中美企业营销比较研究

随着世界经济一体化和我国加入世贸组织,我国企业面对的竞争对手不仅是国内企业而且还有更多来自发达国家的先进企业,这些发达国家尤其是美国的营销观念、营销方式、营销策略比较成熟,而且不断的发展、创新,影响着整个世界的市场营销发展趋势。因此,进行中美营销比较研究是非常     

农产品绿色贸易壁垒的影响及对策探析

发达国家的绿色壁垒对发展中国家的农产品销售企业已造成巨大冲击,如何应对绿色壁垒的影响是农产品出口国家面临的重大课题。本文在分析绿色壁垒产生的主要原因和主要影响的基础上,从战略层面对我国应对绿色壁垒提出了对策建议。     

从绿色壁垒的形成机理看我国农产品出口对策

随着世界贸易自由化的进程,我国农产品正越来越多的参与到国际竞争中去。发达国家纷纷通过贸易技术壁垒来维护本国的经济利益,其中,绿色壁垒正成为21世纪我国出口贸易的最大障碍,农产品在国际市场上遇到的绿色壁垒将与日俱增。要在激烈的国际竞争中立于不败之地,必须采取各种措施,积极应对绿色壁垒。     

茶叶出口中的绿色壁垒与对策

在茶叶国际贸易中,绿色壁垒已经逐渐发展成为主要的非关税壁垒之一。本文阐述了绿色壁垒的概念、形式,分析了我国茶叶出口中所遭遇的农药残留和发达国家的复杂技术标准、法规、评定程序等,绿色壁垒对我国茶叶竞争力和出口数量及金额的影响,从五个方面提出我国如何突破绿色壁垒的政策和建议。     

绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

随着经济全球化浪潮的兴起和贸易自由化趋势的发展，以及进口关税税率的不断递减，各国贸易壁垒的种类和形式发生了变化，绿色壁垒作为贸易保护主义的一种新形势应运而生，并具有愈演愈烈之势。我国已经加入世贸组织，对外贸易必须与世界经济接轨，加强绿色壁垒对我国外贸影响的研究已显得尤为重要。     

从绿色壁垒谈兵团的绿色食品发展

近年来，随着世界经济一体化的加深和各国对环境保护问题的日益重视，一种新的贸易保护措施一绿色壁垒已经形成，并对世界贸易产生了重大影响。各国绿色壁垒已使我国出口的产品频频被国际市场封杀。面对绿色壁垒的挑战，兵团农产品如何在保证总量平衡的基础上，突出质量和效益，以发展绿色食品为目标，向多样化、高品质、安全性方向转变，增加兵团农产品的国际国内竞争力，     

农产品绿色营销的问题与对策

绿色营销是指以促进可持续发展为目标，为实现经济利益、消费需求和环境利益的统一，市场主体根据科学性和规范性的原则，通过有目的、有计划地开发，以及同其他市场主体交换产品价值来满足市场需求的一种管理过程。目前，在世界范围内，农产品绿色营销观念日益受到重视，绿色营销实践不断向纵深发展，有力地推动着可持续发展战略的实施，促进农产品突破“绿色壁垒”赢得竞争优势；而国内农产品生产企业经营思想落后，环保意识淡薄的问题仍很突出，正面对着巨大的“绿色”挑战。     

试论"绿色壁垒"下的中国茶叶出口

近年来，越来越多的的国家尤其是发达国家使用绿色壁垒作为新的贸易保护措施，对中国的商品出口贸易产生了不利的影响，本文以中国的茶叶出口为例，剖析中国茶叶出口目前存在的问题及背后的原因，从政府、行业、企业三个层面上提出了应对国外绿色壁垒的措旋和方法，对未来茶叶出口的走势做了大胆的预测。     

绿色贸易壁垒与我国外贸出口对策

发达国家为了保护本国产业,纷纷出台了各种各样的绿色壁垒。我国加入W TO后,发达国家以前的各种关税和非关税壁垒对我们的出口贸易不再起作用,但其绿色壁垒却仍然对我们伤害不浅,且日渐加剧。事实上,加入W TO后,绿色壁垒对我国外贸出口的影响比加入世贸组织前更为严重。美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等国家和地区对我国的出口商品制定了更加严格的技术标准。绿色壁垒已上升为我国加入世贸组织后产品出口面临的最大障碍。一、绿色壁垒发展的最新特点自绿色壁垒产生以来,国际贸易中生态环境保护标准地位不断上升,出于生态环境保护要求的市场准入…     

企业国际化经营的“内功修炼”

目前我国正处在全面建设工业化社会的时期，而世界发达国家均已进入了新经济时代。因此我国要缩短与发达国家的差距，就必须以全球经济为引擎，积极融入世界经济，以此为契机加速工业化的步伐，积极准备步入新经济时代。在目前形势下，中国企业要想快速发展，就要不断地“修炼内功”。     

Grain Marketing in Africa Under Conditions of Structural Adjustment

Agricultural marketing privatization has been a central feature of recent structural adjustment recommendations. This paper discusses approaches to the privatization of grain marketing and examines, in particular, possible future roles for state grain marketing agencies under a liberalized system. Steps which could be taken by governments to facilitate the introduction of new marketing policies are identified.     

