个人住房抵押贷款违约风险跃迁概率研究

巴塞尔新资本协议提出针对个人住房抵押贷款可采用内部评级高级法评估其风险,在满足某些最低条件和披露要求的前提下,商业银行可根据自己对个人住房抵押贷款违约概率、违约损失率、违约风险暴露和期限等要素的估计值确定相应的资本要求。本文提出将风险跃迁概率引入到对个人住房抵押贷款提前还款-违约概率的定量估计中。借助逻辑斯特模型,本文将这一概念实际运用到对个人住房抵押贷款微观数据的分析当中,得到的实证研究结论包括借款人历史还款状态可以作为表征其未来还款状态的重要指标,贷龄与借款人还款状态的跃迁概率显著相关等。     

突发事件视角下我国商业银行个人住房抵押贷款违约风险研究

文章基于H商业银行2001年1月至2021年4月的个人住房抵押贷款数据,探讨在房地产调控政策趋严的宏观背景下,突发事件对商业银行个人住房抵押贷款违约率的影响情况,进一步研究突发事件影响下不同职业借款人违约风险的变化情况。研究发现,一方面,突发事件导致商业银行个人住房抵押贷款的违约风险显著上升;另一方面,在突发事件的影响下,不同所有制企业的职工个人住房抵押贷款违约风险有所差异,工作单位性质为民营企业及个体工商户的借款人违约风险>工作单位性质为国有企业的借款人违约风险>工作单位性质为事业单位的借款人违约风险。H商业银行2001年1月至2021年4月的个人住房抵押贷款数据回归分析结果支持以上结论。     

我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险研究——以上海某商业银行实证分析为例

美国次贷危机升级为全球性的金融危机,使得我国商业银行的个人住房抵押贷款违约风险也引起广泛关注。本文利用商业银行历史放贷数据,运用描述性统计分析、因子分析、判别分析和Logistic回归等方法对该问题进行定量的实证研究,发现我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险尚属可控范围,建议银行加强金融监管,建立相应评估体系并及时更新模型数据,顺应市场变化。     

我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险根源剖析与治理

随着个人住房抵押贷款余额在银行信贷资产中所占份额的快速上升，个人住房抵押贷款违约风险日益成为人们关注和研究的焦点。从银行角度看，导致个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的发生既有经济社会层面的原因，又有微观层面的原因。通过探讨我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的表现形式及其形成根源，提出了治理我国个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的一个总体框架。     

个人住房抵押贷款违约风险影响因素:一个文献综述

文章对个人住房抵押贷款违约风险影响因素的文献进行了一个梳理和回顾,发现影响个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的因素总体上可以分为微观个体特征因素和外部宏观经济因素.个体特征可以区分出哪类借款人具有更高违约风险,外部宏观特征决定了借款人在哪些时间段和条件下具有更高违约风险.在个体特征方面,贷款价值比(LTV)、年龄、居住区域、还款方式、家庭收入、月还款额占家庭收入比例和住房面积等都是影响违约风险的重要因素;从外部宏观层面来看,房价变化、利率水平、季节等都是影响违约风险的重要因素.     

不同首付比率下住房抵押贷款违约率的测算研究

迄今为止,我国个人住房抵押贷款的不良率在1%左右,是商业银行不良贷款率最低的信贷业务。按照国际经验,个人住房抵押贷款的风险暴露期为3至8年。随着我国个人住房抵押贷款业务的发展,不良贷款率和违约率呈上升趋势,个人住房贷款的违约问题已经成为银行界关注的焦点。违约概率的测度方法主要有:基于内部信用评级历史资料的测度方法;基于期权定价理论的测度方法;基于保险精算的测度方法;基于风险中性市场     

浅谈个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的防范——以西双版纳为例

随着我国社会经济和居民收入的不断增长,贷款需求也在不断增大。但是在个人住房抵押贷款规模不断扩大的形势下,相应的违约风险防范机制却没有健全完善,导致了个人住房抵押贷款违约风险的扩大化。因此本文以西双版纳为例,通过对个人住房抵押贷款风险状况的分析,提出了防范违约风险的具体策略,以期在和广大同行交流的同时,促进个人住房抵押贷款市场的良好发展。     

金融危机背景下南京城镇居民住房租买选择研究——基于个人住房抵押贷款机制的影响

本次全球金融危机的祸根是美国次级个人住房抵押贷款及其金融衍生物,而根本原因是美国个人住房抵押贷款机制对居民住房租买选择的过度金融支持。因此,本文从个人住房抵押贷款机制对居民住房租买选择影响的角度分析,选择南京市住宅市场作为实证研究样本,探讨两者之间的影响机理及改进措施。     

个人住房贷款信用风险管理实证研究--Merton模型在信用评估中的应用

本文应用Merton模型的分析框架,提出了一个度量个人住房消费信贷信用风险的指标体系,并对影响这一体系的经济因素进行了多元回归分析。研究表明：(1)在住房价格波动率、贷款与住房价值比例、无风险利率和贷款期限四大因素中,无风险利率和贷款期限是影响信用风险的主要因素;(2)住房价格波动率、贷款与住房价值比例与信用风险呈正相关的关系,而无风险利率与信用风险呈负相关关系;(3)贷款年限对违约风险的影响比较复杂,并不是简单的单调递增或单调递减关系。故银行在提供个人住房抵押贷款时应综合考虑各种因素,以实现收益和风险的合理分布。     

个人住房抵押贷款被动违约因子探析

个人住房抵押贷款被动违约是基于借款人发生财务困难等原因,导致无法按期支付住房抵押贷款而被银行收回房产的违约行为。本文采用问卷调查的方式,设计了个人收入降低、家庭支出增加、国家意外事件、个人意外事件、贷款特征、住房特征等六个因子,并利用SPSS社会科学统计软件包和LISREL8.53进行数据分析．从而探析各因子对个人住房抵押贷款被动违约风险的影响程度。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.