中国证券市场交易机制改革策略

流动性作为衡量市场质量的一个重要指标，市场微观结构的变化会对市场流动性的变化产生重要的影响。而交易机制则是中国股票市场微观结构的重点研究对象，也是中国股票市场微观结构改革的重点，是中国加入WTO后迎接全球证券市场流动性竞争的决定性因素。中国证券市场交易系统的一大特点就是交易的高度无形化和电子化。随着电脑交易网络的不断扩展，深圳证券交易所和上海证券交易所形成了一个跨场所、跨区域的全国性的证券市场。     

国外资本市场系列介绍之一美国的证券市场

美国的证券市场,按照是否在交易大厅内进行有组织的竞价交易,分为交易所和场外交易两个类别.交易所又分为全国性和地方性两种.场外交易又叫柜台交易(简称OTC),没有固定的交易场所,是那些达不到在交易所挂牌交易标准的公司股票,在店头柜台进行交易流通.现在OTC市场也分为全国性市场和"柜台交易公告栏"(简称OTCBB)以及粉红单市场(Pink Sheets)等.     

放开证券场外交易市场的必要性

证券股票场外交易市场,有人误解为黑市交易市场.往往有人把立交桥下、商店茶馆、马路旁边私下交易证券、股票说成是场外交易市场.其实,场外交易市场是针对公开上市交易证券股票的有型、联网、设点交易的市场而言的.如上海、深圳证券交易所,北京STAQ、NET法人股交易系统,在全国范围内设点交易,形成有型、联网的网络交易系统,成为全国性交易市场.而场外交易市场是指由证券经营机构单独或共同设立的非集中地进行证券交易的场所.如证券交易中心、报价中心、柜台交易或转让的场所.它的特点是松散型,自律性较强,灵活性较大,场所分散;投资者多,成交活跃.在国外称之为”垫头市场”.鉴于我国证券、股票行业兴起较晚,管理经验不足,法规不健全,因此控制较严,一直未能放开.而冷静客观地看,场外交易市场已经悄悄地打开了门,这是“黄灯下绕道走”、“摸着石头过河”的产物.是顺其自然,任其发展,还是放开市场,规范管理,使其健康发展呢?笔者持后     

美国的证券市场

美国的证券市场，按照是否在交易大厅内进行有组织的竞价交易，分为交易所和场外交易两个类别：交易所又分为全国性和地方性两种。场外交易又叫柜台交易（简称OTC），没有固定的交易场所．是那些达不到在交易新挂牌交易标准的公司股票．在店头柜台进行交易流通。现在OTC市场也分为全国性市场和“柜台交易公告栏”（简称OTCBB）以及粉红单市场（Pink Sheets）等。     

我国资本市场制度变迁路径与发展多层次资本市场的关系

一、我国证券市场的发展与发达国家证券市场变迁过程的比较 从咖啡馆的私下交易到店头市场交易,逐步发展到华尔街证券交易所的公开交易;从自由放任交易,到政府制定市场交易规则下的规范交易;"看不见的手"和"看得见的手"在总结经验和吸取教训的过程中交替使用,发达资本主义国家的证券市场经历了几百年的历史变迁,集中的交易场所和分散的场外交易市场一同成为资本市场依法存在的不同层次.     

深圳证券市场交易和清算交收体系存在的问题及对策

<正> 证券市场高效、安全地运作,依赖于一个完善的交易系统和一个健全的交收系统。交易交收系统直接影响到投资者的信心和市场的吸引力,影响到证券市场的地位和作用。深圳证券市场的交易及清算交收体系从最初分散的柜台交易交收发展到现在的由交易所、登记公司、证券商三位一体,相互配合、相互制约的电脑化交易交收只用了几年的时间。隨着市场的扩大,尤其是异地证券商、上市公司、投资者的涌人和B股市场的国际化,现有交易交收体系的某些环节已不适应深圳股市的进一步发展,这些问题应当引起我们的重视。本文拟对此作一探讨。一、深圳证券市场的交易交收现状及存在的问题深圳证券市场的交易和交收是相对独立的两个系统。交易     

什么是“新三板”

新三板原本是业界对"中关村科技园区非上市股份有限公司代办股份报价转让系统"的俗称。2006年初,为了给高科技成长型企业提供更多股份交易的机会,这一系统在北京中关村科技园区建立。在证券市场中,沪深两市主板及深市中小板常被称为一板市场;2009年10月开市的深交所创业板则被称为二板市场。这两个市场因为都在交易所内交易,所以又被称为场内交易。而在交易所场外进行交易的市场就被称为三板市场。     

建设场外交易市场的若干问题

目前中国场外交易市场是以两种方式出现的,具有"双轨制"特征.一是在代办股份转让系统内有部分股份有限公司进行主板市场以外的场外市场交易;二是托管在各地的股权登记托管中心、产权交易所的大量的股份有限公司的股权场外市场交易.     

我国证券场外交易市场发展模式探析

本文通过对"三板"市场现状的分析,提出了发展我国证券场外交易市场的初步构想及促使其功能完善的制度设计.我国证券场外交易市场问题的解决,实际上是要解决非上市公众公司发行,流通与交易问题,核心是要建立规范有序、公正透明的场外交易场所,在此基础上,建立新的场外交易场所或完成与交易所市场的对接.     

无缝隙的美国证券市场体系

<正>大体上,美国证券市场分为两大板块：交易所市场(Stock Exchange)和场外交易市场(OTC市场)。前者的典型代表是纽约证券交易所(NYSE)和美国证券交易所(AMEX),距今已有200多年的历史。它们有一个集中交易的大厅,采用竞价制度。     

Chinese Economy and Excess Liquidity

This paper considers five indicators of excess liquidity to verify its existence in China. Based on the analysis, we argue that the People＇s Bank of China and other banks in China are responsible for the excess liquidity in China. Other factors, such as the excess savings resulting from the poor social security network, the asset bubble and the foreign exchange system, fuel banks with abundant liquidity. To tackle the problem of excess liquidity and direct capital into productive sectors, the traditional use of monetary policy alone is not sufficient. The semi-administrative tool ＂window guidance＂ and other macroeconomic control methods are required.     

