基于制约理论的成本管理模式研究

环境的变化要求相应的成本管理模式发生变革。本文首先分析了环境变化对企业成本管理的影响,之后对作业成本法的管理思想的前提假设进行分析,指出它对于现代企业成本管理的局限性及其产生这些局限性的主要原因。最后,在分析制约理论核心原理的基础上,提出了一种基于制约理论的成本管理模式,试图为研究适应现代企业的成本管理模式提供新的思路。     

现代风险导向审计作业成本定价模型

基于会计师事务所做大做强、服务品质多样化、参与国际审计市场竞争的前提,以作业成本为基础,探讨了现代风险导向审计定价模型问题。研究表明,作业成本法适用于风险导向审计模式下审计服务社会平均成本的核定。作业成本法提供的更为准确的审计成本信息有利于审计定价的科学决策。     

基于作业成本法的物流企业成本控制研究

当前,我国物流企业在成本控制方面还存在诸多问题,针对这些问题,提出可以将作业成本法运用到物流企业的成本控制中,并对作业成本法在物流企业成本控制中的具体应用进行全面介绍,旨在帮助物流企业提升成本管理水平,增强企业可持续发展的能力。     

作业成本法对经营杠杆的影响

本文运用了作业成本法中的成本性态分析对传统的DOL模型进行改进,研究了作业成本法下各成本因素对DOL的影响方向,并分析了两种成本计算基础下DOL的差异。文章的结论是,引入作业成本法的经营杠杆效应分析更为客观、准确,对经营者的决策有较强的指导意义。     

The development of activity-based costing journal literature, 1987-2000

This paper contains an analysis of the activity-based costing (ABC) literature which has been accumulated in the UK and USA accounting journals over the fourteen-year period since the first articles on ABC emerged. This evidence is used both longitudinally and cross-sectionally to gain insights into how ABC started, how it has been communicated, how it has been researched, how it is constituted, how it has generated attention and how it has developed and changed. From the analysis conclusions are drawn on these issues and on the role of academic research when confronted by a new practical innovation of this type.     

第三方物流企业TDABC物流成本核算体系——基于天水物流公司的案例研究

物流成本是第三方物流企业的核心竞争优势,其核算方法创新是管理提升的关键。时间驱动作业成本法（TDABC）对第三方物流企业有较好的适用性,但目前缺乏系统研究。以天水物流公司为例,针对作业成本核算法（ABC）面临的问题,设计TDABC物流成本核算体系,并构建物流成本核算模型。研究表明,此体系及模型能准确反映服务的物流成本,更能显示闲置生产能力成本。     

The ABC-LCA method for the integration of activity-based costing and life cycle assessment

This article presents an approach to integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) into an activity-based costing (ABC) model to develop a steering system that takes into account both financial costs and associated environmental impacts. By combining the formalism of LCA and ABC matrix calculations, we show how impact assessment results can be affiliated with costs to jointly and simultaneously compute the costs and environmental impacts of products and activities. The conditions of integration are developed following the four-step structure of LCA. The proposal is applied to a simplified case study of the ‘Classic Pen Company.’ The developed ABC-LCA approach paves the way for further test applications, which are considered useful in the context of environmental indicators for strategic steering, communication with customers and forecasting or simulation.     

Strategic Decision Making for the Triple Bottom Line

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a mandate for strategic managers and is often an important element of a differentiation strategy, but there is little research on how managers can make socially responsible decisions within the context of competitive strategy. In this study we explain how data envelopment analysis (DEA) results can be used to determine the trade‐offs inherent in managing the triple bottom line of profits, people and the planet. Once the trade‐offs are well understood, managers can implement sustainable competitive strategies that incorporate socially responsible decisions. Using public data from the electric power generation industry, we demonstrate how DEA can be utilized to determine the trade‐offs between efficiency, costs and pollution reduction, allowing managers to make and champion socially responsible decisions. We discuss the general applicability of our method for making strategic decisions incorporating the triple bottom line. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Work-force cutback decisions of Israeli managers: a test of a strategic model

This study investigates the decision-making pattern of managers in the Israeli electronics industry. The purpose of the study is to examine whether decisions regarding work-force cutbacks in this industry follow Greenhalgh, Lawrence and Sutton’s (1988) model of work-force reduction. Their model proposes that such decisions are made incrementally and hierarchically, ranging from lay-offs with no severance pay (the most severe strategy for employees’ well-being), to hiring freeze (the least severe strategy for employees’ well-being). The study hypothesis was that cutback decisions of Israeli managers followed this hierarchy, and that the likelihood of the hierarchical decision- making pattern was increased in groups characterized by non-Israeli national affiliation, public sector affiliation, corporate guaranteed employment policy and employment of temporary labour. It was also hypothesized that these characteristics determined the point at which cutback decisions enter the cutback strategies hierarchy. The results of the present study showed that Israeli managers, unlike their American counterparts, generally have not followed this strategic model. However, in a sub-group analysis it was found that the incremental model was used in those organizations characterized by affiliation with the public sector, by use of temporary labour and by guaranteed employment policy. The only characteristic found significantly to determine the entering point in the cutback hierarchy was sectoralaffiliation. These findings are explained using four different theoretical approaches: (a) downsizing decision making (there is little evidence in literature of rational decision making under conditions of organizational stress); (b) cultural differences (Israeli managers, unlike their American counterparts are characterized by last-minute solutions and improvisations); (c) organizational context (the nature of the high-tech industry studied and its lack of downsizing experience); and (d) organizational politics (strong involvement of government and labour unions in the cutbacks process).     

