21世纪初世界科技走向及我国科技安全环境研究

论述了当今世界科技发展及其对我国科技安全产生的重要影响；阐述了我国科技安全面临的机遇与挑战；提出了我国科技安全的目标及实现这一目标的建议与对策。     

借世博会契机推进我国高新技术产业发展

就如何借世博会契机推进我国高新技术产业发展从6个方面进行了探讨：推进上海高新技术产业基地建设．发挥其在我国高新技术产业发展中的辐射带动作用；优化上海市及周边地区高新技术产业空间布局；增强我国高新技术产业发展的科技带动力和支撑力；广揽我国高新技术产业发展所需人才，把上海建成全国人才资源高地；推进我国高新技术产业与传统产业、服务业的渗透与融合；以展示“中国研发”为目标，激发高等学校科研院所和社会各界的科技创新活力。     

促进我国民营科技企业发展的几个要素分析

伴随着经济体制改革和科技体制改革，我国民营科技企业也得到了快速发展。但同时普遍存在着认识、管理、融资、服务、人才等方面的问题。解决这些问题的对策是：解放思想，提高认识；强化管理创新，加快现代企业制度建设；大力培育和完善资本市场，建立多元化的投融资体系；建立和完善社会服务体系；制定和实施人才培养战略，加快人才培养步伐，进而推动我国民营科技企业可持续发展。     

“双碳”目标下金融科技的碳减排效应与绿色政策的调节作用研究

基于“双碳”目标约束和金融科技赋能高质量发展的时代背景下，研究金融科技的碳减排效应具有重要的现实意义。本文采用我国2011-2019年地级市面板数据，考察了金融科技的减排作用与绿色政策的调节作用。研究发现金融科技可以降低城市的碳排放强度，且呈显著的地域异质性，该结论在内生性及稳健性检验后依然成立；机制检验显示，金融科技通过促进企业创新、推动绿色金融发展助力城市减排；进一步分析发现，绿色政策的试点与环境目标的约束均对金融科技的减排作用存在正向调节作用。以上结论为如何利用金融科技与政策工具服务“双碳”目标、推进节能减排提供了有益启示。     

湖南发展高校科技产业的定位与对策研究

本文在分析湖南省高校科技企业发展现状和高校科技企业实施产业化可行性的基础上，阐述如何有效利用湖南高校的优势学科来发展高校科技产业，加强对传统产业进行合理改造，带动湖南各产业部门的发展，以形成新的经济增长点，并指出了湖南发展高校科技产业的模式和对策。     

新发展格局下我国科技创新体系的适配性与路径研究

在新发展格局中如何优化我国科技创新体系问题越发重要。以新发展格局内涵和实现路径分析为基础，通过经济双循环和科技创新体系的基本逻辑，刻画其理论模型，总结新发展格局下经济体系在供给和需求端的变化以及科技创新体系在提出问题和解决问题面临的关键变化，进而在经济双循环与科技创新体系之间建立适配模型，将经济双循环中的关键变化与科技创新体系联动整合，探究经济双循环中供给和需求端的变化对科技创新体系中提出问题和解决问题带来的机遇和挑战，进一步明确新发展格局中科技创新体系潜在风险和机会，提出以创新模式加强国际合作、拓宽获取提出创新问题渠道、提升前沿科学问题解决能力以及调整科技创新体系结构等若干优化建议和对策。     

多元创新科技兴市

本文主要从提升传统优势产业，加快科技创新平台建设；构建科技创新体系，实施新兴产业培育工程；强化知识产权战略工程，实施科技项目带动；加强农业科技创新，提升信息化应用水平四个方面来阐述如何“多元创新科技兴市”。     

新形势下发展高校科技工作的对策建议

如何抓住机遇,发展高校和科技工作,是值理我们关注的一个重要问题。提出了发展高样科技工作的若干对策建议。     

论科技创新与经济进步的互动关系

科技创新与经济进步，是相互依存、相互促进和互为因果的有机整体。科技创新通过对生产力、生产方式、经济制度和思想观念的影响．促进社会经济进步；经济进步叉为科技创新所需要的动力、机制、物质基础和人才培养创造了条件。关键是如何促使两者互动关系的良性发展。     

创新驱动背景下实现中国科技金融突破性发展的制度安排及政策建议

以实现中国科技金融突破性发展的制度安排为出发点，通过多维度对比研究发达国家和地区科技企业、政府部门在促进科技资源与金融要素深度结合方面所取得的重要经验，针对中国科技金融服务市场、产品体系的现状与问题，提出如下制度创新与政策建议：一是积极发挥“看得见的手”的引导功能，完善科技金融创新生态环境；二是突破固有的金融服务思维，促进直接融资市场的深度发展；三是以市场化机制为导向，创新科技金融产品设计；四是进一步推进科技金融复合型人才培养方式创新；五是借助自贸区建设，创新科技金融服务模式。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.     

Comparisons of the structure and infrastructure of Chinese and Indian Science and Technology

A comparison was made of the research output literatures of India and China. Both bibliometric and computational linguistics approaches were used in the comparison. China has rapidly outpaced India in both volume and citation performance of publications. China's rapid publication growth rate over the past two decades is continuing, while India's is re-starting after a relatively dormant period of almost two decades.