Viral Marketing in the Food Industry: Canada vs. Serbia

The authors explore the application of viral marketing in the food industry in Canada (as a representative of a high-income country) vs. Serbia (a middle-income country). A theoretical background on the scope of viral marketing is given at the beginning. The initial secondary research pointed out that there was a great number of viral marketing campaigns in the food industry, in both high- and middle-income countries. The primary research showed a high degree of use of viral marketing in the food industry in general, as well as a number of similarities between the two countries. Positive experiences with viral marketing in the food industry were far more common than negative experiences. Most marketing professionals, in both countries, believed that a viral marketing program would benefit their company, and they planned to run a viral marketing campaign again in the future.     

威海市海参终端营销模式问题研究

威海凭着资源区位优势快速发展,其中海参市场的发展成为其重要的推动力量。越来越多的经营者意识到海参作为一种高档消费品正在逐步得到人们的青睐。这就引发了海参市场尤其是终端营销环节的相互竞争。海参的终端经营者该如何在竞争中提高产品占有率,已经成为人们所关注的问题。通过分析消费者和商家的调查问卷数据,发现威海海参市场终端营销模式的发展具有明显优势,但也存在发展瓶颈。因此,需要通过创新海参终端营销模式,同时改进完善现有终端营销模式的管理和服务,以推进威海海参终端营销模式体系的良性发展。     

林区绿色食品营销策略研究

本文站在林区绿色食品生产企业的角度,结合林区特点,研究发展林区绿色食品最佳的营销策略,探究绿色食品企业如何在现有的市场条件下提升其竞争力,促使绿色食品快速有效的流通,从而实现促进林区经济快速、持续发展的战略目标,提出在市场竞争中实施关系营销取得政策支持和以绿色科技创新为依托的营销策略是突破林区绿色食品发展瓶颈的有效途径。     

浅议森林公园的营销策略——以神农谷国家森林公园为例

以湖南株洲神农谷国家森林公园为例,分析旅游营销中旅游形象推广、服务营销、互联网营销、营销整合等方面存在的问题;从突出形象营销、提高旅游工作人员的整体素质、树立服务营销理念、建立良好的服务体系和高效优质的网站以及开展网络促销、构建良好的电子商务平台和资源整合、营销策略整合等方面,提出完善和改进神农谷国家森林公园的营销对策。     

关于地勘单位开展网络营销的思考

文章指出 ,在经济全球化、信息化的今天 ,网络经济作为全球经济的重要组成部分 ,显得越来越重要。文章从地勘单位实施网络营销的策略 ,应遵循的原则 ,以及应注意的几个问题等三个方面 ,论述了地勘单位应如何开展网络营销 ,以促进地勘经济超常规跨越式发展。     

The Challenges of Organic Production and Marketing in Europe and Spain: Innovative Marketing for the Future With Quality and Safe Food Products

In this work the actual situation of organic production and marketing in Spain is explained, studying and analyzing their evolution in the last decade of previous the century and in the first years of the new millennium. In Spain, organic production began in the 1970s with pioneers in Catalonia, Murcia Region, and other zones. It was in the 1990s when was observed a great increase in organic surfaces. A very interesting and critical date is that at the moment, more than 80% of organic products are being exported to other European countries, United States, and other foreign markets, and it is necessary to find new marketing strategies and innovations to structure the organic market, give new information to consumers, improve investments in the relation between retailers and consumers, and improve the perception of the utilities of these products. In some countries, as is the case of Spain, the consumers don't have enough information about the characteristics of organic products, organic food, and organic production methodologies. They must have all the information about the benefits of organic production methodologies and their implications in environmental conservation, biodiversity protection, food quality and safety, and this task must be provided by the new marketing strategies and actions.     

森林公园营销探讨

本文以郊野型森林公园为例,探讨森林公园的营销工作。提出以社会营销观念指导森林公园的经营与管理,要在了解游客需求、正确认识森林旅游区的优势与郊野型森林公园特殊性的基础上进行开发利用,以城市居民为主要目标市场,在价格制定上以低价为指导,并依游客的不同分类制定价格;强化森林公园内部管理,提供优质服务,加大宣传促销力度,培育森林旅游市场,不断拓宽销售渠道,扩大森林公园游客,关心游客整个游程,加强与相关单位合作,使游客乘兴而来,满意而归。     

Trade Liberalization,State Trader Management Tenure,and Grain Pricing in Botswana

This article examines how trade liberalization and grain marketing board management tenure influenced grain pricing in Botswana. Regression analyses of nominal protection rates (NPRs) and marketing margins (MMs) are used to test the hypothesis that policy reforms influenced grain pricing in the country. Moreover, a comparison of NPRs is undertaken to determine whether management tenure has had an influence on grain pricing. The results indicate that the marketing board switched from taxing to subsidizing consumers following the 1991 policy reform from food self-sufficiency to food security. A reversal occurred after the board's 1997 restructuring, which involved, among other things, closing down Botswana Agricultural Marketing Board's (BAMB's) loss-making units and a change in the composition of BAMB's board of directors. Management tenure at BAMB also had an influence on grain pricing. The period 1989–1997, in particular, was characterized by high consumer subsidization, highest marketing margins, and lowest profits. This could have been avoided had management adopted pricing regime consistent with public policy. This notwithstanding, perennial losses experienced by the marketing board also resulted from fragmented production and low producer market participation.