium of their businesses, it is interesting to explore the extent to which their corporate contributions to nonprofits are philanthropic in nature or instrumentally motivated, as in the instance of cause related marketing. The trade-offs between cause related marketing and corporate support of nonprofits are complex. Although larger firms are increasing their investments in cause related marketing, the extent of and motivations for adoption of cause related marketing among privately held businesses is less well understood. This study of 478 businesses which are supporters of arts organizations shows that privately held businesses of medium size (300 to 500 employees) are participating in cause related marketing to a significant degree. The adoption rate of cause related marketing is about 40%, and the primary benefits sought are company image enhancement and product marketing support. Adoption of cause related marketing among privately held and smaller enterprises will grow as CEOs exhibit satisfaction with the results of their program, intend to engage in positive word of mouth about it, and plan to allocate more resources to it.     

超额现金持有的上市公司特质研究——对我国制造业上市公司的实证分析

超额持有现金的上市公司具有什么特质呢?以我国制造业329家上市公司2004—2006年的数据为整体样本,通过界定超额现金持有上市公司,将整体样本分成超额现金持有和非超额现金持有两个子样本,从公司治理、财务方面设计变量对两个子样本进行比较分析。实证结果表明,与非超额现金持有公司相比,超额持有现金公司负债比率要低,长期业绩会变差,现金股利支付比率低,而股东保护度和管理费用率不存在显著差异。     

企业专用性人力资本与企业绩效——基于我国上市公司的实证研究

文章利用我国上市公司的数据,以总经理为研究对象,以总经理的企业任期作为企业专用性人力资本的替代变量,研究企业专用性人力资本与企业绩效之间的关系,结果表明：企业专用性人力资本与企业绩效之间呈U型关系,即随着企业专用性人力资本的增加,企业绩效呈现出先下降后上升的态势。因此,为了提高企业的绩效水平,企业应对新雇佣的总经理进行在职培训,采取各种措施激励其进行企业专用性人力资本投资,并保护其投资的准租不被侵占;搭建良好的信息交流平台,减少企业内部的交易成本,以有效缩短总经理与企业之间的磨合期,促进隐性知识的转化与学习。     

股权集中度与企业效率——基于上市公司行业数据的实证研究

本文运用随机前沿分析模型实证分析了不同形式的股权集中方式对企业效率的影响,结果表明,股权集中度对企业效率的提高起到明显的促进作用:就股权集中方式而言,股权向多个大股东集中对企业效率提升的影响比向单个最大股东集中更显著.文章提出,中国企业目前还处于"大股东治理"阶段,政府应着力完善大股东治理的监督机制,保护中小投资者的权益,提高公司治理水平.     

被诉反倾销措施贸易效应的实证分析与比较

在整理全球反倾销案件和数据的基础上,首次统计分析了1995～2008年全球前12个主要被诉国家的案件数、涉案金额、市场份额的分布及显示性比较优势指数等,发现中国成为全球反倾销的首要目标国,反倾销针对的就是出口市场份额高、竞争力强的产品。其后建立动态面板数据模型实证分析贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应。结果表明,肯定结案时存在显著的贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应,但难以判断贸易效应是短期的;否定结案下也存在贸易震慑效应,但影响小于贸易破坏效应。最后考察不同结案对产业竞争力的影响发现,肯定结案对申诉方提高产业竞争力有积极作用,但这种作用随时间递延而衰减。     

对上市公司MBO的实证分析

MBO是当今中国最为热门的话题之一 ,是目前国有资产退出方式的又一新尝试。在中国上市公司MBO中选取了 7家典型性样本公司 ,并从转让方式、定价、资金来源、业绩等方面进行实证分析 ,同时结合国外相关实践进行对比探讨 ,指出中国的MBO与国外盛行的MBO有着本质区别 ,因相应配套环境与措施的不健全 ,上市公司应慎行MBO ,应建设具有中国特色的MBO。     

中国上市公司股权转让市场效应的实证研究

本文研究了中国产权改革背景下控制权市场是否有效的问题。根据2003-2004年深沪A股上市公司的214起大宗股权转让记录,本文采用事项研究法研究了股权转让对公司市场价值的影响,并进一步考察了累积非正常回报率的影响因素。本文研究发现(1)股票市场对大宗股权转让的市场反应显著为正。平均而言,股票价格在转让公告前20个交易日开始上涨至公告后一个交易日,累积非正常回报率约为1.15%;(2)转让的价格越高,向市场传达积极的信号,市场反应越好;(3)控制权转让的公司比那些不转让控制权的公司有着更好的反应。     

我国中部地区上市公司治理结构与公司绩效的实证研究

公司治理与公司绩效之间的关系一直是公司治理研究中一个备受争议的课题,实证研究并未得出一致的结论。本文以我国中部地区上市公司为样本,选择董事会规模、独立董事比例、股权集中度等若干研究变量,对董事会结构与股权结构和公司绩效的关系进行实证分析。研究结果发现独立董事比例、机构投资者持股比例、高管人员持股比例和股权集中度与公司绩效存在正相关关系;董事会规模、国有股比例与公司绩效负相关。     

