关于建立证券投资者赔偿基金的制度构想

投资者权益保护,是衡量一个国家资本市场可持续性发展的重要指标,而如何保护投资者,尤其是中小投资者的合法权益,也已经成为当前世界各国普遍研究的热点问题。在我国,由于证券市场在发展过程中存在的一些缺陷,致使投资者权益并未得到应有的重视和足够的保护。笔者从保护投资者权益的角度切入,提出建立证券投资者赔偿基金的建议,并从证券投资者赔偿基金制度的科学内涵及特征入手,分析了建立该制度的紧迫性,并且参照美国及加拿大魁北克省的相关经验,提出了我国建立证券投资者赔偿基金的制度构想。     

标准的投资者保护制度和替代性投资者保护制度：一个概念性分析框架

基于在标准的投资者保护制度和替代性投资者保护制度之间做出的区分,本文提出了一个概念性分析框架,并对国有股权的制度安排在中国股票市场发展中的作用进行了初步的解释。标准的投资者保护制度——市场、法律和管制——固然重要,但是对于转轨国家而言,由于缺乏支撑标准的投资者保护制度运转的制度资源,利用替代性的投资者保护制度对于股票市场的早期发展就是至关重要的。     

关于建立证券投资者赔偿基金的制度构想

投资者权益保护,是衡量一个国家资本市场可持续性发展的重要指标,而如何保护投资者,尤其是中小投资者的合法权益,也已经成为当前世界各国普遍研究的热点问题。在我国,由于证券市场在发展过程中存在的一些缺陷,致使投资者权益并未得到应有的重视和足够的保护。笔者从保护投资者权益的角度切入,提出建立证券投资者赔偿基金的建议,并从证券投资者赔偿基金制度的科学内涵及特征入手,分析了建立该制度的紧迫性,并且参照美国及加拿大魁北克省的相关经验,提出了我国建立证券投资者赔偿基金的制度构想。     

中国保险业产权制度创新研究

本文从中国保险业产权制度变迁历史出发,运用制度经济学理论,在概括出中国保险产权制度变迁的特征和存在问题的基础上,提出引入战略投资者、化解产权变革与公共物品供需矛盾及设计投资者退出机制等中国保险产权制度创新构想。     

海外投资者保护基金制度及借鉴

保护投资者尤其是保护中小投资者,是证券市场监管的核心内容,也是证券市场健康运行的基础.国际上,证券投资者保护机制已经有30多年的运行经验,很多方面值得我们借鉴.本文从法律框架、组织模式、资金来源、赔偿机制、运作情况等方面,对国际上主要国家和地区的证券投资者保护基金制度进行了比较,并结合我国证券市场特征,对我国证券投资者保护制度的建立和完善提出若干建议.     

证券市场先行赔付制度的法律构造——以投资者保护基金为中心

2013年万福生科虚假陈述案开创了保荐机构先行赔付投资者之先河。证券市场先行赔付制度的引入及其法律构造,因应了投资者保护的市场化逻辑和法治化逻辑。投资者保护基金是在防范和处置证券公司风险中用于保护投资者利益的资金,以投资者保护基金为中心构建先行赔付制度具有理论上的合理性和实践上的可行性。为此,有必要从资金筹集、基金用途、赔偿机制和代位求偿等方面完善投资者保护基金制度,并在此基础上构建我国证券市场先行赔付制度。     

从制度经济学角度看中国保险制度变迁的初始条件

本文从中国保险业发展的现实状况出发,运用制度经济学关于制度变迁的理论,从外部环境、市场基础和企业制度三个层面,概括出中国保险制度变迁的初始条件。     

我国投资者保护立法现状研究

健全的投资者保护制度是促进证券市场持续健康发展之基。我国立法与司法实践逐步彰显出对投资者保护的重视。就立法而言,我国基本建立了投资者保护立法体系,具体包括宪法法律制度、公司法律制度、证券法律制度、中介机构法律制度以及行政法规与部门规章。     

论中国机构投资者发展的制度创新

从新制度经济学而言,制度决定行为,行为决定绩效。机构投资者本身就是一种制度安排,会对资本市场和国民经济产生或正或负的外部性。要想发挥机构投资者的积极作用,必须完善其相关制度安排,并通过健全的制度安排约束和规制其行为。首先需要创建有效的制度环境,如:推进制度变迁,改善制度非均衡的程度;完善资本市场的制度安排;完善股市的进化机制;建立健全社会信用制度体系;建立健全机构投资者的评级体系。其次需要改进机构投资者的制度安排,如适度放宽对机构投资者设立、入市等方面的限制;完善机构投资者的产权结构和治理结构;建立机构投资者之间的公平竞争机制。     

论中国机构投资者发展的制度创新

从新制度经济学而言,制度决定行为,行为决定绩效。机构投资者本身就是一种制度安排,会对资本市场和国民经济产生或正或负的外部性。要想发挥机构投资者的积极作用,必须完善其相关制度安排,并通过健全的制度安排约束和规制其行为。首先需要创建有效的制度环境,如:推进制度变迁,改善制度非均衡的程度;完善资本市场的制度安排;完善股市的进化机制;建立健全社会信用制度体系;建立健全机构投资者的评级体系。其次需要改进机构投资者的制度安排,如适度放宽对机构投资者设立、入市等方面的限制;完善机构投资者的产权结构和治理结构;建立机构投资者之间的公平竞争机制。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.