虚拟企业作业成本管理系统的设计

作业成本法作为一种准确计算、确定生产成本与用户成本的新管理会计方法,已有不少学者撰文探讨它在中国现时环境下应用的可能性、可行性,以及它在某一特定企业中的实际应用。但纵览国内外研究文献,探索虚拟企业环境下,全面供应链管理中作业成本法/作业管理系统的文章尚不多见。为此,本文将在介绍虚拟企业供应链管理的基础上,剖析作业成本法/作业管理的工作原理,并在虚拟企业供应链管理中建立起作业成本计算与管理体系。     

动态环境对ABC的挑战及与TOC整合管理模式的构建

本文从ABC这种管理思想的前提假设出发,分析了动态环境对ABC的挑战。在此基础上,提出了ABC与制约理论(ThetheoryofConstraint,sTOC)相结合的新型管理模式。并将这种整合模式应用于常见的生产决策,将决策结果与ABC进行比较,以说明整合模式的应用及其优越性。     

作业成本法在物流成本管理中的应用分析

作业成本法是适应现代企业而产生的一种成本计算方法。它促使人们对传统成本管理的企业观和成本观进行重新思索,形成了新的企业观和成本观。作业成本法在我国的物流企业成本管理中有重要的应用意义,它是改进企业内部管理的理想选择。     

An Empirical Test of Cognitive Style and Strategic Decision Outcomes*

abstract We examine how cognitive style, as measured by the MBTI, affects strategic decision outcomes. Executives participated in a simulated strategic decision making environment that allowed controlled collection of decision outcomes, including manager decisiveness, decision quality, and perceived effectiveness. We found that iNtuiting/Thinking managers used their intuition to make cognitive leaps based on objective information to craft more decisions of higher quality than other managers. In contrast, Sensing/Feeling types used time to seek socially acceptable decisions, which led to the lowest number of decisions and the lowest perceived effectiveness of all. We found no effect on decisiveness or perceived effectiveness based on a manager's preference for Perceiving or Judging. However, we found that others perceived Extraverted managers as being more effective than Introverted managers when, in fact, the Extraverts were no more decisive than Introverts. Thus, cognitive style influences actual decision outcomes as well as how others perceive one's decision performance.     

作业成本法在集约型物流企业会计成本核算中的应用

主要借助作业成本法来探讨物流业运行程序理论,以A公司为参考案例,对集约型物流企业如何运用作业成本法来进行会计成本核算进行诠释。     

物流中心作业成本通用模型研究

为了实现流通企业物流中心的精细化成本管理,在分析作业成本法原理的基础上,结合流通企业物流中心的业务流程及其生产成本构成特点,本文构建了物流中心作业成本通用模型,并对通用模型中资源池的建立、作业池模型设计、确认成本核算对象、成本动因模型设计四大主要环节的成本核算过程和方法进行了研究和阐述,最后通过实例说明了作业成本法的应用。     

物流企业在ERP系统中实施作业成本法的应用研究

从ERP系统中成本核算和控制的角度出发,探讨了物流企业在ERP系统中实施作业成本法的可行性,并提出ERP系统下利用作业成本法核算产品(服务)成本的基本思路以及具体的实施步骤。     

Activity-based techniques and the death of the beancounter

In a study of eleven medium and large sized companies we found clear evidence that management accountants were seen by operational managers as ‘beancounters’. This term has become common in the literature in recent years and we define a beancounter as, ‘an accountant who produces financial information which is regarded as of little use in efficiently running the business and, as a result, its production has become an end in itself.’ Furthermore many management accountants recognized this image. All of the companies had attempted to implement activity-based techniques and this process had led to a substantial improvement in the beancounter image. We propose three scenarios for the future of activity-based techniques and the management accountants' image as a beancounter. These are based on our understanding of the history of management accounting and trends that have been visible in recent years. Further we suggest the most likely contingent variables which may lead to one or other of the scenarios becoming reality. Some of the scenarios are more likely to occur in the short or medium term, whereas others are long term possibilities. We conclude with our own view on the likely future for activity-based techniques, suggesting that there is a promising future for these techniques in the medium term.     

Low cost country sourcing and its effects on the total cost of ownership structure for a medical devices manufacturer

In this paper, we describe a total cost of ownership (TCO) method as an activity-based costing (ABC) application along the value chain to measure and analyse the costs of international sourcing activities. We further describe the method's implementation for a manufacturer of high-tech medical devices. For this case study, we analyse the effects of shifting purchasing volume from traditional procurement market suppliers to low cost country suppliers on the cost structure of purchasing projects. We find that particularly costs at component and supplier level gain importance over traditionally dominating unit level costs. Furthermore, we identify low cost country sourcing as a decision with extensive impact on value chain entities other than purchasing. Finally, a considerable part of costs in low cost country sourcing accrue at the beginning of a purchasing project due to problems stemming from unsatisfactory initial quality, language barriers and intercultural communication.     

作业成本法在企业物流成本计算中的应用研究

首先对现代企业物流管理以及成本计算的概念以及特点进行简单介绍,然后详细阐述了作业成本的方法论,采用定性与定量的方式对企业物流成本计算中作业成本的具体应用进行研究。