An Empirical Evaluation of the Corporate Strategies of Nigerian Companies

ABSTRACT

As a result of substantial and contemporary changes in the Nigerian business environment, a study was designed to evaluate the corporate strategies used by Nigerian organizations to cope with these changes. Using the survey research methodology of questionnaire on a sample of 1280 corporate executives working in quoted companies in Lagos state of Nigeria, it was found that some aspects of operationalised grand corporate strategies were highly emphasized by Nigerian organizations, while some were not highly emphasized. For example, market penetration strategy was the most emphasized grand corporate strategy, while planned liquidation strategy was the least emphasized strategy. Also, the research revealed that local competition had the highest impact on corporate strategy, while foreign competition posed the least impact on the corporate strategies of Nigerian companies. Nigerian organizations were most effective in achieving profitability objective through their grand corporate strategies, while corporate social responsibility was the least achieved corporate objective via corporate strategies. These findings and their managerial implications were discussed along the salient issues of the research with respect to the research problem, research questions, relevant literature, managerial actions, and Other cognate issues.     

The Impact of Operational Diversity on Corporate Philanthropy: An Empirical Study of U.S. Companies

This paper investigates the impact of diversity on corporate philanthropy. Compared to previous studies that have considered the influence of board diversity and CEO gender on corporate philanthropy, this study introduces the concept of operational diversity, which is the implementation of diversity programs at management, employee, and supply chain levels, and further, it explains why operational diversity influences corporate philanthropy, by using the premises of resource dependence theory. Second, this study also investigates the influence of board diversity on corporate philanthropy. Third, this study uses a large sample of U.S. firms over the period of 1991–2009 and tries to mitigate possible omitted variables and endogeneity problems that are often overlooked in previous research. We demonstrate that firms with operational diversity programs are likely more dependent on a broad variety of resources and give more to community as a strategic maneuver; hence, operational diversity is a better indicator for predicting future corporate giving than board diversity alone. However, having a woman or a member of a minority as a company’s chief executive officer is not sufficient to impact its charitable giving. A battery of robustness tests support our conclusion and confirm that our results are not driven by a firm’s general corporate social responsibility (CSR) score, gender or independence of board members, or firm ownership. This paper will assist researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders in deepening their understanding of the predictors of corporate giving.     

我国上市公司管理层收购(MBO)绩效的实证研究

本文从管理层收购的角度对我国上市公司绩效进行了实证分析,采用了以财务会计数据为基础的综合评价分析方法来衡量管理层收购前后的业绩变化.通过对13家上市公司MBO绩效的实证分析和与一般企业并购绩效的比较,分析结果表明:至少在短时期内,整体上看上市公司MBO绩效不显著,且MBO相对一般的企业并购整合风险小.     

中国股市上市公司投资价值的实证研究

本文认为,流通股投资净收益率较之市净率、市盈率等指标能更客观地反映我国上市公司现状,更符合我国股市国情;我国股市是一个新兴资本市场,具有特殊性,宏观经济面变化和利率政策效应与二级市场投资收益无关,而利率政策即便有滞后效应也不显著,效果甚微。文章指出,中国股市首先要解决非流通股问题,可以通过上市公司回购、注销非流通股股本,向流通股股东配售,上市公司管理层或其他投资主体认购,向外资出售等方式,出售非流通股;而非流通股向流通股股东配售以及上市公司回购价格应不超过净资产价格的90%,对外资出售或上市公司管理层及其他投资主体认购,原则上不低于净资产的150%。     

我国上市公司股份回购效应分析--兼论股权分置改革背景下回购的作用

我国股票市场成立以来曾发生过多次股份回购事件,本文运用事件研究方法和会计研究法进行实证分析,讨论股份回购对上市公司财富效应、绩效的影响,本文还提出了在股权分置改革背景下对股份回购的一些思考,认为回购对股权分置的解决具有较为实质的辅助作用。     

高管报酬契约与心理契约互补效应研究——基于我国上市公司经验分析

设计出能够对高管实施有效激励的报酬契约,一直被看成解决公司委托--代理矛盾的重要手段.但研究发现高管报酬与公司业绩指标的相关性很低,对高管的报酬激励很难达到预期的效果.随着各学科的相互渗透,心理契约对员工行为的影响开始被关注,心理学被引入到研究中来,高管自愿离职的例证表明,心理契约对高管行为的影响可能甚于报酬激励.文章以我国上市公司为样本进行研究发现,高管报酬契约与心理契约存在互补效应,这为降低企业代理成本提供了启示.重视高管人员的心理契约,将心理契约激励与高管报酬契约结合起来,而不是一味地强调报酬激励,不但可以降低企业支付的高管报酬代理成本,还能激发高管工作的积极性,获取心理契约带来的好处.     

企业社会责任报告与会计信息质量——基于深市上市公司的实证研究

本文以2007-2009年深市A股上市公司为样本,以发布独立社会责任报告表明企业具有相对较强的社会责任感为内在假设,检验其社会责任报告的发布是否与会计准则的遵循即高质量的会计信息相关联。结果发现独立社会责任报告的发布与信息的透明度正相关,但与信息的价值相关性和可靠性没有显著联系。可见企业应切实履行基本的社会责任,提供高质量的会计信息满足利益相关者的需要,监管机构也应尽快通过立法来规范对社会责任报告的审计。