双重身份的困扰:贸易“大国”和金融“小国”

本文基于宏观经济学的基本原理揭示了今天中国货币流动性过剩的根本原因在于对外经济依存的经济结构这一问题的本质,同时阐明了目前还处于金融小国阶段的中国经济对改变目前这种现状的艰难性和受这种现状冲击的危害性。在比较了三种可选择的方案后,论文提出了和谐的国内经济结构调整和金融、汇率制度改革应先于资本账户开放的战略。     

Exchange Rate Volatility and Productivity Growth: The Role of Liability Dollarization

This paper studies how liability dollarization conditions the effect of exchange rate flexibility on growth. It develops a model with credit-constrained firms facing liquidity shocks denominated in tradables while their revenues are both in tradable and nontradables. With frictions in the reallocation between tradables and nontradables, a peg is more growth-enhancing than a float in countries with dollarized debt because it stabilizes firms?? cash flows and therefore allows them to face liquidity shock and complete their innovation process. However, this relative advantage diminishes when dollarization decreases. These theoretical predictions are confirmed by an empirical analysis on a panel of 76 countries spanning 1995?C2004: the higher the degree of dollarization, the more negative the impact of exchange rate flexibility on growth. The empirical results are robust to various specifications and to the treatment of endogeneity.     

外汇储备、外汇占款与流动性过剩:基于“三元悖论”的实证分析

流动性过剩是近年来我国经济发展中凸现出来的经济现象.文章从理论与实证两方面分析外汇储备对我国基础货币投放的影响,得出我国流动性过剩与现行汇率制度和外汇管理体制下国际收支双顺差所带来的外汇占款之间存在着密切的相关性,是造成流动性过剩的主要原因.因此,我国要彻底解决流动性过剩问题必须要深化汇率形成机制和外汇管理体制改革.     

Identifying the Liquidity Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks for a Small Open Economy: Turkey

This paper proposes a new liquidity measure for a small open economy. The new measure includes the net liquidity provided to the system by a central bank after accounting for the central bank’s involvement in the foreign exchange market. Empirical evidence gathered from Turkey suggests that a positive innovation in liquidity increases output temporarily and that its effect on prices, exchange rate and money are permanently higher.     

A role model for China? Exchange rate flexibility and monetary policy in Japan

A substantial number of papers have proposed to allow for more exchange rate flexibility of the Chinese yuan. But few papers have tried to project how Chinese monetary policy will behave under flexible exchange rates. As Japan provides an important role model for China, this paper studies the role of the yen/dollar exchange rate for Japanese monetary policy after the shift of Japan from a fixed to a floating exchange rate regime. In contrast to prior studies, we allow for regime shifts in the impact of the exchange rate on monetary policy. The results show that the exchange rate had a substantial impact on Japanese monetary policy in periods of appreciation. This implies that repeated attempts to soften the appreciation pressure by interest rate cuts have led Japan into the liquidity trap. The economic policy conclusion for China is to keep the exchange rate pegged (to the dollar).     

Keynes and the International Monetary System revisited (a contextual and conjectural essay)

This paper attempts to answer the question: How would Keynes have viewed and reacted to the principal contemporary international monetary issues, namely, the framework of management, liquidity, the exchange rate regime, the adjustment mechanism, and the problem of developing countries? Keynes would arguably have favored a variant of crawling pegs rather than free floats for exchange rates, and a symmetrical (compulsory) adjustment mechanism for surplus as well as debtor countries, but would have been averse to the SDR link while welcoming the flexibility of the International Monetary Fund in meeting the requirements of developing countries consistently with the uniform treatment of all members.     

流动性风险和市场风险相依性下期货动态风险研究

文章从期货品种的流动性和合约的流动性视角出发,采用了一种新的综合性流动性指标L’,考虑流动性风险与市场风险的相关性,将流动性风险纳入GARCH—VaR模型中,并应用于交易保证金的动态设置。采用了豆油期货数据,分剐实证了不考虑流动性风险、考虑流动性指标L（Demsetz模型）和考虑流动性指标L＇（新的综合性流动性指标）的动态期货交易保证金模型,结果表明,考虑流动性指标L＇的模型不仅在覆盖风险上优于另两种模型,也在降低保证金收取水平上占优势,是相对合理全面的动态交易保证金模型。     

弱势美元背景下的中国资本账户开放

2006年以来,美元对国际主要货币的大幅贬值导致全球金融市场动荡,国际短期资本大量流向中国,威胁中国的金融安全,使中国有步骤推进人民币资本账户可兑换、促进跨境资金双向流动的计划受到挑战。中国需要继续完善市场经济体制,按照市场化原则稳步推进资本账户开放;采取盯住货币汇率制度、完善外汇市场等手段,促进人民币汇率的稳定和灵活;提升人民币的国际影响力,增强中国经济抵抗外部冲击的能力。     

The relationship between liquidity and returns on the Chinese stock market

The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of liquidity on returns on the Shanghai stock exchange (SHSE) and the Shenzhen stock exchange (SZSE). We proxy liquidity with the trading volume (TV), the turnover rate (TR), and the trading probability (TP). Using daily data for the period January 1997 and December 2003, we find mixed results on the relationship between liquidity and returns. There is greater evidence of liquidity having a negative effect on returns on the SHSE than on the SZSE. However, this evidence is not robust across the three proxies for liquidity that we use.